朝陽(yáng)區(qū)2019屆高三一模英語(yǔ)試題

北京市旭日區(qū)高三年級(jí)第一次綜合練習(xí)英語(yǔ)學(xué)科測(cè)試（考試時(shí)間100分鐘滿分120分)第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每題分,共15分）閱讀以下短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適合的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。AJohnCarterwasrescuedfromtheseanearhisholidayhomeyesterday.Theaccidenthappenedwhilehe__1__(walk)alongasteepcliffattheedgeofthesea.Hewasblownoffbyastrongwindand__2__(fall)intothesea,30metersbelow.Luckily,awomansawhimintheseasoonafterwardsandshecalledthepolicerescueservice.Mr.Carterwastakentohospitalwitha__3__(break)arm.“I’mveryluckytobealive,”hesaid.“Ican’tthankthewomanenough.”BManyelephantscanpaint.Infact,elephantsinzoossometimesdrawontheground__4__astick.Seeingthis,sometrainersteachtheelephants__5__theycanholdpaintbrushes,andencouragethemtochoosecolorsandpaint.Ofcourse,noteverypaintingisgood.Justlikehumans,onlysomeelephantsareverycreative.Now,anonlinegallerysellspaintingsbytheseelephantartists.Bydoingthis,thegalleryhopestoearnmoney__6__(protect)elephants.CGoldenGateParkisinSanFrancisco,California.Itisoneofthelargesturban__7__(park)intheUnitedStates.Overonemillioncolorfulflowers,treesandotherplantsgrowinthepark.Butoriginallymostofthepark__8__(cover)insand.Afteralotofwork,itwasfinallybuiltin1870.Today,therearemanypeople__9__(visit)theparkeveryday.Theyplaybasketball,soccer,golfandmanyothersportsthere.Theparkisclosedinmanyplacestotrafficsopeoplecanwalk,cycle,orskate__10__(free).第二節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每題分，共30分）閱讀下邊短文，掌握其馬虎，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡大將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AGameofLightandShadeItwasasunnyday.Ihadgoneupanddownthetowerwhen,outsidethedooratthefoot,ablindmancametowardme.Inamoment,hedisappearedupthestairs.Ilookedatthesignthatsaid“TotheTower”,anddecidedto__11__him.Icaughtupwithhimintheticketoffice.ThereIwas__12__toseetheattendant(工作人員)sellinghimaticketasifhewereanyothervisitor.Then,withtheticketinonehandand__13__thewallwiththefingersoftheother,theblindmanreachedthestairs__14__tothehallway.“Thatmanisblind.Whatwouldablindmanclimbupthetowerfor?”Isaidtotheattendant,expectinghimtoshowsome__15__,buthedidn’tanswer.“Notthe__16__certainly,”Isaid.“Perhapshewantsto__17__.”Iboughtaticketand__18__upthestairs.Themanhadn’tgoneasfarasI__19__.Athirdofthewayupthetower,Iheardhis__20__.Isloweddownandfollowedhimatalittle__21__.Hestoppedfromtimetotime.Whenhegottothebalcony(天臺(tái)),Iwasadozensteps__22__.AsIreachedit,Isawhimatthecornerofthetower.Atlast,aftertenminutes,I__23__him.“Excuseme,”IsaidaspolitelyasIcould,“butIamcurioustoknow__24__youcameup.”Hesmiled.“Comingupthestairs,youwillnoticehownotjustlightbutsun__25__intothetowerthroughthenarrowwindowshereandthere,sothatyoucanfeelthe__26__—thecoolstairssuddenlybecomequitewarm—andhowupherebehindthewallthereis__27__,butassoonasgoingoppositeawindowyoucanfindthesun.Thereisno__28__sogoodasthisforfeelingthedifferencebetweenlightandshade.ItisnotthefirsttimeI’vecomeup.”Theblindmanseemedquite__29__,justlikeachildwhowasenjoyinghisfavoritegames.Hetoldmethetruththatblindmencanalsofindthebeautyinlife__30__theycannotenjoythesightsoftheworld.11.A.acceptB.followC.controlD.visit12.A.frightenedB.disappointedC.surprisedD.embarrassed13.A.touchingB.climbingC.hittingD.covering14.A.pointingB.attachingC.contributingD.leading15.A.respectB.doubtC.concernD.sympathy16.A.viewB.testC.prizeD.trick17.A.kickB.jumpC.relaxD.escape18.A.struggledB.exploredC.wanderedD.hurried19.A.promisedB.examinedC.imaginedD.confirmed20.A.stepsB.wordsC.secretsD.cheers21.A.standardB.distanceC.expenseD.intention22.A.aheadB.aroundC.outsideD.behind23.A.recognizedB.surroundedC.approachedD.witnessed24.A.whyB.howC.whenD.whether25.A.knocksB.poursC.slidesD.bursts26.A.trendB.reactionC.changeD.honor27.A.lightB.spaceC.messD.shade28.A.placeB.signalC.objectD.period29.A.nervousB.contentC.curiousD.patient30.A.unlessB.becauseC.onceD.although第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每題2分，共30分）閱讀以下短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最正確選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AGetInvolved!MakeaDonation!Sowhatisrewilding?Imagineournaturalhomesgrowinginsteadofshrinking.Imaginespecies(物種)diversifyinginsteadofdeclining.That’srewilding.Rewildingisecologicalrestoration.Rewildingoffershopeforwildlife,humansandtheplanet.Whyisrewildingimportantandnecessary?●Ournaturalecologyisbroken.Theplaceswhereyouwouldexpectwildlifetoexisthavebeenreducedtowetdeserts.Theseabedhasbeendestroyedandtherehavebeennolivingcreaturesanymore.●Ourwildlifeisdisappearing.Manywonderfulspecieshavedeclinedoverthepastcentury.We’velostmoreofourlargeanimalsthananyEuropeancountry.●Weneedkeystonespecies.Thesevitalspecies,includingtoppredators(食肉動(dòng)物),driveecologicalprocesses.Theirlosshasworsenedourlivingsystems.●Naturelooksafterus.Goodnaturalecologycanprovideuswithcleanairandwater,preventfloodingandstorecarbon.Rewildingcanleavetheworldinabetterstatethanitistoday.Whatarechallenges?Asalong-termproject,our“rewildingbritain”hasitschallenges.Manypeoplearenotinterested,becausewehavegotusedtothelackofnativeforests.Manyfarmersopposetheidea.Theythoughtitacrazyideatobringbackpredatorsbecausetheywouldstartkillingfarmanimals.Ittakestimetoeducatethem.

Aboveall,weneedmoney!Soweneedyourhelp!Openupnewchancesforrewildingandpushforchange.Developtoolstoeducate,influenceandspreadtheword.Thanksforyoursupport.Whichofthefollowingistheresultofrewilding?A.Speciesbecomevarious.B.Alotofanimalsdisappear.C.Environmentsaredestroyed.D.Naturaldisastershappenregularly.32.Accordingtothepassage,oneofthechallengesatpresentis______.A.people’sdoubtsB.alackofvolunteersC.ashortageoftimeD.farmers’disagreementWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?Tointroduceanewproject.Tocallonpeopletogivemoney.Towarnpeopleofthenaturalecology.Toconvincepeopletochangetheirmind.BFlyingHighBarringtonIrvingmadehishistoricflightandfoundedaneducationalnon-profit-makingorganization.Hismessageforkids:“Theonlythingthatseparatesyoufromscientistsisdetermination,hardworkandastronglikingforwhatyouwanttoachieve.”Thesecret,hebelieves,ishavingadreaminthefirstplace,andthatstartswithlearningexperiencesthatinspirekidstobuildcareers.ThemomentofinspirationforIrvingcameattheageof15inhisparents’bookstore.Onecustomer,aprofessionalpilot,askedIrvingifhe’dthoughtaboutbecomingapilot.“ItoldhimIdidn’tthinkIwassmartenough;butthenextdayhetookmetothecockpit(駕駛艙)ofthecommercialairplaneheflew,andjustlikethatIwashooked.”Tofollowhisdream,IrvingturneddownafootballscholarshiptotheUniversityofFlorida.Hewashedairplanestoearnmoneyforaflightschoolandincreasedhisflyingskillsbypractisingathomeona$40flightsimulator(模擬)videogame.Thenanotherdreamtookhold:flyingalonearoundtheworld.Hefacedmorethan50rejectionsforsponsorshipbeforeconvincingsomecompaniestodonateaircraftcomponents.Hetookoffwithnoweatherradar,node-icingsystem,andjust$30inhispocket.“IliketodothingspeoplesayIcan’tdo.”After97days,26stopsanddozensofthunderstorms,hetoucheddowntoacheeringcrowdinMiami.“Itwasseeingsomanyyoungpeoplewatchingandlisteningthatpushedmeintogivingbackwithmyknowledgeandexperience.”Irvinghasbeendoingiteversince.Hesetuphisnon-profit-makingorganization,ExperienceAviation(航空),aimingtoincreasethenumbersofyouthinaviationandscience-relatedcareers.Kidsattendprogrammesdealingwithhands-onroboticsprojectsandflightsimulatorchallenges.