自考英語(yǔ)科技文選試題解析7月浙江

浙江省2018年7月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)科技文選試題課程代碼：00836.Directions:Addtheappropriateaffix(es)toeachwordaccordingtothegivenChinese,makingchangeswhennecessary.(10%)1.biology外空生物學(xué)1.______2.historic史前的2.______3.option任意的3.______4.fiction虛假的4.______5.hard變硬5.______6.module標(biāo)準(zhǔn)尺寸的6.______7.foam泡沫豐富的7.______8.bluish淺藍(lán)色的8.______9.meter萬(wàn)用表9.______10.facial雙面的10.______.Directions:Fillintheblanks,eachusingoneofthegivenphrasesbelowinitsproperform.(10%)intimebecompatiblewithbumpintoembarkondoitjusticeboundupwithinrelationtoleadtounderwayintheeventofParticularemphasisshouldbelaidontwoareasofthinking.Thefirstis______theconcentrationofresearchintheindustrialcountries,whichisgivingrisetoeconomicandsocio—culturalimbalances.Measuringtimealsoimpliessituatingevents______eachother,inotherwords,datingthem.______,manythingsnowunknownwillbecomeknown.4.Fewgeneralreaders______evenoneofthethirteenvolumesofScienceandCivilizationinChinasofarpublished.Eventuallyweshallbeableto“humanize”animalsbyinjectingthemwithhumangenesfortransplantationpurposes,sothattheirorganswillbecome______thebodyofthepersonreceivingthetransplant.Whenproductiongets______,ahologramofeachnewlymanufacturedpropellerissuperimposedonthehologramofthedefect—freemodel.Aworldmadeupentirelyoferraticelectricalgyrationsincurvedspacerequiresabizarremathematicsto______.Unlikemostplastics,______fire,Borosilicateglasswillnotgiveoffanytoxicgases.9.Everyday,however,we______phenomenathatmaywellbeunknowablebutthatwedonotrecognizeassuch.10.Inbothsexes,tryingtorecognizerhymes______increasedbloodflowintheinferiorfrontal1gyrusofthelefthemisphere,whichhaslongbeenlinkedtolanguageability..Directions:Fillineachblankwithasuitablewordgivenbelow.(10%)destroysturnintodeathorexactlycomparesmalleraddictivetomemoryAlcoholhasanincrediblepowertoaffectthemind.Afewdrinkscan___1___asurestep—astagger,athoughtintoablur,andspeechintoaslur.Alcoholalsocanbe___2___.Itcanmakesomepeoplefeelanintenseneedforadrink,ormanydrinks.Yearsofheavydrinkingcanevendestroy___3___,leavingapersonunabletoremembernewinformation___4___eventsformorethanafewseconds.Alcohol’smind-alteringeffectsareobvious.But___5___whatalcoholdoestothebrainisnotobvious.Inthepastscientistscoulddirectlystudyalcohol’sactionsonthebrainonlybyexaminingbraintissueafteraperson’s___6___.Butnowhigh-techtoolscan″seeinsidelivingbrainstorevealclues___7___alcohol’sdevastatingways.Tostudyalcohol’seffectsonthebrain,scientists___8___imagesofthebrainsofpeoplewhohaveusedalotofalcoholintheirliveswiththebrainsofpeoplewhohaveusedlittleornoalcohol.Suchcomparisonsrevealthatheavy,long-termuseofalcohol___9___partsofthebrain,makingthebrain___10___.Asthebrainshrinks,fluid-filledcavitiescalledventriclesinthebrain’scenterenlarge.1._______6._______2._______7._______3._______8._______4._______9._______5._______10._______.Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,eachusingoneofthegivenwordsorphrasesbelow.(10%)customarystemfromsavefrompersistentinstrument病人連續(xù)高燒使醫(yī)生們感覺(jué)誘惑。登攀者身上系著繩子以防從絕壁摔下來(lái)。顯微鏡這類工具是用來(lái)放大細(xì)小物體的，進(jìn)而令人們簡(jiǎn)單察看它們。禮拜六夜晚出門(mén)就餐是我家的習(xí)慣。正確的決定根源于正確的判斷。.Directions:Translatethefollowingparagraph(s)intoChinese.