完整名詞性從句

名詞性從句高考焦點(diǎn)指南在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that,whether,if（不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分）連接代詞：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.連接副詞：when,where,how,why一、主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句叫主語從句。主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether，if和連接代詞what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及連接副詞how，when，where，why等詞引導(dǎo)。that在句中無詞義，只起連接作用，不能省略；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)從句的成分。例如：Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。 、“士Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.誰能贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不得而知。WheretheEnglisheveningwillbeheldhasnotyetbeenannounced.英語晚會(huì)將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。ThatEnglishisdifficultisnotmyidea.有人認(rèn)為英語很難，我可不認(rèn)為Thattheworldisroundisafact.Thatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflightiscommonknowledge.Whetheritwilldousharmremainstobeseen。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished。有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用形式主語it代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主語從句后的謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：（1）It+be+名詞+that從句It+be+形容詞+that從句It+be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句It+不及物動(dòng)詞+that從句Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that???Itisapity(ashame,afactnowonder,etc.)that???Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that???Itseems，happen，etc，thatItisobviousthathedoesn'tunderstandEnglish.ItisafactthattheworldisroundItiscommonknowledgethatthemoonitselfdoesnotgiveofflight.二、賓語從句名詞句用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語動(dòng)詞的賓語。.由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.他已經(jīng)告訴我他明天要去上海。Wemustneverthink(that)wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.我們決不能認(rèn)為自己什么都好，別人什么都不好。.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞弓|導(dǎo)的賓語從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問句，應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。例如： 、、 、Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.我想知道他告訴了你什么。Shealwaysthinksofhowshecanworkwell.她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。Shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport.凡需要幫助的人，她都會(huì)給予熱情的支持。.用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a.引導(dǎo)主語從句并在句首時(shí)；b.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)；c.引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語時(shí)；d.從句后有“ornot”時(shí)；e.后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。例如：Whetherthereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.月球上有沒有生命是個(gè)有趣的問題。Thequestioniswhethersheshouldhavealowopinionofthetest?Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。 、、、Iwonderwhetherhewillcomeornot.我想知道他來還是不來。 aCanyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?你能否告訴我是去還是留？.注意賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。例如：Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過去時(shí)態(tài)(could,would除外)，從句則要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica5.It不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。例如：Wethinkitpossiblethatthepricewillrise.find/make/see/hear/feel/think???+it+adj./n.+that…句型中，it作形式賓語，that引導(dǎo)真正的賓語從句，不能??；三.表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句叫表語從句。引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，可接表語從句的系動(dòng)詞有(be,look,seem,etc),有時(shí)用asif引導(dǎo)。不用if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。例如：Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.事實(shí)是我們已經(jīng)輸了這場(chǎng)比賽。That’sjustwhatIwant.這正是我想要的。Thisiswhereourproblemlies.這就是我們的問題所在。Thatiswhyhedidn’tcometothemeeting.那就是他為什么不到會(huì)的原因。Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.看上去天要下雨了。需要注意的，（1）當(dāng)主語是reason時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如：Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning（2），表示“建議，勸告，命令”含義的名詞后表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用“should+do”，should可以省略。此類詞有：advice，suggestion，order，proposal等。Mysuggestionisthatweshouldstartearlytomorrow四、同位語從句同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise>question、request>suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：Thenewsthatwewonthegameisexciting. 