建筑英語課件-5

建筑英語主講：杜鵑ARCHITECTUREENGLISHArchitectureSchoolofSIASUNITFive

WORLDFAMOUSBUILDINGSArchitectureisthatgreatlivingcreativespiritwhichfromgenerationtogeneration,fromagetoage,proceeds,persists,creates,accordingtothenatureofman,andhiscircumstancesastheychange.Thatisarchitecture.——FrankLloydWright,1937

ArchitectureTimelineAncientEgypt古埃及建筑Classical古典式Byzantine拜占庭式Romanesque羅馬式Gothic哥特式風格Renaissance文藝復(fù)興時期Baroque&Rococo巴洛克和洛可可Neoclassicism新古典主義ArtNouveau新藝術(shù)運動BeauxArts美術(shù)學(xué)院派風格ArtDeco裝飾藝術(shù)風格ModernistStyles現(xiàn)代主義Postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義

FrankLloydWright

UnityChapelSpringGreenWisconsin1886AbrahamLincolnCenterChicagoIllinois1903FrederickC.RobieHouseChicagoIllinois1908ImperialHotelTokyoJapan1915TaliesinEastSpringGreenWisconsin1925FallingwaterBearRunPennsylvania1935TaliesinWestScottsdaleArizona1937GuggenheimMuseumManhattanNewYork1943–1956V.C.MorrisGiftShopSanFranciscoCalifornia1948PriceTowerBartlesvilleOklahoma1952

FrankLloydWright’sworksUnityChapelFrederickC.RobieHouseAbrahamLincolnCenterFrankLloydWright’sworksImperialHotelTaliesinEastTaliesinWestFrankLloydWright’sworksSolomonR.GuggenheimMuseumFrankLloydWright’sworksV.C.MorrisGiftShopPriceTowerFallingwater流水別墅課文翻譯Paragraph1-1

FallingwaterisaluxuryvacationretreatFrankLloydWrightdesignedin1936forBearRun,Pennsylvania,andPittsburghmillionaireEdgarKaufmann.Cantileveredoverawaterfall,thismagnificenthomehasprobablybeen

photographed,writtenabout,analyzed,andapplaudedmorethananyotherWright’sbuilding.Notonlydidwinhimenormousacclaimatthetimebutitisregardedasoneofhisfineststructureseverbuilt.流水別墅是一個豪華度假山莊，位于賓夕法尼亞州的熊跑溪河畔，由弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴特于1936年為匹茲堡百萬富翁埃德加·考夫曼所設(shè)計。如懸臂一樣臨于瀑布之上，這個壯麗的住宅可能被拍照，被描寫，被分析和得到的喝彩遠遠超過賴特的其他任何建筑。這不僅在那時為他贏得了極大的贊譽，而且它被認為是有史以來賴特最為優(yōu)秀的結(jié)構(gòu)之一。cantilever:v.如懸臂向外突出retreat：n.撤退；隱居處Fallingwater課文翻譯Paragraph1-2

Onecriticcallsit“themostfamousmodernhouseintheworld”,whileanothersaysitis“oneofthecompletemasterpieceofthe20thcenturyart”.Thearchitectexploitedhisopportunitytothefullest,onethathundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavegoneoutoftheirwaytoseeandthatalmosteveryoneacknowledgestobevirtually

unsurpassed.一位評論家稱之為“世界最著名的現(xiàn)代住宅”，而另一個說它是“20世紀藝術(shù)完全的杰作之一”。在這個建筑中，設(shè)計師將他的機會利用到淋漓盡致，（一個）令數(shù)十萬人不辭長途來參觀和了解，而幾乎每個人都承認其是無與倫比的。virtually:adv.實際上；幾乎unsurpassed：adj.未被超越的；非常卓越的課文翻譯Paragraph2-1

OneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsofFallingwaterisitsabsoluterefusaltobeconfined.Fallingwaterseemstotakeflighteverywayatonce,makingitexceptionallydifficulttovisualizeortodescribetosomeonewhohasnotseenit.(Mostphotographsdonotcompletecaptureit.)This,infact,mayhavebeenoneofWright’sobjectives:todefydescription,todestroycategories.流水別墅最顯著的特征之一是其全然拒絕被限制。流水別墅看起來像是同時向每個方向飛翔，使得對它的視覺想象或向沒有見過的人描述它變得格外困難。（絕大多數(shù)照片沒能完整的捕捉到它）。這，事實上，可能是賴特的目標之一：蔑視具象描述，摧毀類型固化。visualize：v.

