精品-名詞性從句通用課件

名詞性從句

Unit1Theworldofoursense

GrammarNounclause名詞性從句名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。

引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類：

連接詞：that,whether,if連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why

一．主語從句

主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.It作形式主語

It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

Ⅰ

Subjectclause引導主語從句的連詞主要有:一.由that引導的主從:1.That

weshallbelateiscertain.2._____________________isknowntoall.(地球是圓的)3.________________________isapity.

(你錯過了這次機會)

★

that不作成分，無意義,但不能省略.

后接一個完整的陳述句.That

theearthisroundThat

youmissedthechancethatwhether疑問詞注：that引導的主語從句作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。That引導的主從，常用形式主語it代替，that從句后移。Thatweneedtimeisobvious.Itisobviousthatweneedtime.2.What引導的主從，what作主語，賓語或表語，表。。。的東西Whatweneedistime.Whathesaiditistrue.What引導的主從，謂語動詞視后面的名詞而定。Whatweneed

time.Whathegaveme

are

twobooks.is

what引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語．賓語．表語，而that則不然。例如：

1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)______sheisstillaliveisagoodthing.Itisrightwhatyousaidyesterday.Itisagoodthingthatsheisstillalive.WhatThat2.what與that在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別3.由whether引導的主從:e.g.Whetherhe’llbeabletocomeisnotyetknown.

Whetherwewillsucceedisstillaquestion.★主語從句不能用if來引導;Ex:1.是否我們要參加這次會議仍未被決定。

Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.

陳述語序4.疑問詞引導的主語從句

what;which;who;whom;when;where;why;how

原則:缺什么補什么Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Whowillwinthegameisnotclear.Wherehewillgoisunknown.Whytheyhavenotleftyetpuzzledme.Howwecangetthereisaproblem.1.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever2.______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.A.Where

B.What

C.That

D.How3.It’snotclear________wasresponsiblefortheaccident.A.Who

B.What

C.How

D.ThatAEx.CA二．賓語從句

賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。1.作動詞的賓語

(1)由that引導的賓語從句(that通?？梢允÷?,例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引導的賓語從句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)動詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介詞的賓語，例如：

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.3.作形容詞的賓語，例如：

Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.4.it可以作為形式賓語

it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。例如：

Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.ⅡObjectclause★引導賓語從句的連詞主要有:1.that引導的賓從

Shesensed

shewasbeingwatching.

Webelieveheishonest.

ItoldhimIwouldcomebacksoon.★單個的賓語從句中連詞that可以省略.thatif/whether疑問詞thatthatthat＊如果賓語從句是由and或是but連接的兩個句子,那么要用2個連詞分別引導兩個句子,并且不能省略..Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.2.if/whether引導的賓從

如果賓語從句為一般疑問句時,用if或whether來引導e.g.Iwonderif/whetherhewillcomeontime.★if和whether的選用1)從句是一般疑問句作動詞的賓語,二者都可用;2)Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if;whether與if均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，whether不能被if所取代：主語從句不能用ifWhetherhewillcomeisunknown.

2.表語從句不能用if，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.同位語從句不能用if，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisnotdecided.4.從句作介詞的賓語不能用if，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.直接跟不定式連用，連詞不能用if如：Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.6.Whether…ornot搭配,不能用if用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow__________I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf3.疑問詞引導的賓語從句Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.Idon’tknowwherehelives.Idon’tknowwherehe’llvisit.3.疑問詞引導的賓從練習

1.Idon’tknow_________broketheglassyesterday.2.Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.3.Theteacherasked______Iwasgettingonwithmyclassmates.

A.whatB.thatC.howD.if4.Wethought______strangethatshedidn’tcomeyesterday.A.thatB.itC.thisD.whatwhowhatCBdoubt用于肯定句，其賓從用if/whetherIdoubtwhetherhewillcometomorrow.Doubt用于否定句，疑問句，用thatIdon’tdoubtthathewillcometomorrow.Doyoudoubtthat…?5.虛擬語氣在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用：Suggest,insist,require,order,request,demand,propose,advice+that主+should+V原形，should可省略。Hesuggestedthatameetingshouldbeheldatonce.HeinsistedthathenotbesenttoworkinTibet.ⅡObjectclause★賓語從句的注意點：1.單個的賓語從句中連詞that可以省略.Webelieveheishonest.如果賓語從句是由and或是but連接的兩個句子,那么要用2個連詞分別引導兩個句子,并且不能省略.

Hesaidthathelikedrainverymuchandthathewouldnotuseanumbrella.that3.賓語從句的語序問題，用正常語序1.Thephotographswillshowyou_________.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Youcanhardlyimagine______whenheheardthenews.A.howhewasexcitedB.howwasheexcitedC.howexcitedhewasD.hewashowexcited3.Heasked_______foraviolin.（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaidBCD4.賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)1）.如果主句時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,從句謂語可根據(jù)句意需要而選用任一種時態(tài).

a.他相信他的夢想總有一天會實現(xiàn)的.

Hebelieves____________________________________.

b.請告訴我你昨天這個時候在干什么.

Pleasetellme____________________________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedaywhatyouweredoingatthistimeyesterday2）.Hetoldme.

‘Iampreparingfortheexam.’Hetoldme.

‘Ihaveleftmyhometownformanyyears.