(15%)Oneoftheprimepurposesofarchitectureistoheightenthedramaofliving.Therefore,architecturemustprovidedifferentiatedspacesfordifferentactivities,anditmustarticulatetheminsuchawaythattheemotionalcontentoftheparticularactoflivingwhichtakesplaceinthemisreinforced.Lifeisacontinuousflowofexperience;eachactormomentoftimeisprecededbyapreviousexperienceandbecomesthethresholdfortheexperiencestocome.Ifweacknowledgethatanobjectiveoflifeistheachievementofacontinuousflowofharmoniousexperiences,thentherelationshipofspacestooneanother,asexperiencedovertime,becomesamajordesign2problem.Whenviewedinthisway,architecturetakesitsplacewiththeartsofpoetryandmusic,inwhichnosinglepartcanbeconsideredexceptinrelationtowhatimmediatelyprecedesorfollowsit..Directions:ReadthroughthefollowingpassagesandchoosethebestanswermarkedA,B,CorD.(30%)Faces,likefingerprints,areunique.Didyoueverwonderhowitispossblieforustorecognizepeople?Evenaskilledwriterprobablycouldnotdescribeallthefeaturesthatmakeonefacedifferentfromanother.Yetaveryyoungchild—orevenananimal,suchasapigeoncanlearntorecognizefaces.Wealltakethisabilityforgranted.Wealsotellpeopleapartbyhowtheybehave.Whenwetalkaboutsomeone’spersonality,wemeanthewaysinwhichheorsheacts,speaks,thinksandfeelsthatmakethatindividualdifferentfromothers.Likethehumanface,humanpersonalityisverycomplex.Butdescribingsomeone’spersonalityinwordsissomewhateasierthandescribinghisface.Ifyouwereaskedtodescribewhata“niceface”lookedlike,youprobablywouldhaveadiffculttimedoingso.Butifyouwereaskedtodescriblea“niceperson,”youmightbegintothinkaboutsomeonewhowaskind,considerate,friendly,warm,andsoforth.Therearemanywordstodescribehowapersonthinks,feelsandacts.Gordonallports,anAmericanpsychologist,foundnearly18000Englishwordscharacterizingdifferencesinpeople’sbehavior.Andmanyofususethisinformationasabasisfordescribing,ortyping,hispersonality.Bookworms,conservatives,militarytypes-peoplearedescribedwithsuchterms.Peoplehavealwaystriedto“type”eachother.ActorsinearlyGreekdramaworemaskstoshowtheaudiencewhethertheyplayedthevillain’s(歹人)orthehero’srole.Infact,thewords“person”and“personality”comefromtheLatinpersona,meaning“mask”.Today,mosttelevisionandmovieactorsdonotwearmasks.Butwecaneasilytellthe“goodguys”fromthe“badguys”becausethetwotypesdifferinappearanceaswellasinactions.Themainideaofthispassageis______.howtodistinguishpeople’sfaceshowtodescribepeople’spersonalityhowtodistinguishpeoplebothinwardandoutwardhowtodiffergoodpersonsfrombadpersonsTheauthorismostprobablya______.A.behavioristB.psychologistC.writerD.sociologistWhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?______.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentpersonalities.Peopledifferfromeachinappearance.Peoplecanlearntorecognizefaces.Peoplecandescribeallthefeaturesofothers.Thereasonwhyitiseasiertodescribeaperson’spersonalityinwordsthanhisfaceisthat3______.A.aperson’sfaceismorecomplexthanhispersonalityB.aperson’spersonalityiseasilydistinguishedC.people’spersonalitiesareveryalikeD.manywordsareavailablewhenpeopletrytodescribeone’spersonalityWelearnfromthepassagethatpeopleclassifyapersonintocertaintypeaccordingto______.hiswayofactingandthinkinghiswayofspeakingandbehavinghislearningandbehaviorhisphysicalappearanceandhispersonalityAmysterious“blackcloud”approachestheearth－ourplanet’sweatherisseverelyaffected.ThroughouttherestofJuneandJulytemperaturesrosesteadilyallovertheEarth.IntheBritishislesthetemperatureclimbedthroughtheeighties,intothenineties,andmovedtowardsthehundredmark.Peoplecomplained,buttherewasnoseriousdisaster.ThedeathnumberintheU.S.remainedquitesmall,thankslargelytotheair-conditioningunitsthathadbeenfittedduringpreviousyearsandmonths.Temperaturesrosetothelimitofhumanendurancethroughoutthewholecountryandpeoplewereobligedtoremainindoorsforweeksonend.Occasionallyair-conditioningunitsfailedanditwasthenthatfatalitiesoccurred.Conditionswereutterlydesperatethroughoutthetropics(熱帶地域)asmaybejudgedfromthefactthat7943speciesofplantsandanimalsbecametotallyextinct.ThesurvivalofManhimselfwasonlypossiblebecauseofthecavesandcellars(地窖)hewasabletodig.Nothingcouldbedonetoreducethehotairtemperature.Morethansevenhundredmillionpersonsareknowntohavelosttheirlives.Eventuallythetemperatureofthesurfacewatersofthesearose,notsofastastheairtemperatureitistrue,butfastenoughtoproduceadangerousincreaseofhumidity(濕度).Itwasindeedthisincreasethatproducedthedisastrousconditionsjustremarked.MillionsofpeoplebetweenthelatitudesofCairoandtheCapeofGoodHopeweresubjectedtoachokingatmospherethatgrewdamperandhotterfromdaytoday.Allhumanmovementceased.Therewasnothingtobedonebuttoliebreathingquicklyasadogdoesinhotweather.BythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicslaybalancedbetweenlifeandtotaldeath.Thenquitesuddenlyraincloudsappearedoverthewholeglobe.Thetemperaturedeclinedalittle,duenodoubttothecloudsreflectingmoreoftheSun’sradiationbackintospace.Butconditionscouldnotbesaidtohaveimproved.Warmrainfelleverywhere,evenasfarnorthasIceland.Theinsectpopulationincreasedenormously,sincetheburninghotatmospherewasasfavorabletothemasitwasunfavorabletoManmanyotheranimals.6.IntheBritishIslesthetemperature______.A.stayedateightyB.rangedfromeightytoninetyC.approachedonehundredD.exceededthehundredmark4FewpeopleintheUnitedStateslosttheirlivesbecause______.thetemperaturewastolerablepeopleremainedindoorsforweeksthegovernmenthadtakeneffectivemeasurestoreducethehottemperatureD.peoplewereprovidedwiththemostcomfortableair-conditioners8.MillionsofpeopleinCairo(開(kāi)羅)andtheCapeofGoodHope(好望角)weresubjectedtoachokingatmospherebecause______.A.thetemperaturegrewextremelyhotB.thetemperaturebecamedamperandhotterasthehumidityofthesurfacewatersoftheseaincreasedC.theirconditionsweretoodangerousD.nothingcouldbedonewiththehottemperatureBythefourthweekofJulyconditionsinthetropicsweresuchthat______.humansurvivalwouldbeimpossiblemoreandmorepeoplewouldlosetheirlivesfewerpeoplecouldbesavedsurvivalordeathwasstillundecidedTheinsectpopulationincreaseddueto______.A.thehotairB.thetropicalclimateC.theraincloudsD.thedampatmosphereUndercertaincircumstances,thehumanbodymustcopewithgasesatgreaterthannormalatmosphericpressure.Forexample,gaspressuresincreaserapidlyduringadivemadewithscubagearbecausethebreathingequipmentallowsdiverstostayunderwaterlongeranddivedeeper.Thepressureexertedonthehumanbodyincreasesby1atmosphereforevery10metersofdepthinseawater,sothatat30metersinseawateradiverisexposedtoapressureofabout4atmospheres.Thepressureofthegasesbeingbreathedmustequaltheexternalpressureappliedtothebody,otherwisebreathingisverydifficult.Thereforeallofthegasesintheairbreathedbyascubadiverat40metersarepresentatfivetimestheirusualpressure.Nitrogen,whichcomposes80percentoftheairwebreathe,usuallycausesabalmyfeelingofwellbeingatthispressure.Atadepthof5atmospheres,nitrogencausessymptomsresemblingalcoholintoxication,knownasnitrogennarcosis.Nitrogennarcosisapparentlyresultsfromadirecteffectonthebrainofthelargeamountsofnitrogencauseunderthesepressuresheliumdoesnotexertasimilarnarcoticeffect.Asascubadiverdescends,thepressureofnitrogeninthelungsincreases.Nitrogenthendiffusesfromthelungstotheblood,andfromthebloodtobodytissues.Thereverseoccurswhenthediversurfaces;thenitrogenpressureinthelungsfallsandthenitrogendiffusesfromthetissuesintotheblood,andfromthebloodintothelungs.Ifthereturntothesurfaceistoorapid,nitrogeninthetissuesandbloodcannotdiffuseoutrepidlyenoughandnitrogenbubblesareformed.They5cancauseseverepains,particularlyaroundthejoints.Anothercomplicationmayresultifthebreathisheldduringascent.Duringascentfromadepthof10mete