使...看得見defy:v.藐視；反抗category：n.種類；類別課文翻譯Paragraph2-2

“Ithasnolimitationsastoform,”heonceremarked.Sodifficultvisuallytocomprehend—soimpossibletoharness,asitwere—Fallingwaterdisruptedexpectationsaboutwhatahouseshouldbeordo.Visitorsaresurprised,forexample,byitscomparativelyfewrooms,assumingittobemuchlargerthanitis.“它對形式?jīng)]有任何限制，”他曾經(jīng)談到。如此的難以直觀地理解，如此的無法駕馭，就像它這樣-流水別墅打破了關(guān)于住宅應(yīng)該是什么或者應(yīng)該怎么做的預(yù)期。游客們感到驚訝，例如，因其相對較少的房間，以為其空間遠遠大于它實際的大小。visually：adv.視覺上地harness:n.控制；馬具assume:v.(想當然的)認為課文翻譯Paragraph2-3

Mostofitsfloorspace,surfacearea,andexpenseweredevotedtoamassivelivinganddiningroomandto

terracesandcanopy

slabsshootingoutinseveraldirections,whileitsthreebedroomsandtheusualservicestakeupasmallproportionsofitsthreelevels.Fallingwaterwasnotsomuchafamilyresidenceasaweekendentertainmentretreatand,liketheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,ispartlyan

exerciseinarchitecturalsculpture.它大部分的建筑面積、表面積和建造費用都用在了巨大的起居室和餐廳、露臺和朝幾個方向發(fā)散的雨蓬板上，而它的三間臥室和常規(guī)服務(wù)間只占據(jù)了三層中的一小部分。流水別墅與其說是作為周末娛樂隱居的一個家庭住宅，還不如說，像紐約的古根海姆博物館一樣，一定程度上更像是建筑雕塑的一種實踐。Terrace：n.平臺，階地；

陽臺Canopy:n.

[建]頂篷,雨篷slab：n.平板；厚板ThefloorplanTheSouthElevation課文翻譯Paragraph2-4

Itshouldnotbeaccusedof“impracticality”orunnecessaryexpense;forasHenry-RussellHitchcockhaswiselystated,architecturelivesnotonly“throughthesolutionofgenericproblems[towhichWrightdevotedconsiderableattention]butquiteasmuchbythethrillandacclaimofuniquemasterpieces”.它不應(yīng)該被指責為“不切實際”或不必要的花費，因為亨利·羅素·希區(qū)柯克明智地指出，建筑不僅是“通過一般問題的解決方案[而賴特相當重視這點]而延續(xù)的，更像是獨特杰作帶來的激動和喝彩”。generic：adj.類的；

一般的trill：n.激動；引起激動的事物課文翻譯Paragraph3-1

Likefewotherbuildingsbeforeorsince,Fallingwaterexploitedsitetoadvantage.Twounbelievablycantileveredterraces,partiallyshelteredonebytheotherandbyslabroofcanopies,crosstwelvefeetaboveawaterfallinBearRunwhichpassesinfrontofthestructure’sledge

onwhichitrests,

whilethevertical

thrustofastonefireplaceandchimneystakes

thehousefirmlyinplace,echoingtheplungingstream,reachingforthesky.像之前或之后其他一些建筑，流水別墅利用了基地的優(yōu)勢。兩個難以置信的懸臂式露臺，部分地以其一和屋頂雨篷板遮蔽另一個，在熊跑溪瀑布上方12英尺的地方交叉，溪水從結(jié)構(gòu)挑臺（在其所倚靠的巖石之上）的前方流過，而石頭壁爐和煙囪垂直地插入，像打樁一樣將房子固定到位，呼應(yīng)溪流飛瀉，延伸至深遠的天空。ledge：n.架狀突出物stake：v.用樁支撐plunging：adj.跳進的；突然往下ledgetheverticalthrustofastonefireplaceandchimneyFallingwateFallingwate課文翻譯Paragraph3-2