我們贏得這場(chǎng)比賽的消息令人激動(dòng)。 、Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來。ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.他想到可能瑪麗生病了。同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略；that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。Thenewsthattheyhadwonthebattlesoonspreadoverthewholecountry.（同位語從句）Thenewsyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.（定語從句）Iwon'tbelievethefactthatheliedtohismother.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句對(duì)fact的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，that在其中不充當(dāng)具體的句子成分）Iwon’tbelievethefact（that）hetoldme.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句對(duì)fact進(jìn)行限定，that在該從句中充當(dāng)賓語）①ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim.（that引導(dǎo)同位語從句對(duì)news的具體內(nèi)容進(jìn)行說明，that在其中不充當(dāng)具體的句子成分）ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.（句中的第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)定語從句限定先行詞news，第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)表語從句）Thesuggestion（that）heraisedatthemeetingisverygood.（that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）Thesuggestionthatthestudents（should）haveplentyofexerciseisverygood.（that弓［導(dǎo)同位語從句）五、注意幾組易混連詞的使用what與thatthat引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)僅起連接作用，不作句子任何成分，除在賓語從句中外一般不可省略;what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，除起連接作用外，還在句子中擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語等句子成分。而且引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的what在任何情況下都不能省略。例如：Thathewillsucceedisobvious.（引導(dǎo)主語從句的that不在其中充當(dāng)具體的句子成分）Whatshetoldmeisnottrue. （what在其弓I導(dǎo)的主語從句中作賓語）hesaidistrue.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.Whether2）肯定形式的doubt后面通常接whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，否定形式的doubt后面通常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：Idoubtwhetherit'strue.Idoubtifthatwaswhathewanted.Idon'tdoubtthatyouarehonest.專項(xiàng)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)thattheyfoundanunusualplantintheforest.A.ItissaidB.TheyaresaidC.ItsaidD.Itsayscausedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.WhereItworriedMaryalotshewouldpassthecollegeentranceexamination.A.whetherB.ifC.thatD.howShanghaihastakenonanewlook.Itisn’tlikeitusedtobe.A.whatB.howC.thatD.whichisnopossibilityBobwillwinthefirstprizeinthematch.A.There,thatB.It,thatC.There,whetherD.It,whetherLittleTommywasreluctanttotelltheschoolmasterhehaddonethedaybefore.A.thatB.howC.whatD.whereTheoldmansmiledwhenhesawhowprettyuptobeduringthepastfewyears.A.hadhisdaughtergrownB.wouldhisdaughtergrowC.hisdaughterwouldgrowD.hisdaughterhadgrown8.HaveyouseenMarylately?MybosswantstoknowA.howsheisgettingalongB.howisshegettingalongC.whatsheisgettingalongD.whatisshegettingalong9.surprisedmemostwassuchalittlegirlofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.A.That;whatB.What;thatC.That;thatD.What;what10.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddoIcantosavethem.A.whateverB.whichC.thatD.whicheverhelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.A.WhoB.AnyoneC.WhoeverD.ThepersonEatyoulikeandleavetheothersforcomesinlate.A.any;whoB.every;whoeverC.whichever;whoeverD.either;whoevershecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whyC.What;becauseD.Why;that14.Itwashesaiddisappointedme.A.What;thatB.That;thatC.What;whatD.That;what15.Itwasorderedthatallthesoldierstothefront.A.shouldsendB.mustbesentC.shouldbesentD.mustgoThetruevalueoflifeisnotin,but.A.whichweget;whatgiveweB.whatweget;whatwegiveC.whichdoweget;whatdowegiveD.howweget;thatwegiveWeareallforyourproposalthatthediscussionA.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istobeputoffGoandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftit.A.whereB.thereC.herewhereD.wherethereSarahhopestobecomeafriendofsharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho20.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcitedKeys:1——5AAABA6——10CDABA11——15CCAAC16——20BAACB【Exercises】：Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikehowdoesourvillagelooklikehowourvillagelookslike(89)2.Canyoumakesure _thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wheredidAliceputC.whereAlicehas7putD.wherehasAliceput(90)3.Noonecanbesureinamillionyears.A. what man will looklikeB.whatwillmanlooklikeC. man will look likewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike(91)4.