建筑英語(yǔ)課件-5

建筑英語(yǔ)主講：杜鵑ARCHITECTUREENGLISHArchitectureSchoolofSIASUNITFive

WORLDFAMOUSBUILDINGSArchitectureisthatgreatlivingcreativespiritwhichfromgenerationtogeneration,fromagetoage,proceeds,persists,creates,accordingtothenatureofman,andhiscircumstancesastheychange.Thatisarchitecture.——FrankLloydWright,1937

ArchitectureTimelineAncientEgypt古埃及建筑Classical古典式Byzantine拜占庭式Romanesque羅馬式Gothic哥特式風(fēng)格Renaissance文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期Baroque&Rococo巴洛克和洛可可Neoclassicism新古典主義ArtNouveau新藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)BeauxArts美術(shù)學(xué)院派風(fēng)格ArtDeco裝飾藝術(shù)風(fēng)格ModernistStyles現(xiàn)代主義Postmodernism后現(xiàn)代主義

FrankLloydWright

UnityChapelSpringGreenWisconsin1886AbrahamLincolnCenterChicagoIllinois1903FrederickC.RobieHouseChicagoIllinois1908ImperialHotelTokyoJapan1915TaliesinEastSpringGreenWisconsin1925FallingwaterBearRunPennsylvania1935TaliesinWestScottsdaleArizona1937GuggenheimMuseumManhattanNewYork1943–1956V.C.MorrisGiftShopSanFranciscoCalifornia1948PriceTowerBartlesvilleOklahoma1952

FrankLloydWright’sworksUnityChapelFrederickC.RobieHouseAbrahamLincolnCenterFrankLloydWright’sworksImperialHotelTaliesinEastTaliesinWestFrankLloydWright’sworksSolomonR.GuggenheimMuseumFrankLloydWright’sworksV.C.MorrisGiftShopPriceTowerFallingwater流水別墅課文翻譯Paragraph1-1

FallingwaterisaluxuryvacationretreatFrankLloydWrightdesignedin1936forBearRun,Pennsylvania,andPittsburghmillionaireEdgarKaufmann.Cantileveredoverawaterfall,thismagnificenthomehasprobablybeen

photographed,writtenabout,analyzed,andapplaudedmorethananyotherWright’sbuilding.Notonlydidwinhimenormousacclaimatthetimebutitisregardedasoneofhisfineststructureseverbuilt.流水別墅是一個(gè)豪華度假山莊，位于賓夕法尼亞州的熊跑溪河畔，由弗蘭克·勞埃德·賴(lài)特于1936年為匹茲堡百萬(wàn)富翁埃德加·考夫曼所設(shè)計(jì)。如懸臂一樣臨于瀑布之上，這個(gè)壯麗的住宅可能被拍照，被描寫(xiě)，被分析和得到的喝彩遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)賴(lài)特的其他任何建筑。這不僅在那時(shí)為他贏得了極大的贊譽(yù)，而且它被認(rèn)為是有史以來(lái)賴(lài)特最為優(yōu)秀的結(jié)構(gòu)之一。cantilever:v.如懸臂向外突出retreat：n.撤退；隱居處Fallingwater課文翻譯Paragraph1-2

Onecriticcallsit“themostfamousmodernhouseintheworld”,whileanothersaysitis“oneofthecompletemasterpieceofthe20thcenturyart”.Thearchitectexploitedhisopportunitytothefullest,onethathundredsofthousandsofpeoplehavegoneoutoftheirwaytoseeandthatalmosteveryoneacknowledgestobevirtually

unsurpassed.一位評(píng)論家稱(chēng)之為“世界最著名的現(xiàn)代住宅”，而另一個(gè)說(shuō)它是“20世紀(jì)藝術(shù)完全的杰作之一”。在這個(gè)建筑中，設(shè)計(jì)師將他的機(jī)會(huì)利用到淋漓盡致，（一個(gè)）令數(shù)十萬(wàn)人不辭長(zhǎng)途來(lái)參觀和了解，而幾乎每個(gè)人都承認(rèn)其是無(wú)與倫比的。virtually:adv.實(shí)際上；幾乎unsurpassed：adj.未被超越的；非常卓越的課文翻譯Paragraph2-1

OneofthemostremarkablecharacteristicsofFallingwaterisitsabsoluterefusaltobeconfined.Fallingwaterseemstotakeflighteverywayatonce,makingitexceptionallydifficulttovisualizeortodescribetosomeonewhohasnotseenit.(Mostphotographsdonotcompletecaptureit.)This,infact,mayhavebeenoneofWright’sobjectives:todefydescription,todestroycategories.流水別墅最顯著的特征之一是其全然拒絕被限制。流水別墅看起來(lái)像是同時(shí)向每個(gè)方向飛翔，使得對(duì)它的視覺(jué)想象或向沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)的人描述它變得格外困難。（絕大多數(shù)照片沒(méi)能完整的捕捉到它）。這，事實(shí)上，可能是賴(lài)特的目標(biāo)之一：蔑視具象描述，摧毀類(lèi)型固化。visualize：v.

