2020年高考英語(yǔ)32閱讀理解專題強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練二十二解析版

2020高考英語(yǔ)【閱讀理解】專題加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練二十二Test1Followingthecrowdmaynotalwaysbeinaperson'sbestinterest.Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.Scientistshaveknownthatclosefriendshipshelpboosthealth.That'strueforbothteensandadults.ThefindinginspiredJosephAllen,apsychologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andhisteamtostudywhetherexperiencesduringteenyearswouldinfluenceadulthealth.Sotheyfollowed171teens,startingwhenthekidswerejust13.Theyinterviewedeachoneeveryyearforfiveyears,andalsospoketotheseteens'closestfriends,whoprovidedadditionalinformationaboutthequalityoftheirfriendships.Thesame171peoplewereinterviewedagainatages25,26and27.Thistime,thequestionssurveyedeachperson'soverallhealth.Whentheresearchersanalyzedthedata,theyfoundastrongconnectionbetweenateen'sbehaviorandadulthealth.Teenswhohadclosefriendsgrewuptobethehealthieradults.Whetherteensheldbacktheirfeelingsorexpressedthemtoclosefriendsalsoinfluencedlaterhealth.Thosewhoheldbacktheirfeelingsweremorelikelytobesickasadults.Theconnectionheldupevenafterthescientistsaccountedforotherpossibleinfluencesonhealth.Weight,familyincomeanddrugusewereallexamined.Sowerementalhealthissues，suchasanxietyanddepression.Andinthesepeople,suchotherfactorsdidnotexplainadulthealthaswellasteenfriendshipsdid.“Gettingalongwiththecrowdmayhavebenefits，”saysAllen,“buttherearealsodrawbacks.Teenswhoaremoreindependenttendtodobetteratschoolandwork.Andpeerpressuremayleadsomekidstoengageinriskybehavior,suchassmoking,drinkingorusingdrugs.Dealingwithitisanongoingchallenge，”Allenacknowledges.“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn'tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”And,headds,“Parentsneedtobeunderstandingaboutthepressuresteensface.”1．Wherecanyouprobablyreadthispassage?A．Sciencefiction.B．Healthcolumn.C．Fashionmagazine.D．Entertainmentnewspaper.2．WecanlearnfromAllen'sstudythat

．A．manyotherfactorshaveagreaterinfluenceonadulthealththanteenfriendshipsB．mentalhealthissueshavenothingtodowithadulthealthC．thesame171teenswereinterviewedeachyearfrom13to27D．theteenswhocouldn'texpressthemselvesgrewuptobeunhealthier3．AccordingtowhatAllensaid,wecanknowthat．A．inordertodobetteratschool,teensshouldnotfollowthecrowdthoughit'schallengingforteenstodealwithpeerpressure,theyshouldnotgiveup．B．C．teenswillengageinsmoking,drinkingorusingdrugswhenfacingpeerpressureD．parentsshouldunderstandtheirteensandstopthemgoingwithfriends4．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Thereisnothingbadforteenstofollowthecrowd.B．Closefriendshipsarethemostimportantforpeople'shealth.C．Teenfriendshipsmayhelpteensbecomehealthieradults.D．Adulthealthisonlyinfluencedbyteenfriendships.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】研究表示，與朋友較少或許沒(méi)有朋友的青少年比較，有朋友的青少年在長(zhǎng)大后更健康。自然，與朋友相處有時(shí)也有缺點(diǎn)。B解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹青少年時(shí)的友情對(duì)青少年景年后健康的影響。據(jù)此可知，本文屬于健康知識(shí)類文章，故可判斷，本文可能選自“健康專欄”。故