Itscompositionisanabstractreformulationofitsnaturalsite,apoetic

butnoaliteralinterpretationofthedefiningfeaturesofitslocale.WithoutFallingwater,BearRunwouldhaveremainedabeautifulforeststream,likethousandsofothers;butwithit,theplacebecameunique.Herewasanunsurpassedexampleofhumanitymakingtheworldabetterplace,ofartworkingtoimprovenature.FallingwateralsosupportedWright’scontention

thatanorganicbuildingwasappropriateonlyonitsparticularspot,andnowhereelse.它的組成是對其天然基地一種抽象的再形成，一個充滿詩意但不是拘于場地限定特征的字面解釋。如果沒有流水別墅，熊跑溪將仍然是一個美麗的森林溪流，像成千上萬的其他溪流一樣，但有了它，這個地方就成了獨一無二的。這是一個因人文使這個世界更美好，由藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作來改善自然的卓越例子。流水別墅也支持了賴特的論點，即有機建筑只在其特定地點是合適的，而非其它地方。spot：n.地點；場所locale:n.現(xiàn)場，場所課文翻譯Paragraph4-1

ButFallingwaterachieveditstruestmeasureofgreatnessinthewayittranscendedsitetospeaktouniversalhumanconcerns.Initsstartling

departurefromtraditionalmodesofexpression,itrevealedanaspirationforfreedomfromimposedlimitations;andinitssuccessfulpartnershipwithenvironment,itwas

guideposttohumanity’sproperrelationshipwithnature.Fallingwaterwasalsoaresolutionofdichotomies.但流水別墅以超脫于場地而表達普世關(guān)切的方式實現(xiàn)了其最大程度上真實的偉大。其與傳統(tǒng)的表達模式的分離令人吃驚，它顯示了一個對脫離所施加的限制而得到自由的渴望，并成功地與自然環(huán)境建立了伙伴關(guān)系，它是人類與自然建立恰當關(guān)系的路標。流水別墅也是（人與自然的）截然對立的一種解決辦法。transcended：v.超越；勝過startling：a..令人吃驚的dichotomy：n.分裂；二分法課文翻譯Paragraph4-2

Atthesametimestrikinglysubstantialanddangerouslyephemeral,itissecurelyanchoredtorockandledge,butseemstoleapintospace.Itembodieschangeandchangelessness

simultaneously,foritsimperishablestoneandconcreteelementsfromentirelynewcompositionsastheangleofvisionshifts.Solidrockandrushingwaterreflectthepermanenceandimpermanenceoflifeitself.雖同時擁有驚人的龐大體量和危險如同曇花一現(xiàn)的架構(gòu)，它被穩(wěn)固地錨定在巖石和凸狀結(jié)構(gòu)上，但看起來像躍入空中一樣。它同時體現(xiàn)了變化性和不變性，因從視線轉(zhuǎn)換的角度來看其不腐的石材和混凝土構(gòu)件形成的全新的組合。堅固的巖石和奔騰的流水反映出生命本身的持久性和無常性。Ephemeral：a.短暫的anchor:v.停泊；用錨系住embody：v.使具體化FallingwateFallingwate課文翻譯Paragraph4-3

Fallingwatersinksitsrootsdeeplyintothegroundtogrowoutofitssitemorelikeaplantthanmostotherbuildings,yetitisamasterpieceofconstructiontechnique.Composedoflotsofrectangles,itisneverredundant;builtofinnumerablepiecesofvaryingsizeandmaterial,itneverthelessachieveaunityfewstructuresapproach.流水別墅將它的根深深的扎入地下，比大多數(shù)其他建筑物更像是一株植物從基地中生長出來，然而它是精密的施工技術(shù)所造就的杰作。由大量的矩形組成，它從來都沒有冗余的;由無數(shù)不同尺寸和材質(zhì)的構(gòu)件建造而成，但它實現(xiàn)了幾種結(jié)構(gòu)方式的統(tǒng)一。Sink:v.下沉；滲透innumerable:adj.無數(shù)的；數(shù)不清的TheinteriorofFallingwater課文翻譯Paragraph4-4

Fallingwaterisastudyinopposites—motionandstability,changeandpermanence,powerandephemeralness—thatmakethehumancondition