2023年英語四級考試真題與答案

２０２３年最新英語四級考試真題與答案PａrtIＩReadingComprｅhension(３５minｕtes)Dｉrectionｓ:Ｔｈｅreare４passagｅsinthispａrt.Eachpasｓａgeiｓｆｏｌloweｄbｙsomeｑuestionsｏrunｆinishedstateｍｅnts．FoｒｅacｈｏfthemthｅｒearｅfｏurchoｉcｅsmarｋedA)，Ｂ)，Ｃ)anｄD)．YouｓhoulddecideonthｅbｅstchoiceａｎdｍａrkｔheｃorrｅspondingletteronthｅAnswerSheetwiｔｈasingｌeliｎethｒoｕgｈｔhecｅnｔer.ＰａssａgeOnｅQuestions21ｔo25arebａｓｅdonthefolloｗingpassage．Dｅsigｎoｆａllｔhenｅwtooｌsandimｐlemeｎtsisbaｓedｏncarefｕleｘpｅｒimentswiｔhｅlectronicinstrumeｎtｓ.First,aｈｕｍaｎ“gｕinｅapig”ｉsｔesｔｅdｕsinｇａregulartｏoｌ．Mｅasurｅｍenｔｓareｔakenofthｅamｏｕｎtofworkdone,andthebｕilｄｕpofhｅatｉｎｔｈeｂoｄｙ.Twistｅdjoiｎtsandstretｃhedmusｃlｅsｃannｏtperformasweｌｌ,ithasbeenfound,asjoｉｎtsaｎdmusｃlesinｔheiｒnormalpoｓitiｏns.Thｅｓaｍｅpｅrｓｏnisｔheｎtesｔedaｇaiｎ,usingatoｏldｅｓigｎeｄaccordiｎgｔothｅｓｕggestｉoｎｓmadebyＤr.Tichauer.Ａlｌtheｓeｔｅｓｔshavesｈowntｈegreatiｍprovｅmentoftheｎｅｗｄesｉｇnsoｖｅrthｅoｌd．OneofthｅelecｔronicｉnstrｕmｅｎtsusedｂyDｒ.Tichauer,theｍｙｏgraｐh（肌動記器），ｍakesｖisiｂleｔhrｏｕghelectｒicalsignaｌsthｅwｏrｋｄonｅbyｈｕmanmｕｓcle.Anothermａcｈineｍeasuresanyｄangerousｆeaturｅsofｔooｌs,tｈｕsprｏvinginfｏrｍａt(yī)ionｕpｏnwｈiｃhtｏbaｓeanewdesiｇn.Oneconclusionｏftｅstsmａdeｗitｈｔｈｉｓmacｈineistｈatatripｏｄstepladｄerisｍoｒｅstａbｌeandsａferｔｏuｓｅthａｎｏnｅｗithfｏｕｒlegｓ.(oｌddｅsign）Ｔｈｉsｗｏrｋｈaｓatｔractedtheattenｔionofeffｉcｉencｙexｐerｔsandtｉme－ａｎd-motiｏn-ｓtudyｅｎｇiｎeer,butiｔsvａluegoeｓｆarbeyondthat.Dr.Ｔiｃｈauer’sｆirstｔhｏughtisfｏrthｅhealthoftｈetooluｓeｒ.Withtｈerepｅａt(yī)edｕｓeofthesameｔｏoｌaｌｌｄaｙlongｏｎproｄuｃｔionｌiｎｅsaｎｄｉｎoｔheｒjoｂｓ，eｖenlighｔmanuａlworkcａnｐｕtaheavystreｓsononｅsmalｌareaｏｆthｅｂoｄy.Iｎtime，suchstresｓｃanｃａusｅaｄｉｓaｂliｎgdiｓeaｓｅ.Ｆurtheｒｍore,muｓclefatｉguｅisaserioｕｓsafｅtｙhazarｄ.Ｅffｉciｅncyisｔｈeby-proｄｕctofcｏmfoｒt,Dｒ.Tichauerbｅlieｖes,andhiｓnｅwｄｅsｉｇnsfoｒtraｄｉtionaltｏoｌsｈaｖeprovedhispｏint．21.Whatarｅinvolｖｅdｉntheｄeｓignｏfanewtｏolacｃｏrｄingtoｔhepasｓage?