B項(xiàng)正確。2.D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Whetherteensheldback...sickasadults.”可知，青少年能否向他們的好朋友表達(dá)感情也會(huì)影響到其成年后的健康，那些壓迫感情的青少年景年后很可能不健康。故D項(xiàng)正確。B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，與朋友相處使得青少年在成年后更為健康的同時(shí)也會(huì)帶來(lái)不利影響，即四周同齡人帶來(lái)的壓力，這些壓力會(huì)致使很多問(wèn)題。解析Allen的話“Findingtherightbalanceisthekey.Teensshouldn'tloseheartfornotfindingthiseasy.”可以判斷，青少年要應(yīng)付這些壓力，找到正確的平衡點(diǎn)是重點(diǎn)，不可以由于很難找到平衡點(diǎn)就心灰意冷。故B項(xiàng)正確。4.C解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Butnewresearchsuggeststhatteenswhogetalongwiththeirfriendsmayenduphealthierasadults.”可知，與朋友相處的青少年在成年后會(huì)更為健康。C項(xiàng)意為“青少年期間的友情會(huì)幫助青少年景為更為健康的成年人”，符合文章意思。故C項(xiàng)正確。Test2BornintheStateofNewYorkonMay14th,1984,MarkZuckerbergwasaninstantsuccess.Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.ItearnedhimadmissiontoHarvardUniversity.Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsitecalledFacemashintheuniversity--aninstantlycontroversialwebsitethatencouragedstudentstorateeachotherbasedonappearance.Thesitewascontroversialforseveralreasons.Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.Thesecondwasitscontroversialnature--noteverystudentlikesbeingrankedbasedontheirappearance.Thethirdwasitshugeresourceuse--whileitwashostedonHarvardservers,itwasthemostpopularpageintheuniversity'sentirenetwork.Zuckerbergwassoonforcedtoshutthesitedown,butitspopularityandcontroversyhadmadehimconsideritsfuturepotential.HesoonturnedthesimplesiteintoapersonaloneforHarvardstudents,encouragingthemtonetworkwiththeirpeersatthecollege.Itwasthen,togetherwithhistwofriends,thattheylaunched“ThespreadtoothercollegesandgrewintoapublicservicethatanyonecouldaccessinFacebook”,whichimmediatelytheUnitedStates,whethertonetworkwithfriendsandfamily,ortoplaygames.Thecompanyhasbeencriticizedfrequently,nevertheless,Zuckerberghasremainedtruetohisinitialvision--tocreateawebsitethattheentireworldcanusetocommunicateopenlyandeasilywithoneanotherandtokeeptheuserexperiencecleanandpure.Theendresultisoneoftheworld'sbiggestonlinebusinesses.Althoughitstruevalueisdebatable,it'ssafetosaythatFacebook,anditscreatorMarkZuckerberg,aretwoofthetwenty-firstcentury'smostinfluential,controversial,andpotentiallypowerfulfigures.1．WhatcanweknowaboutMarkZuckerbergwhenhewasastudent?A．Hewasoftenpraisedbyteachersforthewebsitehecreated.B．Hehadgoodacademicperformance.C．HealonecreatedawebsitecalledFacebook.D．Heencouragedstudentstosetupbusinesslikehim.2.WhydidZuckerbergshutthesitedown?A．Becausehiswebsitewasnotpopular.B．Becausehewasdoubtedforthewayheusedphotographs.C．Becauseheneededtimetoreconsiderhischoice.D．BecausehestoleresourceonHarvardserver.3．WhichwordscanbestdescribeZuckerberg?A．Easy-goingandsmart.B．Quietandshy.C．Talentedandoutgoing.D．Rebelliousandcreative.4．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．MarkZuckerbergandHisFacebookB．TheFoundationofFacebookC．ATalentfromHarvardUniversityD．TheDevelopmentofFacebook【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記述文。文章主要介紹了Facebook網(wǎng)站的首創(chuàng)人Zuckerberg創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站的過(guò)程以及他努力戰(zhàn)勝所遇困難的故事。1．B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第二句“Inhishighschoolyears,hewasconsideredoneoftopstudentsintheclass,beforemovingintothearts,sciences,andliterature,againpickinguphighmarksandreceivingacademicpraise.”可知，

MarkZuckerberg

在學(xué)生期間就有優(yōu)秀的學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)。故B項(xiàng)正確。2.B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第二句“Thefirstwasitsillegaluseofphotographs,whichtheuniversityandstudentstookissuewith.”可知，他封閉該網(wǎng)站的第一個(gè)要素就是照片的非法使用。故B項(xiàng)正確。3．D

解析：推理判斷題。依據(jù)第二段中的“

Asarebelliousyetrelativelyquietstudent,hecreatedawebsite是一個(gè)反叛的學(xué)生，

而且在學(xué)生期間就創(chuàng)立了網(wǎng)站。

由此

Zuckerberg

可知，calledFacemashintheuniversity”可推知，Zuckerberg

是反叛的和有創(chuàng)立性的。故

D項(xiàng)正確。4．A解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了Zuckerberg的困難以及他努力戰(zhàn)勝所遇困難的過(guò)程，A項(xiàng)合適作本文的標(biāo)題。故Test3