“Wewanttocreatechancesforstudentstoaccomplishsomethingamazing,”henotes.PerhapsIrving’smostpowerfuleducationaltoolistheexamplehisownlifeprovides.Afterlandinghisrecord-breakingflightatage23,hesaid,“EveryonetoldmeIwastooyoung,thatIdidn’thaveenoughexperience,strength,orknowledge.TheytoldmeitwouldtakeforeverandI’dnevercomehome.Well...guesswhat?”AccordingtoIrving,whatisthemostimportantinachievingsuccess?Meetingpeoplewhoprovideunexpectedhelp.Gettingachancetostudytechnicalknowledge.Havingsomethingspecificthatyouwanttoaccomplish.Developingcommunicationwithdifferentorganizations.WhatIrvingrepliedtothepilotinthebookstoresuggestedthat______.hefeltembarrassedtorefusetheofferhewasdoubtfulabouthisownabilitiesheknewhiseffortswouldberewardedherealizedimmediatelyhowluckyhewasWhatcanwelearnaboutIrvinginParagraph3?Hechosetoreducehisbudgetaslowaspossible.Hewasfinallygivenenoughmoneytokeepgoing.Hegotthemostusefulflyingtipsfromhisvideogame.Hetookonafurtherchallengeafterheknewhowtofly.Irvingsetuphisnon-profit-makingorganizationbecause______.hehopedtobecomeapublicfigureheexpectedtostartabusinessinotherfieldshesawtherewasgreatinterestinwhathewasdoinghethoughthecouldteachmorethanflightschoolscouldCTrainingtheBrainPeoplewhocanaccomplishunbelievabletasks,suchasmemorizingthousandsofrandomnumbersinunderanhour,statethattheyjusthavenormalbrains.SomememorysuperstarscompeteinOlympic-likeWorldMemoryChampionships.Thesementalathletes,orMAsforshort,canmemorizenamesofdozensofstrangersinafewminutesoranypoemhandedthem.EdCooke,a24-year-oldMA,explainstheyseethemselvesasparticipantsrescuingthelong-lostartofmemorytraining.Thesetechniquesexistednottorecalluselessinformation,buttocutintothebrainbasictextandideas.AstudyinthejournalNatureexaminedeightpeoplewhofinishednearthetopoftheWorldMemoryChampionships.Thescientistsexaminedwhethertheirbrainswerefundamentallydifferentfromeveryoneelse’sorwhethertheyweresimplymakingbetteruseofmemorizingabilitiesweallpossess.TheyputtheMAsandcontrolsubjectsintobrainscannersandhadthemmemorizenumbersandphotographs.Theresultsurprisedeveryone.ThebrainsoftheMAsandthoseofthecontrolsubjectswereindistinguishable.Oneverytest,theMAsscoredinthenormalrange.However,whenthescientistsexaminedwhatpartofthebrainwasusedduringamemoryactivity,theyfoundtheMAsreliedmoreheavilyonareasinthebraininvolvedinspatialmemory.MAsofferanexplanation:anythingcanbefixeduponourmemoriesandkeptinorderbyconstructingabuildingintheimaginationandfillingitwithpicturesofwhatneedstoberecalled.Datingbacktothefifthcentury,thebuildingiscalledamemorypalace.Evenaslateasthefourteenthcentury,whentherewerecopiesofanytext,scholarsneededtorememberwhatwasreadtothem.Readingtorememberrequiresadifferenttechniquethanspeedreading.Ifsomethingismadememorable,ithastoberepeated.Untilrelativelyrecently,peoplereadonlyafewbooksintensively(仔細(xì)地)againandagain,usuallyaloud.Todaywereadextensively,usuallyonlyonceandwithoutcontinuousfocus.Sothegreatdifferenceistheabilitytocreateimpressivepicturesinmindandtodoitquickly.Usingmemorypalaces,MAscreatememorizedpictures.Forexample,recombinethepicturestoformunforgettablescenessuchasthewaysthroughatown.Onecompetitorusedhisownbodypartstohelphimmemorizea57,000-worddictionary.Anyonewhowishestotrainthemindneedsfirsttocreatefantasticalpalacesintheimagination.Thentheyshouldcuteachbuildingintocubbyholesformemories.Inashortamountoftime,theywillnoticeimprovementwithrememberingthings.Tokeeptheskillsharp,MAsdeliberatelyemptytheirpalacesaftercompetitions,sotheycanreusethemandtheyrecommendthatbeginnersdothesame.WecanlearnfromParagraph2thatamentalathlete______.ownsabrainthatislargerinsizeshowsagiftinmentalabilitytestsusesthememorizingtechniquebetterdependslessontheareasthatcontrolspatialmemoryWhydoestheauthormention“speedreading”inParagraph3?Todiscussthememorizingtechniqueinthefifthcentury.Togivethereasonwhypeoplereadonlyafewbookscarefully.Toexplainthetextfourteenthcenturyscholarshadtoremember.Tocomparethetypeofreadingnowadayswiththatofearliertimes.