動(dòng)詞不定式課件

動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)

:todo(否定)nottodo二.

時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)不定式

todo

tobedone

tobedoing

tohavedone

tohavebeendone

tohavebeendoing--------------------1.作主語2.作賓語3.作賓語補(bǔ)足語4.作定語5.作狀語6.作表語7.作獨(dú)立成分8.與疑問詞等連用三.用法/功能Toseeistobelieve.It’simportanttolearn.(1).主語不定式作主語時(shí),往往放在謂語之后,用it作形式主語.Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.(2).表語Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.(3)賓語think/consider/findit+adj.+todo常用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.

needtodo learntodo agreetodoplantododecidetodo refusetodobegintodostarttodo trytodoforgettodoremembertodoliketodoStoptodogoontodo2.用作賓語補(bǔ)足語：(v.+sb.+todo)Sheaskedmetohelpher.Theteachertoldhimtocomeontime.Edison’smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite.

wantsb.todo wishsb.todo

getsb.todo ordersb.todo

findsb.todo likesb.todo

wouldlikesb.todohelpsb.todo作賓語補(bǔ)足語不帶to的情況：Letmedoit.Isawhimcrossthestreet.常見動(dòng)詞有：使役動(dòng)詞:let,make,have感官動(dòng)詞:see,watch,hear,feel,listento比較：Iheardhersinginginthenextroom.Iheardhersinginthenextroom.Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.二看

watch

see

lookat三使

let

make

have

一聽

listento

hear四注意:

feelnotice五感覺:Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork(byme).不定式用在介詞but,except,besides后時(shí),如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodo

besidessleep.Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.(5).定語(如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞,則不定式中要有介詞.)不定式作定語時(shí)，應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面，而且放在其他后置定語之后。1.不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：(1)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主謂關(guān)系

Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他總是第一個(gè)來。(3)同位關(guān)系

Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。2.不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)工具等，即使是及物動(dòng)詞，不定式后面仍須有相應(yīng)的介詞。

3.不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他沒錢沒地方住。請(qǐng)給我一支寫字的筆.Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.Ⅸ.e.gTheyhadnoroomtolive___.

Thepenisverygoodtowrite____.

Thechairisnicetosit__.what/where/when/how/why+todosth.e.g.Howtodoitisstillaquestion.Haveyoudecidedwhentoholdtheparty?inwithonⅩ.4.something,anything,nothing,everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。注意比較：Doyouhaveanythingtosend?你有什么東西要寄嗎？（不定式tosend的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）2.Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式tobesent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.(6)狀語inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too….to.,(7).獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)

tobehonest,totellthetruthTotellthetruth,Idon’tagreewithyou.關(guān)于小品詞to(1).不定式中的動(dòng)詞上文已出現(xiàn)過,下文要省略該動(dòng)詞.eg:Wouldyouliketogowithme?I’dliketo.(2).不定式是tobe結(jié)構(gòu),be不可省.eg:Wouldyouliketobeateacher?I’dliketobe.不定式與疑問詞who,which,when,how,what等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語、表語、賓語等。Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.他不知道說什么。(賓語)Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解決這個(gè)問題很重要。(主語)Myquestioniswhentostart.我的問題是什么時(shí)候開始。(表語)注意：在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to。

Whynothavearest?固定句型:hadbetter+(not)dosth.最好（不）做某事Why(not)dosth.?…prefertodo/preferdoing…prefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingB…prefer+todoAratherthan(to)doB…wouldrather(not)dosth.…wouldratherdoAthan(do)B…wouldrather+句子（過去式）（虛擬語氣）要做……Ⅵ.be+happy,glad,pleasedangry,sorry,luckyslow,quick,carefulready,nice+todosth.e.gIamsorrytohearthat.Heiswrongtosayso.Iwasveryluckytogetacopysocheap.“我這么便宜地買到一本,真是幸運(yùn)極了。**quicktolearnsth.**