Ａ）Electronicinstrumenｔsandaｒeguｌartool．B)Ａhuman“ｇｕiｎeapiｇ”anｄaｒegｕlarｔｏol.C)Ｅlectｒonicinstｒumentsaｎdaｈuman“ｇuiｎeａpig”.D)Eleｃtｒｏｎiciｎstｒuments，aｈumaｎ“guiｎeaｐｉg”andarｅgularｔoｏl.2２.Fｒomthｅpａssａgeweｋnowthａt(yī)joiｎtsanｄmusｃlｅｓperｆｏrｍbestwｈen_____＿___＿_＿______．Ａ)ｔhｅyａrｅtwistedaｎdstｒetchedＢ)theyａrｅiｎtheirnoｒmalpｏsitiｏnsC)tｈeyarｅｔestｅｄwithahuman“ｇｕineapig”D)thｅyareｔestｅdwitheｌecｔrｏｎicinｓtrumenｔs23.A“myograｐh”(Para．2，Lｉne１)isaneｌｅｃｔｒoniｃinstruｍenｔthat___＿_＿___＿_＿____.A）isableｔｏdesｉgｎｎeｗtoｏlsB)ｍeasｕreｓtheａmountoｆｅｎergyuｓedＣ）eｎａblepｅｏpletｏsｅetｈｅmｕscuｌarmｏvementsD)ｖｉsｕalizeselectricａlｓｉgnａls2４.Iｔcａｎbeinferｒedｆroｍtheｐaｓsａｇethａｔ______＿＿_＿______.Ａ)astepladderusedｔohａｖeｆｏuｒlegs.B）itisdangeｒoｕstｏuseｔooｌsC)atripodissaferinatoｏｌdesiｇnD)wｏｒkｅrsaresａfｅroｎproductionｌinｅｓ25.Dr.Tichａuerstarｔeｄhｉsexｐerimentsｉnｉtialｌyto__＿______＿_＿___＿_.Ａ)improｖeｅfficieｎｃyB)incrｅaseｐrｏdｕctｉｏnC)ｒeduｃeworkloadD)impｒoｖecｏｍfortQueｓtionｓ２6to3０arebasedonｔhefollowｉnｇpassａge:Moreandmoｒe,theopｅratiｏｎsｏfourbusineｓｓｅｓ,governmｅnts,anｄfinancialinstitutｉonsareｃｏntrolleｄbyiｎfoｒmaｔiｏｎthaｔｅxistsｏnlyｉnsiｄｅｃomputermｅmｏrｉｅs.Anｙonecleverenｏｕghtomodiｆytｈｉsinformａｔionfｏrhisoｗnｐｕrposeｓcanｒｅapbigrewａrd.Evenworse，aｎｕmｂerofpeopleｗhohavｅｄｏnetｈisaｎdbeencａugｈtatiｔhａvemaｎagedtogｅtawaywiｔhouｔpunishmeｎｔ.Ｉt’sｅasyforcｏｍputｅrcｒｉmｅstogoundeｔectedifnoｏnechecｋsuｐｏnwhａｔthecoｍpuｔerｉｓdoｉnｇ．Butevenifthｅｃｒimeisdｅｔecｔed,theｃrｉminalmaywａlkａwaynotｏnlｙｕnpuｎishedbｕtｗｉthaｇlｏwｉｎgrｅcｏｍmendaｔiｏnfｒomhisforｍereｍployeｒs.Oｆcourｓe,weｈａｖｅnｏｓtatisticｓoncｒimesthatgoｕｎdetecｔｅd.Butｉt’sdiｓｔurｂingtonotｅｈowmanyofthecｒｉmeｓｗedｏｋnowabouｔwerｅdeｔectｅｄｂyａcｃidenｔ,notｂyｓysteｍaticinspｅctionsorotｈerｓecｕrｉtypｒoceｄｕｒｅｓ．Thecoｍｐutercrｉminａlsｗｈohavｅbeｅnｃaughtｍayhａｖeｂeeｎtheｖｉctimsｏfuｎcommonlybadｌuck.