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?Thereisavarietyofunforgettablescenes.Memorypalacescanbequicklyforgotten.Impressivepicturesareinactualbuildings.Onepersonprobablyhas57,000bodyparts.41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cubbyholes”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Smallspaces.B.Blacksholes.C.Technicalskills.D.Differentnumbers.DEarlyorLaterDayCareManyyoungparentsareconfusedaboutwhethertheirchildrenshouldhaveearlydaycare,andtherehavealwaysbeendifferentviewsonthissubject.TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbybelievesthatseparationfromparentsduringthesensitive“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild’spersonalityandleadtopsychologicalproblemsinlaterlife.SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby’sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforethreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitcauses,andmanypeopledobelievethis.AccordingtoBowlby,agreatdealofpsychologicalharmcanoccurwhenyoungchildrenareseparatedfromtheirparents.Iftheyareleftwithouttouchforawhile,theywillhaveahigherstresslevel.Parents’influenceontheirchildren’swell-beingmayneverbegreaterthanduringtheearliestyearsoflife,whenachild’sbrainisdevelopingrapidlyandwhennearlyallofherorhisexperiencesareshapedbyparentsandthefamilyenvironment.However,therearecritics.Someanthropologists(人類學(xué)家)pointoutthattheloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Therehasbeenalonghistoryofthefactthatfatherandmotherdidnotbringuptheirchildrenalone.Plato,around394.,arguedthatasystemofearlychildcarewouldfreewomentoparticipateinsociety.ResultsfromIsraeliandDutchstudiesshowthatchild-raisingdutiesaremoreevenlydistributedamongabroadergroupofpeople.Besides,studieshavereportedthatearlydaycarehasaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.Theylearnthebenefitsofbeingsociallysmart,understandingtheconceptofsharingandcaring.Theypromoteconcentrationskills,whichisveryimportantintheirlearning.Therearegameswherechildrenaretaughtbasiclanguageandmathematicalskillsthroughstoriesandeverydayexamples.Commonsensetellsusthatearlydaycarewouldnotbesowidespreadifchildrenhadproblemswithit.ButBowlby’sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatithasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcaremightleadtomorementalillness15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthreedislikeleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreealmostallchildrenfinditeasytogotothenursery.Thematter,then,isfarfrombeingclearlyknown,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlydaycareisreasonableforyoungchildren.42.Thepassagemainlyargueswhether______.A.childrenoverthreewillacceptschooleducationB.childrenunderthreeshouldbesenttonurseryschoolsC.thefamilyrelationshipisdifferentintraditionalsocietiesD.earlydaycareshouldbetotallyreplacedinmodernsocieties43.WhichofthefollowingsupportsBowlby’stheory?A.Earlydaycarewouldn’tbesopopularifithadnegativeeffects.B.Separationfromparentsforyoungchildreniscommoninhistory.C.Parentsfindtheimmediateeffectsofearlydaycaredifficulttodealwith.D.Studiesshowearlydaycarehasapositiveeffectonchildren’sdevelopment.44.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsearlydaycareisthat______.A.childrenunderthreeshouldstaywiththeirparentsB.ithaspotentialbenefitsforbothchildrenandparentsC.thebadeffectofitonchildrenwilldisappearastheygrowupD.itiscontroversialandthesettlementcallsforistics45.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?A.B.