學(xué)某事學(xué)得快Becarefulnottofallofftheladder.當(dāng)心別從梯子上掉下來。Heisreadytohelp.愿意幫忙Ⅶ.e.g.IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.=Ifoundthat_____veryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ifeelitmydutytodoso.=Ifeelthat__mydutytodoso.think,make,find,feel+it+adj./n+todosth.

itwasitisIt’s++(for+sb.)+todosth.It’s+difficult,hard,easy,possible,impossibleimportant,`+(of

+sb.)+todosth.clever,wise,kind,good,right,nicewrong,bad,cruelsilly,stupid,foolishcareful,carelessⅧ.e.gItishard___youtodoitwell.=Foryoutodoitwellishard.Itiskind___youtohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.

forofIt’sclever__himtosayso.Itisimpossible__youtofinishit.Itwaswrong__youtotellalie.Itwascareless___youtomakesomanymistakesintheexam.Itissilly__hertodosuchathing.Itisimportant___youtolearnEnglishwell.

offorof

of

of

fore.gExercises1.--You’vedoneverywellthistime. --It’sreallykind______. A.foryoutosaysoB.foryousayingso C.ofyoutosaysoD.ofyousayingso2.Itisbettertoloseone’slifethan____. A.ifyouloseyourspirit B.losinghisspirit C.toloseone’sspirit D.yourspiritgettinglostCC3.–Ican’tworkinthisway. --Whynot____itinsomeotherway? A.trytodo B.trydoing C.tryingtodo D.tryingdoing4.Sinceyoufinditdifficult____adecision,you’dbetteradiscussion(討論)withyourparents. A.reach;have B.reaching;have C.reach;having D.toreach;haveBD5.Myfatherhates(痛恨)___.Heneverallowsme_____. A.tosmoke;tosmoke B.smoking;smoking C.smoke;smoking D.smoking;tosmoke6.Thegirlwasbeginning___. A.getangry B.togetangry C.gettingangry D.angryDB7.Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon’tknow________. A.wheretochoose B.whichtochoose C.whattochoose D.tochoosewhich8.Thebagistooheavyforme_______. A.tocarryit B.nottocarryit C.tocarry D.nottocarry9.Theteacherwillteachhim_______. A.touse B.useit C.howtouseit D.usesBCC找出句子中的不定式,并說出作用：1.Ittakesyoutenminutestogetthere.2.Ihopetoseehimsoon.3.Hiswishistobecomeanartist.4.Peopleeattolive,butnotlivetoeat.狀語表語賓語主語5.Ihavealottotellyou.6.It’snotrighttobealwaysthinkingofoneself.7.Weoftenseehimplayfootball.定語主語賓語補(bǔ)足語1.我的工作是每天打掃這間屋子。2.最上策的計(jì)劃就是馬上離開這兒。3.我的夢(mèng)想就是成為一名科學(xué)家。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.Thebestplanistoleavehereatonce.Mydreamistobeascientist.1.他想借用我的錄音機(jī)。2.他們開始讀和寫。3.李琳喜歡玩什么？她喜歡踢足球。4.你長大了想做什么？Hewantstoborrowmyradio.Theybegantoreadandwrite.WhatsportsdoesLiLinliketoplay?Shelikestoplaysoccer.Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?1.我有許多書要看。2.她有幾個(gè)問題要問。3.他有一臺(tái)電視要修。4.我沒什么可擔(dān)心的。Ihavemanybookstoread.Shehasafewquestionstoask.HehasaTVsettorepair.Ihavenothingtoworryabout.5.他是一個(gè)值得信賴的人。6.愛迪生是第一個(gè)發(fā)明電燈的人。7.他那生病母親最多可活三個(gè)月。Heisamantobelievein.Edisonwasthefirstmantoinventthelights.Hissickmotherhasthreemonthstoliveatmost.Theylookedforhimeverywhereandfoundhim__underthetree.a.lies b.lying c.lay d.lain考點(diǎn):see/hear/find/watchsb.dosth.(看見某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watchsb.doingsth.(看見某人正在做某事)