現(xiàn)在分詞做定語和狀語-高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

1單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義:

①說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a

readingroom

=aroomwhichisusedforreading閱覽室runningshoes=shoesforrunning跑鞋aworkingmethod

=amethodofworking

工作方法asingingcompetition

awalkingstick

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語歌詠比賽手杖adrawingboardasewingmachineaswimmingpool

awaitingroom

adiningcaradrivingpermit畫板縫紉機(jī)游泳池候車室餐車駕駛許可證②表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。

developingcountries=countriesthataredeveloping發(fā)展中國家anordinary-lookinghouse=ahousethatlooksordinary看起來很普通的房子apuzzlingproblem=aproblemthatpuzzlessomebody困擾人的問題abarkingdog

adisappointingplay

anastonishingadventure

asleepingbaby

boilingwater

failingsight

thesetting

sun

thecomingweek

狂吠的狗令人失望的戲劇驚人的冒險(xiǎn)熟睡的嬰兒正在沸騰的水逐漸衰退的視力落日下一周Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand____lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.A.beingweighedB.toweighC.weighedD.weighingThegovernmentplanstobringinnewlaws_____parentstotakemoreresponsibilityfortheeducationoftheirchildren.forcedB.forcingC.tobeforcedD.havingforcedInsomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords

indailyconversations.using B.touseC.havingusedD.usedThewitnesses

bythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.A.questioned B.beingquestioned C.tobequestioned D.havingquestionedTheairport_______nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.havingbeencompleted動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。(1)表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考。Havingmadefullpreparations,wearereadyfortheexam.(=Afterwehavemadefullpreparations...)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(2)表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。

Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterday.(=Sincehewasill...)(3)表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。他父親死了，留給他許多錢。Hisfatherdied,leavinghimalotofmoney.=...,andlefthimalotofmoney.(4)

表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。Workinghardatyourlessons,youwillsucceed.=Ifyouworkhardatyourlessons...(5)

表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。Knowingallthis,theymademepayforthedamage.=Althoughtheyknewallthis...(6)

表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。他躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。Helayonthegrass,staringattheskyforalongtime.=...andstaredattheskyforalongtime.

現(xiàn)在分詞短語用作狀語時(shí)，可以表示伴隨、時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式和結(jié)果等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。其邏輯主語是句子的主語，它們之間為主謂關(guān)系。(2013北京）24.

thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.A.Find B.Finding C.Tofind D.Found（2013湖南）25.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,________themountainingoldenlight.A.bathed B.bathing C.tohavebathed D.havebathedChoosethebestanswers

thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.Find B.Finding C.Tofind D.Found_______whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Knownnot

Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock,

suppliestoYushu,QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.Asending B.tosend C.havingsent D.tohavesent

thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached________areply,hedecidedtowriteasixthletter.A.NotreceivingB.NottoreceiveC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived解析：沒收信的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在決定寫信這一動(dòng)作之前所以應(yīng)該用havingdone;此題又是表否定含義，分詞的否定式為notdoing/nothavingdone；故選C。C

intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren’sloveofart.A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded________warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclockformidnightsoIcouldrefillit.A.Staying B.Stayed C.Tostay D.StayEuropeanfootballisplayedin80countries,___itthemostpopularsportintheworld.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeHerushedtothetrainstation,only____thetrainhadgone.A.findingB.foundC.findsD.tofindADMakingitthepopularsportintheworld為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：Hispare