3）.老師告訴我們地球是圓的。

Theteachertoldus_________________.Hetoldmehewaspreparingfortheexam.Hetoldmehehadlefthishometownformanyyears.theearthisround主語從句與賓語從句練習1.Itnowappears______theyareinneedofhelp.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how3.It______heislateforclass.A.maythat B.mightthatC.maybethat D.mightbewhat4.______knowsthetruthwilltellyouaboutit.A.WhothatB.WhoeverC.WhomthatD.Thatwho5.Youmustdowell______theteacherasksyoutodo.A.whichB.what C.thatD.where6.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif三．表語從句

表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat…

和Itisbecause

等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1)Thequestionis

_________

wecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisis____wecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremains___wearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereason______heislateforschoolis____hemissedtheearlybus.whether/howwhythatwhythatⅢpredictiveclause引導表語從句的連詞:thatwhether疑問詞asif/asthoughbecausee.g.ThetroubleisthatIhavelostmykey.Thequestionis

whether

wecandoit.

That’s

because

wewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helooked

asif

hewasgoingtocry.That’s

why

Iwaslate.虛擬語氣在表語從句中的應(yīng)用：如果句子的主語是suggestion,advice.order,demand,require,proposal,等名詞時,后面引導的表語從句用should+動詞原形,should可省略.e.g.他的建議是我們應(yīng)該馬上完成工作.

1.Thereason_______wedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．★如果主語為reason,whythat表語從句連詞只能用thatHissuggestionisthatwe(should)finishtheworkatonce.★此規(guī)則同樣適用于同位語從句表語從句練習1.Thisis______shewasborn.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what2.Thequestionis______wecan’tgotheretoday.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when3.Thereasonhehasmadesuchgreatprogressis_______hehasneverwastedhistime.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.what4.Myadviceisthathe______schoolbybike.A.gotoB.wouldgotoC.goestoD.wentto5.___shecouldn’tunderstandwas___fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that四．同位語從句1.同位語從句的功能同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，修飾名詞fact,idea,news,order，suggestion,等的同位語從句由that引導，不用which,that不可省。

同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。Ⅳoppositonclause引導同位語從句的連接詞:that疑問詞whether1.That引導的同位語從句：1)ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue.2.Whether引導的同位語從句：1)Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.3.疑問詞引導的同位語從句1）Wehaven’tsettledthequestion

wherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.1.Thesuggestionthathe_____atthemeetingwasagreedtobymostpeople.A.shouldputforwardB.putforwardC.shouldlookforwardD.lookedforward2.Thesuggestionthatwe_____topicniconSundaywasagreedtobymostpeople.AwentB.wouldgoC.go

D.wereallowedtogoBC4.虛擬語氣在同位語從句中的應(yīng)用：名詞demand,suggestion,proposal,advice

等詞后的同位語從句的語氣要用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)為should+do,should可省略

5.同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別(1)定語從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。(2)定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述它的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行具體內(nèi)容的補充說明。例如：1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）同位語：修飾名詞的內(nèi)容定語從句：對前面的名詞進行修飾，限定。Thenewsthatourteamhadwoncame.同位語從句Thenewsthat/whichheheardwastrue.定語從句同位語從句定語從句that（連詞）只起連接的作用,不充當句子成分that(關(guān)系代詞)

充當一定的句子成分(主，賓，表）同位語從句與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系，表示這個名詞的內(nèi)容定語從句對先行詞起修飾作用，表示“…的”。同位語從句的that一般不能省而定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞that，當其在從句中做賓語時，常?？梢允÷詔hat在同位語從句 與定語從句的區(qū)別（I）試比較下面兩個例句:1.Thesuggestionthatheraisedatthemeetingisverygood.2.Thesuggestionthatthestudentsshouldhaveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that引導定語從句,作賓語,可以省略）（that引導同位語從句,在從句中不擔當任何成分，但不可以省略）

辨別下列從句是定語從句還是同位語從句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.

同位語從句同位語從句定語從句同位語從句practice高考再現(xiàn)1.(NMET1995)

isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It2.(NMET1996)

wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan

wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what3.(NMET2001春)Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter

itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which4.(NMET1997)It’sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild

heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wherever5.(NMET1999)–IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat

youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.whereDADBA6.(上海2002)There’safeelinginme

we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.whatA1.Itisimportantthat______oureducationinallavailableways.A.wemustdevelopB.weshalldevelopC.wewoulddevelopD.weshoulddevelop2.Itisnecessarythat______bytheendoftheweek.A.wegoteverythingreadyB.wehavegoteverythingreadyC.WegeteverythingreadyD.wemustgeteverythingready3.Itwasnaturalthat_______.A.mypictureswouldsurprisethemB.mypicturessurprisedthemC.mypicturesshouldsurprisethemD.mypictureswouldhavesurprisedthem4.Iwonder_______.A.whetherornotI’llcatchthelastbusB.ifornotI’llcatchthelastbusC.thatI’llcatchthelastbusornotD.thatI’llcatchthelastbus5.Weallthought______apitythatwehadmissedthelesson.A.soB.suchC.itD.that6.Itook______forgranted（想當然）thattheywerenotcoming.A.thatB.thisC.itD.so7.Iheard______saidthathehadgreatconcern（關(guān)心）forhisclassmates.A.andB.thatC.wasD.it8.IwishI______tothefootballmatchlastnight.A.wentB.goC.shouldgoD.hadgone1.Weallknowthetruth_____theearthgoesroundthesun.A.thatB.which C.whatD.whether2.Weheardthenews______ourteamhadwon.A.whichB.that C.whatD.where3.Theproblem______itisrightorwronghasnotyetbeendecided.A.whichB.that C.whetherD.if4.There’safeelinginme_______we’llneverknowwhataUFOis-----notever.A.that

B.whichC.ofwhichD.what5.Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.

A.howB.thatC.whenD.what綜合運用：Theearthisround,_________isknowntoeverybody.as/which2.____isknowntoeverybody,theearthisround.As3.______theearthisroundisknowntoeverybody.That4.____isknowntoeverybodythattheeart