Ｕｎlikeoｔherlａwｂreakｅrs，ｗｈomustｌeavetｈｅｃoｕｎtry,cｏmｍiｔsuiciｄｅ,orgotojail,ｃｏｍputercriminａlssｏmetimesesｃapepｕniｓhｍeｎt,demandingnotonlythattheｙnotbｅchaｒｇｅｄbutｔｈattheｙｂegiveｎgoｏｄrｅcommeｎｄatｉｏnsandperhａpｓoｔherbenefits.Allｔｏooften,theｉrdｅｍanｄshａvebeｅnmｅt.Ｗhy?Becausｅcomｐａnyexeｃutｉvesａrｅafrａidofthｅbadｐｕｂliciｔythatwoｕlｄresuｌｔifthepubliｃfoｕndoｕｔthaｔtheirｃｏmputｅrhaｄbeｅｎmisused.Tｈeｙhesitatｅatthethｏuｇhtofａcriｍiｎaｌboaｓｔｉngｉnopenｃｏurｔｏfｈowheｊuggｌed(詐騙)ｔｈeｍostconfidｅntiaｌ（保密）ｒecordsrｉgｈｔuｎderｔhｅnｏｓesoftheｃoｍpaｎy’ｓexecutｉｖes,aｃcountａｎtｓ，andsecuritystafｆ.Andsoanotherｃoｍputercriｍinaldeｐarｔｓwｉthjｕstthｅreｃomｍendａt(yī)ｉonｓheneｅｄstｏcontｉnuehｉｓcｒｉｍeselsewhere．2６.Ｉtcaｎbｅcoｎcludedfrｏmthepassａgeｔhat__＿排除法______＿__＿＿_.Ａ)ｉtisstillｉmpoｓsiblｅtodetecｔcomｐuterｃrｉmeｓtodａyB）pｅopｌecommｉtcｏｍpｕｔerｃrimesattherequｅstｏfｔｈeｉrｃompanyC）comｐuterｃriｍinalｓｅscａpeｐuniｓhmｅntbｅcａuｓeｔheycan’tbeｄｅtectedD)cｏｍputercｒimｅｓarethemosｔseｒiousｐrｏblemiｎtheopｅｒationofｆｉｎaｎcialinｓtitutiｏns2７.Iｔｉsimpliedinｔheｔhirｄparagrａｐhｔｈaｔ__＿_____＿_＿______.A)mostｃoｍputerｃｒiminaｌswhoａｒｅcａughtbｌametｈeirbａｄluckB)therapiｄincrｅaｓeofcｏmpuｔｅrcrｉｍｅsiｓatｒouｂlesomeproblemC)mｏstcｏmputeｒcriminalsaresmarｔenoｕghtocｏｖeruptheircrｉmｅsD)manymoｒecｏmputｅrcrｉmesgｏundetectedthａt(yī)ａrｅdisｃoｖereｄ(估計是掉詞了，應當表達的是ｕnｄetecｔｅｄ的比discovｅred的多)2８.Whｉｃhoｆｔhefｏllowingsｔaｔementｓｉsmeｎｔｉoｎeｄiｎｔｈeｐａssage?A)AsｔrｉctlawａgainstcompｕtercrimｅsmｕstbeenforceｄB)Companiｅsuｓualｌｙhｅsｉｔａｔetｏunｃoｖeｒcoｍputercriｍeｓtoprotｅcttheiｒrepｕtａt(yī)ionC）ComｐanieswillguardagainstcoｍpuｔｅrcrimestoprotecttｈｅirreｐutａｔionD)Companiesneeｄtoimpｏsereｓｔrｉcｔionsonconｆiｄentｉａｌinfoｒmａｔion２９.Ｗhaｔｍａｙhａppenｔocoｍputeｒcriminalsoｎcｅthｅyarecａugｈt?Ａ)Wiｔhａbadreputatｉontheyｃanharｄlｙfindanotherjob.B）Thｅymａywａlkawaｙandeasｉlyfindａnｏtｈｅrjob.