使...看得見(jiàn)defy:v.藐視；反抗category：n.種類(lèi)；類(lèi)別課文翻譯Paragraph2-2

“Ithasnolimitationsastoform,”heonceremarked.Sodifficultvisuallytocomprehend—soimpossibletoharness,asitwere—Fallingwaterdisruptedexpectationsaboutwhatahouseshouldbeordo.Visitorsaresurprised,forexample,byitscomparativelyfewrooms,assumingittobemuchlargerthanitis.“它對(duì)形式?jīng)]有任何限制，”他曾經(jīng)談到。如此的難以直觀地理解，如此的無(wú)法駕馭，就像它這樣-流水別墅打破了關(guān)于住宅應(yīng)該是什么或者應(yīng)該怎么做的預(yù)期。游客們感到驚訝，例如，因其相對(duì)較少的房間，以為其空間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于它實(shí)際的大小。visually：adv.視覺(jué)上地harness:n.控制；馬具assume:v.(想當(dāng)然的)認(rèn)為課文翻譯Paragraph2-3

Mostofitsfloorspace,surfacearea,andexpenseweredevotedtoamassivelivinganddiningroomandto

terracesandcanopy

slabsshootingoutinseveraldirections,whileitsthreebedroomsandtheusualservicestakeupasmallproportionsofitsthreelevels.Fallingwaterwasnotsomuchafamilyresidenceasaweekendentertainmentretreatand,liketheGuggenheimMuseuminNewYork,ispartlyan

exerciseinarchitecturalsculpture.它大部分的建筑面積、表面積和建造費(fèi)用都用在了巨大的起居室和餐廳、露臺(tái)和朝幾個(gè)方向發(fā)散的雨蓬板上，而它的三間臥室和常規(guī)服務(wù)間只占據(jù)了三層中的一小部分。流水別墅與其說(shuō)是作為周末娛樂(lè)隱居的一個(gè)家庭住宅，還不如說(shuō)，像紐約的古根海姆博物館一樣，一定程度上更像是建筑雕塑的一種實(shí)踐。Terrace：n.平臺(tái)，階地；

陽(yáng)臺(tái)Canopy:n.

[建]頂篷,雨篷slab：n.平板；厚板ThefloorplanTheSouthElevation課文翻譯Paragraph2-4

Itshouldnotbeaccusedof“impracticality”orunnecessaryexpense;forasHenry-RussellHitchcockhaswiselystated,architecturelivesnotonly“throughthesolutionofgenericproblems[towhichWrightdevotedconsiderableattention]butquiteasmuchbythethrillandacclaimofuniquemasterpieces”.它不應(yīng)該被指責(zé)為“不切實(shí)際”或不必要的花費(fèi)，因?yàn)楹嗬ち_素·希區(qū)柯克明智地指出，建筑不僅是“通過(guò)一般問(wèn)題的解決方案[而賴(lài)特相當(dāng)重視這點(diǎn)]而延續(xù)的，更像是獨(dú)特杰作帶來(lái)的激動(dòng)和喝彩”。generic：adj.類(lèi)的；

一般的trill：n.激動(dòng)；引起激動(dòng)的事物課文翻譯Paragraph3-1

Likefewotherbuildingsbeforeorsince,Fallingwaterexploitedsitetoadvantage.Twounbelievablycantileveredterraces,partiallyshelteredonebytheotherandbyslabroofcanopies,crosstwelvefeetaboveawaterfallinBearRunwhichpassesinfrontofthestructure’sledge

onwhichitrests,

whilethevertical

thrustofastonefireplaceandchimneystakes

thehousefirmlyinplace,echoingtheplungingstream,reachingforthesky.像之前或之后其他一些建筑，流水別墅利用了基地的優(yōu)勢(shì)。兩個(gè)難以置信的懸臂式露臺(tái)，部分地以其一和屋頂雨篷板遮蔽另一個(gè)，在熊跑溪瀑布上方12英尺的地方交叉，溪水從結(jié)構(gòu)挑臺(tái)（在其所倚靠的巖石之上）的前方流過(guò)，而石頭壁爐和煙囪垂直地插入，像打樁一樣將房子固定到位，呼應(yīng)溪流飛瀉，延伸至深遠(yuǎn)的天空。ledge：n.架狀突出物stake：v.用樁支撐plunging：adj.跳進(jìn)的；突然往下ledgetheverticalthrustofastonefireplaceandchimneyFallingwateFallingwate課文翻譯Paragraph3-2