--Wehaven'theardfromJanealongtime.--Whatdoyousupposetoher?A.washappening B.hashappenedCtohappen D.havinghappened(91)5.Goandgetyourcoat.It'syouleftit.A.there B.whereC.therewhereD.wherethere(92)C.therewherethe2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.A.Whenever B.IfC.WhetherD.That(92)hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeveryonepresent.A.What B.ThatC.Thatfact D.Thematter(93)--Doyourememberhecame?--Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.how B.whenC.thatD.it(94)wecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwehave.A.What,what B.What,thatC.That,that D.That,what(95)11.Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.A. However late ishe B.HoweverheislateC.Howeverishelate D.HoweverlateheisDr,BlackcomesfromeitherOxfordorCambridge,Ican'tremember.A.where B.thereC.which D.that,Whydoyouwantanewjobyou'vegotsuchagoodonealready?A.that B.where C.whichD.when(98) IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek. Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?A.why B.when C.what D.where(99)YoushouldmakeitaruletoleavethingsyoucanfindthemagainA.whenB.where C.thenD.there(99)We'llhavetofinishthejob..longittakeshoweverittakeshowewerlonglong however ittakeshoweverlongittakes(99)19.shecouldn'tunderstandwasfewerandfewerstudnetsshowedinterestinherlesson.A.What,why B.That,whatC.What,because D.Why,that(2000)20.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.GoandseeA.whoishe B.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis(2000)KEYS:1-5BCABB6-10CAAAB11-15DCDBA16-20ABDAD40道名詞性從句練習(xí)題theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.A./ B.That C.WhatD.WhereIacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.A.If B.WhetherC.EvenifD.When10hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.A.WhatallB.AllwhatC.What D.WhatthatWhentheywillstartnotbeendecided.A.have B.is C.does D.hascertainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.A.ThatisB.ThisisC.Itis D.Ithasisunknowntousall.A.Wheredidsheputit B.WheresheputitC.Thatwheresheputit D.Inwhichsheputitnothingtodowithus.A.Whatshedidhave B.WhatshedidisC.Whatdidhedohas D.WhatshehasdonehasThetroubleisweareshortofhands.A.what B.that C.howD.whichEnergyismakesthingswork.A.what B.everythingC.somethingD.thatMyhometownisnotitusedtotenyearsago.A.when,doB.what,doC.what,beD.when,beThereasonIhavetogoismymotherisillinbed.A.why,why B.why,because C.why,thatD.that,becauseThethoughthemightfailintheexamworriedhim.A.which B.that C.whenD.sothatThatisIlostmypen.A.when B.where C.that

D.whatHaveyouanyidea?A.howfastdoeslighttravelB.howquicklighttravelsC.howsoonlighttravels D.howfastlighttravelsHissuggestiontoseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.A.thatwegoB.whichweshouldgoC.thatwewouldgoD.wewouldgoHewasinterestedinhehadseenattheexhibition.A.whichB.thatC.allwhatD.allthat17.Heoftenthinksofhecandomoreforhiscountry.A.what B.how C.thatD.whichHemadequiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.D.whatB.whattheD.whatB.whattheD.whatwasA.whatwasthematteroutsidematteroutsidewasC.whatwasoutsidethematterhappenedoutsideHehascome,butIdidn'tknowthatheuntilyesterday.A.iscomingB.willcomeC.wascomingD.wasn'tcoming21.Heranbackintotheroomtoseeifheanythingbehind.A.hasforgottenB.hadforgottenC.hasleftD.hadleftTheywanttoknowdotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycanC.howtheycanD.howcantheyDoyouknowbrighterthanthemoon?12

A.whythesunlookB.whythesunlooksA.whythesunlookB.whythesunlooksC.whydoesthesunlookD.whyisthesunlook24.Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?A.howIcangetto B.whereIcangettoC.howcanIgetto D.wherecanIgetto.Thesephotographswillshowyou.A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike.Canyoumakesurethegoldring?A.whereAlicehadput B.wherehadAliceputD.wherehasC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput.NoonecanbesureinamillionyearsA.whatmanwilllooklike B.whatwillmanlooklikeC.manwilllooklikewhat D.whatlookwillmanlike28.Heaskedfortheviolin.A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaidIrememberthisusedtobequietvillageA.whenB.howC.whe