Ｃ)TｈeｙwiｌlbedeｎiedaccesstoｃｏnｆideｎtiａlrｅcorｄsＤ）Theymuｓtleaveｔhｅcouｎtryｔogoｔoｊａil.3０.Thepaｓsageisｍａiｎlｙabout__＿＿＿_______＿＿＿＿＿.Ａ)wｈｙcomｐuteｒｃriminalsaｒeｏｆteｎablｅtoescapeｐunishmentB）whycomｐutercｒimesareｄifficulｔtodetectbysｙｓtematicｉｎspectｉonsC)hoｗcomputｅrcｒiｍinaｌsmangetoｇetgoｏdｒeｃｏmｍendationsfromｔｈｅirｆormerｅmplｏyｅrsD)wｈycompｕｔeｒcriｍescan’ｔbeelimiｎａt(yī)edQuｅstioｎs31to35aｒｅbａseｄｏｎtheｆolloｗｉngpassaｇe.Inafamｉlywheretｈerolesofmenａndwoｍenarenｏtｓhaｒplyseparatedandｗherｅmanyhoｕsehoｌｄｔasksａreｓhａredtoagreatｅroｒｌeｓｓｅｒextent,ｎotioｎｓofｍａlｅsupeｒioriｔyarｅｈardtｏｍaintain.Tｈepatternofshaｒｉngintａskｓandｉndｅcisionmaｋesforｅqualityaｎdthｉsintuｒnlｅadstｏｆurtheｒｓｈarｉｎｇ.Iｎsuchahｏmｅ,thegrｏwingbｏyａｎdｇirlｌeaｒntoacceｐｔequａlitymoreｅasilythａｎdidtheirparentsａｎｄtopreparemｏrefuｌlyfｏrｐaｒticipationｉnａｗorldcharactｅrｉｚedｂｙｃoｏpeｒａt(yī)ｉonraｔheｒthanbytｈｅ“bａt(yī)tleoｆthｅsexes”.Iftheｐrocesｓgoeｓtoｏfarandｍan’ｓｒｏleisｒeｇａrdedaslessｉｍporｔant–andtｈatｈaｓhappenｅdｉnsomｅcａsｅs–weａreasbadｌyoffasｂｅfore,onlyinｒｅversｅ．ItistimeｔoreassesstheｒolｅｏｆｔhemanintｈｅAmｅricanｆaｍilｙ.Wｅａｒegｅｔtingalittｌetｉrｅｄof“Moｍｉsm”–buｔｗeｄｏn’ｔwａnttｏexｃhanｇeitfora“neo-Popiｓm”.Ｗhatweｎeｅd,ratｈer,istherecｏgnitioｎthatｂｒingiｎｇupcｈildｒenｉnvolvesａpａrtneｒshipoｆｅquａls.Thereａresignsthatpｓychiatrｉsｔｓ，ｐsｙchoｌｏgｉsts,ｓocｉalwｏｒkers,ａndspeciaｌistsontｈefamiｌｙarｅbｅcoｍinｇmoreａwａrｅoｆtｈｅparｔｍenplaｙａndthattheyｈａｖedｅcidedthａt(yī)ｗomｅｎｓhｏuｌdnotreceivealｌｔhｅｃｒedit–norｔheｂｌame.Wehａveaｌmostgiveｎupｓayiｎgtｈaｔａｗｏman’sｐlaｃeiｓinthｅhome.Ｗｅarebｅginniｎｇ,however,tｏanaｌｙsｅman’splaceintｈｅhomeanｄｔoiｎsｉsttｈａｔhｅｄｏｅｓｈaveaplaceinit.Noriｓthａt(yī)plaｃeｉrrelｅｖanttｏｔheｈealthydｅvelopmenｔｏｆthｅｃhｉｌd.Ｔheｆaｍilyiｓaｃo-opeｒativeenterprｉseｆorwhｉchitｉsdifficultｔｏlaydownrulｅs,becａuseeachfaｍｉlyneedstoworｋoutｉｔsｏwｎwaysfoｒsｏlviｎgiｔsoｗｎprobｌｅmｓ.Exceｓsiveauthoｒiｔａriａnｉsm（命令主義)hasｕnｈａpｐyconsequｅｎces,wｈetheriｔｗearsskｉrtsoｒtrｏuｓeｒs，aｎdtｈeidealofequａlrighｔsandｅqualresｐonsibiｌitiesispｅrtinｅnｔ(相關的,切題的)ｎoｔonlytoahealｔｈydeｍocracｙ，ｂｕtalsｏtoahealtｈyfａmily.31．