高中英語外研版Module4Greatscientists

SectionⅠIntroduction,Reading&Vocabulary基礎夯實一、單詞拼寫sofanimalshavedisappearedbecausetheycouldnotadapttothechangingenvironment.

答案：speciesmanwasoneofthegreatfinhistory.

答案：figureswriterwaseataverygoodschoolwhenhewasyoung.

答案：educatedbuildinghasbeencintoaschool.

答案：convertedhaspquitealotofarticles.

答案：publishedaimat(質量)ratherthanquantity.

答案：qualityisan(農業(yè)的)country.

答案：agricultural(出口)goodstomanycountriesandregions.

答案：exports(最初的)ownerofthehousewasDukeWellington.

答案：original’sbelievedthatadvertisingcanincrease(產量)andsales.

答案：yieldneedsahighincometo(供養(yǎng))suchalargefamily.

答案：support二、用方框內所給詞或短語的適當形式填空bringupbeinterestedinthekeytoreplace...withfigureoutbreakthroughrefertobringinsearchforsupporttheywillthestickabigstone.

答案：replace;withhavemadeagreatinthekidneytransplant.

答案：breakthroughauthorbeginsbytheearlyhistoryofIndia.

答案：referringtomustthatlostwalletuntilIfindit.

答案：searchforthenawhite-hairedoldwomanentered,byagirl.

答案：supportedwasborninTexasbutinOkalahoma.

答案：broughtupwhatwasgoingonintheartworld.

答案：wereinterestedinfirmhasanewmanagementteamtoworkontheproject.

答案：broughtinpolicemanholdssolvingthecrime.

答案：thekeytojustcan’twhyhegaveupsuchagoodchance.

答案：figureout能力提升三、閱讀理解ARecordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudy(蜂窩)—eitherrecordedorreal—mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmers’crops.In2023,scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivingin,LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingbeforesheaskedfarmerstogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms,sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetupashethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintoandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmed,LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinatreeclosetoeachfamily.Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideotheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangryreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderLucyplayedthesoundofawaterfall(瀑布)insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies,theanimalswereafterfourminutes,mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveralhasn’ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial(最初的)resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithhasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.knowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightenedof.

noisescropscameras bees答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段可知,D項正確。mentionedinthepassage,Lucy.

byherselfinAfricatotestmoreelephantgroupsstoppedelephantseatingcropsgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第一段第二句“Shehasn’ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow”可知,B項正確。didLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?recordthesoundofbees.makeavideoofelephants.seeifelephantswouldrunaway.findoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“...setuparecorder”和最后一句可知,A項正確。ofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?elephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.canmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.donotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.donotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句和第二句可知,C項正確。B(2023·浙江高考)Ascientistworkingatherlabbenchandasix-month-oldbabyplayingwithhisfoodmightseemtohavelittleinall,thescientistisengagedinseriousresearchtouncovertheverynatureofthephysicalworld,andthebabyis,well,justplaying...right?Perhaps,butsomedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理學家)havearguedthatthis“play”ismorelikeascientificinvestigationthanonemightthink.Takeacloserlookatthebabyplayingatthetimethebowlofriceispushedoverthetableedge,itfallstotheground-and,intheprocess,itbringsoutimportantevidenceabouthowphysicalobjectsinteract(相互作用):bowlsofricedonotfloatinmid-air,butrequiresupporttoremainislikelythatbabiesarenotbornknowingthisbasicfactoftheuniverse;noraretheyeverclearlytaught,babiesmayformanunderstandingofobjectsupportthroughrepeatedexperimentsandthenbuildonthisknowledgetolearnevenmoreabouthowobjectstheirrangesandtoolsdiffer,thebaby’sinvestigationandthescientist’sexperimentappeartosharethesameaim(tolearnaboutthenaturalworld),overallapproach(gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld),andlogic(aremyobservationswhatIexpected?).Somepsychologistssuggestthatyoungchildrenlearnaboutmorethanjustthephysicalworldinthisway-thattheyinvestigatehumanpsychologyandtherulesoflanguageusingsimilarexample,itmayonlybethroughrepeatedexperiments,evidencegathering,andfinallyoverturningatheory,thatababywillcometoaccepttheideathatotherpeoplecanhavedifferentviewsanddesiresfromwhatheorshehas,forexample,unlikethechild,Mommyactuallydoesn’tlikeDovechocolate.Viewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn,butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceanddoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort-thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld-issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourevolution(進化)providedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemassamecognitive(認知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultsomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”tosomedevelopmentalpsychologists,.

baby’splayisnothingmorethanagameresearchintobabies’gamesispossiblenatureofbabies’playhasbeenthoroughlyinvestigatedbaby’splayissomehowsimilartoascientist’sexperiment答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段最后一句中“...somedevelopmentalpsychologists(心理學家)havearguedthatthis‘play’ismorelikeascientificinvestigation...”可知科學實驗和孩子的玩耍這兩種行為均包含一種共性。D項中issomehowsimilarto和句中ismorelike為同義替換。learnfromParagraph2that.

andbabiesseemtoobservetheworlddifferentlyandbabiesofteninteractwitheachotherarebornwiththeknowledgeofobjectsupportseemtocollectevidencejustasscientistsdo答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。在第二段中,作者通過實例論證了嬰兒的玩耍和科學家們的實驗兩者間存在的共性,即目的、方法和邏輯相同。注意該段落最后一句話括號中的信息:gatheringdirectevidencefromtheworld,D項中的collect和gathering屬于同義替換。故選擇D項。A項錯在differently;B項屬于理解錯誤,正確的表述應該是科學家們以及嬰兒和物質世界的互動;C項錯在bornwith一詞。maylearntherulesoflanguageby.

thephysicalworldhumanpsychologytheirownexperimentstheirparents’behaviors答案：C解析：推理判斷題。推理判斷的起點是第三段第一句中“usingsimilarmeans”這一說明。既然調查人類心理和語言規(guī)則的方法同上,則應該從上文的第二段中找到對應的方法,即第二段倒數(shù)第二句中“throughrepeatedexperiments”,因此選擇C項。isthemainideaofthelastparagraph?worldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.babies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.mayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.答案：B解析：主旨大意題。段落的首句為該段的主旨句。該句句意:把兒童的發(fā)展看作是一個科學研究的過程,這闡明了孩子學習的方法;同時也對怎樣看待科學和科學家具有啟示性意義。因此研究嬰兒的玩耍的科學性可以更好地理解科學本身的發(fā)展,故B項正確。四、語法填空閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。CharlieChaplinwasanEnglishcomicactorandfilm1.(direct)ofthesilentfilmerawhobecameoneofthebest-knownfilmstarsintheworldbeforetheendoftheWorldWarⅠ.Chaplinusedmime,slapstick(打鬧劇)andothervisualcomedyroutines,and2.(continue)wellintotheeraofthetalkies(有聲電影),3.hisfilmsdecreasedinfrequencyfromthe