Itscompositionisanabstractreformulationofitsnaturalsite,apoetic

butnoaliteralinterpretationofthedefiningfeaturesofitslocale.WithoutFallingwater,BearRunwouldhaveremainedabeautifulforeststream,likethousandsofothers;butwithit,theplacebecameunique.Herewasanunsurpassedexampleofhumanitymakingtheworldabetterplace,ofartworkingtoimprovenature.FallingwateralsosupportedWright’scontention

thatanorganicbuildingwasappropriateonlyonitsparticularspot,andnowhereelse.它的組成是對(duì)其天然基地一種抽象的再形成，一個(gè)充滿(mǎn)詩(shī)意但不是拘于場(chǎng)地限定特征的字面解釋。如果沒(méi)有流水別墅，熊跑溪將仍然是一個(gè)美麗的森林溪流，像成千上萬(wàn)的其他溪流一樣，但有了它，這個(gè)地方就成了獨(dú)一無(wú)二的。這是一個(gè)因人文使這個(gè)世界更美好，由藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作來(lái)改善自然的卓越例子。流水別墅也支持了賴(lài)特的論點(diǎn)，即有機(jī)建筑只在其特定地點(diǎn)是合適的，而非其它地方。spot：n.地點(diǎn)；場(chǎng)所locale:n.現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，場(chǎng)所課文翻譯Paragraph4-1

ButFallingwaterachieveditstruestmeasureofgreatnessinthewayittranscendedsitetospeaktouniversalhumanconcerns.Initsstartling

departurefromtraditionalmodesofexpression,itrevealedanaspirationforfreedomfromimposedlimitations;andinitssuccessfulpartnershipwithenvironment,itwas

guideposttohumanity’sproperrelationshipwithnature.Fallingwaterwasalsoaresolutionofdichotomies.但流水別墅以超脫于場(chǎng)地而表達(dá)普世關(guān)切的方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了其最大程度上真實(shí)的偉大。其與傳統(tǒng)的表達(dá)模式的分離令人吃驚，它顯示了一個(gè)對(duì)脫離所施加的限制而得到自由的渴望，并成功地與自然環(huán)境建立了伙伴關(guān)系，它是人類(lèi)與自然建立恰當(dāng)關(guān)系的路標(biāo)。流水別墅也是（人與自然的）截然對(duì)立的一種解決辦法。transcended：v.超越；勝過(guò)startling：a..令人吃驚的dichotomy：n.分裂；二分法課文翻譯Paragraph4-2

Atthesametimestrikinglysubstantialanddangerouslyephemeral,itissecurelyanchoredtorockandledge,butseemstoleapintospace.Itembodieschangeandchangelessness

simultaneously,foritsimperishablestoneandconcreteelementsfromentirelynewcompositionsastheangleofvisionshifts.Solidrockandrushingwaterreflectthepermanenceandimpermanenceoflifeitself.雖同時(shí)擁有驚人的龐大體量和危險(xiǎn)如同曇花一現(xiàn)的架構(gòu)，它被穩(wěn)固地錨定在巖石和凸?fàn)罱Y(jié)構(gòu)上，但看起來(lái)像躍入空中一樣。它同時(shí)體現(xiàn)了變化性和不變性，因從視線轉(zhuǎn)換的角度來(lái)看其不腐的石材和混凝土構(gòu)件形成的全新的組合。堅(jiān)固的巖石和奔騰的流水反映出生命本身的持久性和無(wú)常性。Ephemeral：a.短暫的anchor:v.停泊；用錨系住embody：v.使具體化FallingwateFallingwate課文翻譯Paragraph4-3

Fallingwatersinksitsrootsdeeplyintothegroundtogrowoutofitssitemorelikeaplantthanmostotherbuildings,yetitisamasterpieceofconstructiontechnique.Composedoflotsofrectangles,itisneverredundant;builtofinnumerablepiecesofvaryingsizeandmaterial,itneverthelessachieveaunityfewstructuresapproach.流水別墅將它的根深深的扎入地下，比大多數(shù)其他建筑物更像是一株植物從基地中生長(zhǎng)出來(lái)，然而它是精密的施工技術(shù)所造就的杰作。由大量的矩形組成，它從來(lái)都沒(méi)有冗余的;由無(wú)數(shù)不同尺寸和材質(zhì)的構(gòu)件建造而成，但它實(shí)現(xiàn)了幾種結(jié)構(gòu)方式的統(tǒng)一。Sink:v.下沉；滲透innumerable:adj.無(wú)數(shù)的；數(shù)不清的TheinteriorofFallingwater課文翻譯Paragraph4-4

Fallingwaterisastudyinopposites—motionandstability,changeandpermanence,powerandephemeralness—thatmakethehumancondition