Theidｅalofequalｒiｇhtsａnｄeqｕａｌｒesponｓｉbiliｔiesｉs________＿_____＿＿_.A）funｄamentalｔoａsｏｕnddemｏｃｒaｃyB)noｔpertinｅnttoｈｅaｌthyfａmｉlylifeC）responsｉblｅforMomｉsmD)wｈａt(yī)wehavealmｏｓtｇivｅnup3２.Thedangerｉnｔｈesharingofｈouｓehｏldtａｓksｂythｅmotheｒandthｅfathｅristhat＿__＿＿_____＿．Ａ)theroleｏfｔhefatｈermａｙbecomｅａninferioroｎe’B)ｔherｏleoftｈｅmothermaybecomｅaniｎfeｒｉoroneC)Ｃ)tｈecｈiｌdrenwilｌｇｒowｕｐbelｉeviｎgｔhａt(yī)lifｅiｓａｂａt(yī)tlｅｏfｓeｘesD)shariｎgleadsｔｏconstａｎtargｕing３３.Tｈｅauthorstatesthａt(yī)brｉngiｎgupchildren__＿＿____________．A)ismaｉｎｌｙｔhemｏthｅr’sjｏbB)bｅloｎgsamonｇthｅduｔｉｅｓｏfthefathｅrC)isｔｈejｏbofschｏoｌｓａnｄcｈｕrｃｈeｓD)iｎvoｌveｓaｐartnerｓhiｐofeｑｕals34.Ａccｏｒdingtｏthｅauｔhor,ｔhefathｅr’ｓrolｅinthehｏmeis＿_＿_________＿__＿＿＿__．Ａ)miｎoｒbｅcausehｅｉｓanineffectualpａreｎtB)irｒelｅvａｎtｔothehｅalthydeveｌopmeｎtoｆthechildC）pｅrtｉnenｔtothｅhealthｙdｅvelｏpmｅntｏｆｔhecｈildD)idｅｎｔiｃaｌtｏtheroｌｅｏftｈechild’ｓmｏｔheｒ35．Withwｈichoｆｔhｅfolｌowｉngsｔateｍｅntswouldthｅauｔhorbemostlｉkｅｌyｔoagree？A)Ahealｔｈy，cｏ－ｏperatiｖｅfamｉlｙiｓabａｓicｉｎｇrediｅｎtofaheａｌthysociety.B)Mｅnarebａsicallｙoppoｓeｄtoｓharinghousｅholdｃhores．C)Ｄｉｖisionofhouseholdｒesｐonsｉbiｌiｔiesisｗorkableｏｎlyintheory.D)Awoman’splaceｉntｈｅhomｅ–nowａsaｌwayｓ.Quｅstioｎs3６ｔｏ40arｅbasｅdontheｆollowｉｎgpassage：Teachingｃhildrｅntoreａdweｌlｆromthestartisthemosｔimｐortanttaskofeleｍenｔarｙsｃhooｌｓ.Buｔrelｙingｏｎｅｄucatorｓtoapｐrｏacｈthｉstaskcｏrｒeｃｔlyｃanｂｅagreatmistakｅ．Maｎyｓchoolscｏntｉnuｅtoemｐlｏyinstｒｕctｉoｎａlmethｏｄsｔhathaveｂｅｅnproveｎinｅｆｆｅｃtiｖe.Thestaｙingpｏｗerｏfｔhe“l(fā)ook-say”oｒ“ｗhｏｌe-word”ｍethodｏｆtｅaｃhｉｎｇｂegiｎninｇrｅａdingｉｓpｅrｈapsthemostflagranｔeｘaｍpleofｔhisfaｉlureｔoｉnstｒucｔeffｅctiveｌｙ．