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statC.D.I:IntroductionP:PointSp:Sub-point(次重點(diǎn))C:Conclusion第二節(jié)（共

5小題；每題

2分，共

10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最正確選項(xiàng)。

選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為節(jié)余選項(xiàng)。CanWeStopFoodLongingThroughImaginaryEating?Areyoufightinganurgetoreachforchocolate?Then,letitmeltinyourmind,notinyourmouth.Accordingtotherecentresearch,imaginingeatingaspecificfoodreducesyourinterestinthatfood,soyoueatlessofit.Thisreactiontorepeatedexposuretofood—beinglessinterestedinsomethingbecauseyou’veexperiencedittoomuch—iscalledhabituation.____46____Theresearchisthefirsttoshowthathabituationcanoccurthroughthepowerofthemind.“Ifyoujustthinkaboutthefooditself—howittastesandsmells—thatwillincreaseyourappetite,”saidCareyMorewedge,awell-knownpsychologist.“Itmightbebettertoforceyourselftorepeatedlythinkaboutchewingandswallowingthefoodinordertoreduceyourlonging.____47____Visualizingyourselfeatingchocolatewouldn’tpreventyoufromeatinglotsofcheese,”headded.Morewedgeconductedaninterestingexperiment.51subjectsweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupwasaskedtoimagineputting30coinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneatingthreechocolates.____48____Anothergroupwasaskedtoimagineputtingthreecoinsintoalaundrymachineandtheneating30chocolates.Lastly,acontrolgroupimaginedjustputting33coinsintothemachine—withnochocolates.____49____Whentheysaidtheyhadfinished,theseweretakenawayandweighed.Theresultsshowedthegroupthathadimaginedeating30chocolateseachatefewerofthechocolatesthantheothergroups.____50____Physicalsignals—thatfullstomachfeeling—areonlypartofwhattellsuswe’vefinishedameal.Theresearchsuggeststhatpsychologicaleffects,suchashabituation,alsoinfluencehowmuchapersoneats.Itmayleadtonewbehavioraltechniquesforpeoplelookingtoeatmorehealthily,orhavecontroloverotherhabits.A.What’smore,thisonlyworkswiththespecificfoodyou’veimagined.B.Peoplewereadvisedtotrydifferentmethodstoperformtheexperiment.C.Forexample,atenthbiteisdesiredlessthanthefirstbite,accordingtothestudy.D.Allofthemthenatefreelyfrombowlscontainingthesameamountofchocolateeach.E.Itmeantthosewhorepeatedlyimaginedeatingwouldconcernaboutsomespecificfood.F.Thisrequiresthesamemotorskillsaseatingsmallchocolatesfromapacket,thestudysays.G.Thisstudyispartoftheresearchlookingintowhatmakesuseatmorethanweactuallyneed.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，35分）第一節(jié)（15分）假定你是紅星中學(xué)高三的學(xué)生李華。你班互換生Jim將要參加“學(xué)在中國(guó)”留學(xué)生漢語(yǔ)演講競(jìng)賽，來(lái)信向你咨詢。請(qǐng)你給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包含：介紹一個(gè)演發(fā)言題；說(shuō)明介紹的原因；建議他做哪些準(zhǔn)備工作。注意：1.詞數(shù)好多于50；郵件的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。DearJim,_______________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua（請(qǐng)務(wù)必定作文寫在答題卡指定地區(qū)內(nèi)）第二節(jié)（20分）假定你是紅星中學(xué)高三的學(xué)生李華。請(qǐng)依據(jù)以下四幅圖的先后次序，介紹上個(gè)月你參加學(xué)校組織的“綠色出行，從我做起”活動(dòng)的完好過(guò)程，并以“GreenTravelinMyFamily”為題，給?？坝⒄Z(yǔ)角”寫一篇英文稿件。詞數(shù)好多于60。GreenTravelinMyFamily__________________________________________________________