在創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站的過(guò)程中碰到A項(xiàng)正確。Scientistshaverecreateda1985studyofbirdsinPeruthatshowsclimatechangeispushingthemfromtheirnaturalenvironment.Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.In2017,researcherslookedagainatthebirdpopulations.Theyfoundthatalmostallhadmovedtohigherplacesinthemountain.Almostallhaddecreasedinsize.And,thescientistssayatleasteightbirdgroupsthatstartedatthehigherelevations(高地)haddiedoutcompletely.Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.Orchangestofoodsourcesmayhaveforcedthemtogohigher.Thefindingswerepublishedinasciencejournal.The1985researchhasdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevationinreactiontowarmingtemperatures.MarkUrban,abiologistatauniversity,saidthisrecentstudywasthefirsttoprovethatrisingtemperaturesandmovingtoavoidthemcanleadtoextinction.In2016,Fitzpatrick,directorandaco-writerofthestudypassedhisnotes,photosandotherrecordstoBenjaminFreeman.Freemanhasbeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.HesetoutinAugustandSeptemberof2017tocopyFitzpatrick'sstudy.Histeamusedthesamemethods,searchingthesameplacesinthesametimeofyear.Freeman'steamwantedtoseehowthingshadchangedforthebirdgroupssince1985.Theaveragetemperaturesonthemountainhadrisen0.42degreesCelsius.Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.Freemansaidthatthebirdsmovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.Hebelievesthattemperatureisthemaincauseofthebirds'movement.Fitzpatricknotedthatbirdsusedtolivinginareaswithlittletemperaturechangemaybeespeciallyatriskbecauseofclimatechange.Hesaid,“Weshouldexpectthatwhat'shappeningonthismountaintopishappeningmoregenerallyintheAndes,andothertropicalmountainranges.”1．HowmanykindsofbirdslivedinPeru30yearsago?A．Atleasteightbirdgroups.B．Morethan400.C．Overeightbirdgroups.D．Lessthan400.2．Whydidthebirdsmoveupthemountain?A．Toavoidtemperaturechanges.B．Tofindmorefoodsources.C．Toadapttoextremetemperature.D．Toreacttotheincreaseofotherkindsofanimals.HowdidFreemanandhisteamrecordthesoundofbirdsnoteasilybeingseen?．3．A．Theyhadthetemperaturerise0.42degreesCelsius.B．Theymovedanaverageof98metersfurtherupthemountain.C．Theyplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountain.D．Theykeptonlisteningtothesoundhappeningonthismountaintop.4．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Twoteamsusedthesamemethodstodoresearches.B．Scientistsdocumentedbirdsandotheranimalsmovingupinelevation.C．Scientistshavebeenresearchingtropicalbirdsformorethan10years.D．RisingtemperaturecausessomebirdsinPerutobecomeextinct.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，溫度上漲會(huì)讓鳥(niǎo)類向海拔更高的地方遷移，而這會(huì)致使鳥(niǎo)類的滅絕。1．B解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第二句“Thirtyyearsago,researchersstudiedover400kindsofbirdslivingonamountainsideinPeru.”可知，在三十年前，有400多種鳥(niǎo)類生活在秘魯。故正確答案為B。2．A解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第二段第一句“Theresearcherssaythebirdsmighthavemovedupthemountainbecauseoftemperaturechanges.”可知，它們是為了避開(kāi)溫度的變化。故正確答案為A。3．C解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最后一句“Histeamplaced20soundrecordingdevicesonthemountaintorecordthesoundsofbirdsthatmightnoteasilybeseen.”可知，他們是經(jīng)過(guò)在山上放置20個(gè)錄音設(shè)施來(lái)記錄那些不簡(jiǎn)單被看見(jiàn)的鳥(niǎo)類的聲音的。故正確答案為C。4．D解析：要旨馬虎題。依據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究成就，即溫度上漲會(huì)讓鳥(niǎo)類向海拔更高的地方遷移，而這會(huì)致使鳥(niǎo)類的滅絕。D項(xiàng)表現(xiàn)了這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果，

歸納了本文的主要內(nèi)容。故正確答案為

D。Test4Areyouaprocrastinator(遲延者)?It'sacommonproblem.Anditcanbeharmful,aspreviousresearchhasshownthatpeoplewhoprocrastinatehavehigherlevelsofstressandlowerwell-being,reportedtheAssociationforPsychologicalScienceintheUS.Butanewstudyhasfoundawaytodealwiththisproblem:Bemoreconnectedtoyourfutureself.Psychologiststhinkthateachpersonbelievesthattheyarereallytwopeople：“PresentMe”and“FutureMe”.“Peopleactasiftheyprefertheircurrentselves'needsanddesirestothoseoftheirfutureselves,”wrotepsychologistsNeilLewisandDaphnaOyserman.OysermanandLewisdecidedtotrytofindawaytomake“PresentMe”imagineexactlyhow“FutureMe”wouldfeelthenightbeforeabigpaperwasdue,though“PresentMe”hadn'tstartedyet.Theymade“PresentMe”thinkaboutafar-offeventanumberofdaysaway,notmonthsoryears.Thinkingabouteventsinthiswaymeantthatsomethinglikeafriend'sweddingseemed16.3dayssoonerwhenconsideredindaysratherthanmonthsand11.4monthssoonerwhenconsideredinmonthsratherthanyears.Theresearchersalsotriedtofindoutwhetherpeoplewouldtakeactionsooneriftheyweretoldacertaineventwashappeninginseveraldaysratherthanyears.Forexample,participantsimaginedtheyhadanewbornchild,andthatthechildwouldneedtogotocollegeineither18yearsor6，570days.Theresearchersfoundthoseinthe“days”conditionplannedtostartsavingfourtimessoonerthanthoseinthe“years”condition.Soifyouthinkofyourlifeindaysinsteadofyears,youmaygetthingsdonequicker.1．WhatdidOysermanandLewisintendtodothroughtheirstudy?A．Toworkonasolutiontotestifsomeoneisaprocrastinator.B．Tofindoutwhetherhumanbeingsusuallyhavetwodifferentcharacters.C．Todiscoverprocrastinator