Ｔｈewｈolｅ－wｏｒｄapｐｒoachtoreadingstｒesｓesthemeaｎingoｆｗoｒdsｏvｅrthemeａnｉngoｆletters,ｔhｉnkinｇoｖerｄｅcoｄing,deｖelopingａsightvocａbuｌarｙoffamiliarwordsoveｒdevelopｉnｇｔheabilityｔounlockthｅｐｒonunciationofunfａmｉｌｉarworｄs.Iｔｆitsinｗitｈtheseｌf-dirｅcted，“l(fā)ｅarninghowtoｌearn”activｉtiesrecoｍmeｎdedbｙadｖocates(提倡者）oｆ“open”claｓsｒoomsａｎdwiｔhtheｃoncｅptthａt(yī)cｈｉｌdrenhavetobedeveloｐmｅntaｌｌyreadytobegiｎｒｅadｉnｇ.Befoｒe1963,nｏｍajｏrｐubｌisｈerputｏutaｎythiｎgbuｔthese“Ｒun－Spoｔ－Run”readerｓ.Howevｅr，in1955，ＲuｄｏlｆＦlesｃhｔouｃｈedoｆfwhatｈasｂeeｎcaｌled“theｇreatdebatｅ”inbegiｎｎingｒeadｉｎg．Iｎｈｉｓbeｓt－sellerＷｈyJｏhnｎyCaｎ’tRead，F(xiàn)ｌesｃｈｉndicteｄ(控訴)thenａt(yī)ion’sｐublicschｏolsfoｒｍｉseducaｔingsｔuｄenｔsｂyusｉnｇthｅlooｋ－saｙｍethod.Hesaiｄ–andｍorescholarlyｓtudiｅｓbｙＪeａneChａllａndRoｖeｒｔDykstralａt(yī)eｒconfｉrmed–tｈatａｎｏtherapｐroachｔobegiｎningreａdinｇ,ｆｏunｄｅdｏnphｏnics(語音學）,ｉｓfarsuｐerioｒ.Systemａt(yī)ｉcｐhｏnｉcsｆirstteaｃｈerschildrentoassocｉａt(yī)eletterｓａndletｔercombinationsｗｉtｈsouｎｄs;itthenteachesthｅmhoｗtoｂleｎdthesesoundｓｔｏgｅthｅｒtoｍａｋewords.Ratherthａnｂｕildingupareｌａt(yī)ivelyｌimitedｖｏcaｂularｙｏfmｅmorizedwords,iｔimpａrtsaｃoｄeｂywhiｃhthepronuncｉatioｎｓｏfthevaｓｔmａjoriｔｙoftｈemｏsｔcoｍmoｎｗｏrdsｉntheＥnglishｌanguａgecanbeleａrned.Phonicsdｏｅsｎotｄｅvaluｅtheimｐortanceoftｈinkinｇabouttheｍeaｎinｇｏfwｏrdｓandsｅntｅnｃes;ｉtsｉmplyｒecognizesｔｈatｄeｃodｉngisｔheｌoｇicalandnecesｓarｙfirstｓteｐ.36.Ｔhｅａuthorfｅelsthatｃｏuntinｇoneｄucａｔorstｏteaｃhｒ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inBritain?14.Ｗhatiｓthespｅaｋeｒｍaｉnlyｔalkiｎｇaｂout？PasｓageＴwｏThefirstｓｔｅptostｏpｄｒugabuseiskｎowingwｈｙpeoplestａrｔtouｓedｒuｇｓ.Ｔheｒeasｏnｓpeoｐlｅabuseｄｒuｇsaｒeasdｉｆｆerentaspｅoplearｅfｒomｏｎetoａnotｈer.Buｔthereseｅmｓtoｂeonｅｃｏmmonthｒｅａｄ:pｅoplｅseemｔｏtakｅｄｒugsｔocｈangethewaytheyｆｅel．Ｔheywａntｔｏfeeｌbetterｏrfｅelｈａppｙortｏfeeｌnothing.Ｓomeｔimes,ｔheywａｎttoｆorｇｅtortorｅｍeｍbeｒ．Peopleoftｅnfｅelbetｔeｒａboｕttｈeｒoｓelｅafwｈeｎtｈｅyareunｄertｈｅｉnｆluenｃｅofdrugs．Buttheeffecｔｓｄon＇t'lａstlong.Drｕgｓdoｎ'tsolveprｏblemｓ.Tｈeｙjｕｓtpostponethｅm.Noｍａt(yī)terhowfardｒugsｍayｔakeyoｕ，it'salwａysarouｎｄｔrip．Afｔerａwｈilｅ,peｏplewhｏｍissdrugsmａｙfeeｌworｓeaboutthｏrｎ-'selvｅｓ,anｄthentheymayｕｓemoredruｇｓ.Ifsｏｍｅoneyouknowisusiｎｇorａｂｕｓinｇdrｕgｓ，ｙoucanheｌp.Themｏstｉmpoｒtaｎｔpartyoｕcａｎplａyistobethere.Youｃaｎｌｅtyourｆｒieｎdskｎowｔhatｙoｕｃａrｅ.Youcanliｓtｅnandtryｔoｓolvｅｔｈeｐrｏblembehiｎdyoｕrfｒｉenｄ'ｓｎeｅdｔoｕsedrugs.Tｗｏpｅoplｅtｏgeｔhｅrcanｏftensｏlveapｒobｌeｍthａt(yī)ｓｅemstｏobigfoｒonepersoｎaｌone.Studiesｏｆ.，ｈｅavyabusersintheUｎｉtｅdＳtaｔｅssｈowthattheyfeltunｌovedａnduｎｗanted.Theydidn'thａvecｌosｅfriｅndstotａlkto.Whenyoｕｏryoｕrfriendｓtaｋeｔhetiｍｅtoｃaｒefoｒeachoｔher,ｙou'rｅalｌhelpingtosｔoｐdrｕgsabuｓe.Aｆterall，whａｔisafrｉendfor?Quｅstions１5ｔo17arebaseｄoｎtｈepassagｅｙｏuhavejｕsｔｈeard.15.Wｈydｏｓomepeopleaｂusedｒｕｇs?16.Accordiｎgｔｏtheｐａssage,whatｉsｔhebesｔｗaytostｏｐfriendｓｆroｍａbusinｇdruｇs?17.Whatａｒethefiｎdingsofthesｔudｉesａbｏutｈeavyｄrｕｇuｓers？PassagｅThreeBｏwsandaｒｒｏwsａｒeｏneofｍaｎ'soｌdｅsｔweａpons.Ｔheygaveｅａｒlymananeｆfectiｖｅwｅapontokillhisｅneｍiｅs．Ｔhｅｏｒdinaryboworshｏｒｔbｏwｗasusedbynearlyaｌleaｒlｙpeoｐle.Ｔｈisｂowhadliｍitedpoweraｎdshorｔranｇｅ．Ｈowｅver,manoｖeｒcamethｅsefaｕltsbｙlearningtotracｋhｉｓtargetsaｔacｌｏｓerａnｇe.Thｅloｎgbｏwwasｍostliｋｅlyｄiｓcoｖerｅdｗｈeｎｓoｍeoｎefoundouｔtｈａt(yī)afive-ｆｏotpiｅceｏfwｏodmａdｅabｅttｅｒｂowthanａt(yī)hｒee-footpieｃe．Ｈｕｎdredｓoftｈou-ｓandsｏfｔhｅseｂoｗｓweremadeanduseｄforthreｅｈunｄrｅｄyearｓ.Howeveｒ，ｎotoｎｅisknｏwｎｔosｕrviｖetoday.Webeｌievｅtｈａt(yī)aforceoｆaboutoneｈunｄredpoundswasnｅedsｔopｕlltｈestｒingalltｈeｗayｂackonalongｂow.Foｒａlongtimetheboｗｗasｊｕsｔabentｓtiｃkandstriｎｇ.Iｎfａct,morechangesｈａvetakenplａｃｅinabｏwiｎtｈepａst25yeａrｓthａｎｉｎｔｈelasｔ7cenｔuｒiｅs.Tｏｄay,bowisfoｒcefｕl．Itisasexactａｓagun.Ｉnadditｉon,ｉtreｑuｉreslitｔｌestｒengtｈｔoｄrawthesｔring.Mｏdern