杭州電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院

PAGEPAGE５１杭州電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院英語專業(yè)學(xué)生英國文學(xué)課外閱讀書目簡介前言《杭州電子科技大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院英語專業(yè)學(xué)生英國文學(xué)課外閱讀書目簡介》是根據(jù)高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)英語教學(xué)大綱上所規(guī)定的英語專業(yè)學(xué)生閱讀參考書目編寫而成的英國文學(xué)名著導(dǎo)讀本，所選取的作品都是經(jīng)過時間的檢驗而得到全人類公認(rèn)的真正的經(jīng)典文學(xué)名著。通過閱讀這些材料，既可以領(lǐng)略名著魅力，咀嚼名著精華，同時還可以了解英國人的人文追求和價值取向。這本“簡介”共遴選了三十七位英國作家的作品，其中包括奧斯丁的《傲慢與偏見》、康拉德的《黑暗之心》、勞倫斯的《兒子與情人》、以及吳爾芙的《達(dá)洛衛(wèi)夫人》和《到燈塔去》等。最后一部分選編了我國早年留學(xué)國外的學(xué)者容閎、陳季同、費孝通和林語堂等介紹中國文化的文章。對于英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生，這本“簡介”可以起到拋磚引玉的作用，也就是說，首先通過閱讀這本“簡介”產(chǎn)生一種“名著意識”，如果他們對名著很感興趣，就會找到原著閱讀。我們希望通過這部英國文學(xué)名著導(dǎo)讀本將英國文學(xué)中的優(yōu)秀作品推薦給學(xué)生，為他們在浩瀚的書海中作一個有益的引導(dǎo)。CONTENTS英國文學(xué)部分LuckyJimbyKingsleyAmis………………….4PrideandPrejudicebyJaneAusten…………..5JaneEyrebyCharlotteBronte………………...6WutheringHeightsAlice’sAdventuresinWonderlandbyLewisCarroll…………9HeartofDarknessbyJosephConrad………...……………11LordJimbyJosephConrad………………..12RobinsonCrusoebyDanielDefoe…………..13DavidCopperfieldbyCharlesDickens……………………15AdventureofSherlockHolmesbySirArthurC.Doyle……….……………16MiddlemarchbyGeorgeEliot……………….17HowardsEndbyE.M.Forster………………19APassagetoIndiabyE.M.Forster……….20TheFrenchLieutenant’sWomanbyJohnFowles…………...20TheManofPropertybyJohnGalsworthy…………………...22LordoftheFliesbyWilliamGolding………..23TheHumanFactorbyGrahamGreene……………………25TessoftheD’UrbervillesbyThomasHardy………………...26JudetheobscurebyThomasHardy………….27DaisyMillerbyHenryJames………………..28APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungManbyJamesJoyce…….29KimbyRudyardKipling…………………….30SonsandLoversbyD.H.Lawrence………...31TheGrassisSingingbyDorisLessing………32NineteenEighty-fourbyGeorgeOrwell……………………..33IvanhoebySirWalterScott………………….36TreasureIslandbyRobertLouisStevenson……………….38Gulliver’sTravelsbyJonathanSwift……………………...39VanityFairbyWilliamM.Thackeray……….40AHandfulofDustbyEvelynWaugh………..41TheInvisibleManbyH.G.Wells……………42TheMoonandSixpencebyWilliamSomersetMaugham…………………..43OfHumanBondagebyWilliamSomersetMaugham……….44TheBlackPrincebyJeanIrisMurdoch……………………...45ThePictureofDorianGraybyOscarWilde………………47Mrs.DallowaybyVirginiaWoolf…………...48TotheLighthousebyVirginiaWoolf………49中國文化部分MylifeinChinaandAmericabyYungWing………………..49TheChinesePaintedbyThemselvesbyTchengKiTong……50PeasantLifeinChinabyFeiHsiaTung……………………..51MyCountryandMyPeoplebyLinYutang………………….52KingsleyAmis(1922-1995)金斯利·艾米斯KingsleyAmisisanEnglishwriter,borninLondon,England.HisgreatcontributiontoliteratureisLuckyJim《幸運的吉姆》.HeproducedaparticularlyviolentJamesBondnovel,ColonelSun,in1968,underthepseudonymRobertMarkham.HegraduatedfromSt.JohnCollegeinOxfordUniversitymajoringinBritishliteraturewithmasterdegree.In1955,hewonMaughamAward.（毛姆獎金）Besidesnovels,hewrotemanypoems,plays,shortstoriesandsomecomments.Hisworksareasfollows:HurryonDown《大學(xué)后的漂泊》(1953),whichwasconsideredtheearliestrepresentativein1950s,OneFatEnglishman《一個英國胖子》(1964),MyEnemy’sEnemy《我的敵人的敵人》(1963).Hisothernovelsarealsoveryfamouslike:ThatUncertainFeeling《那種不安的感覺》(1955),TakeaGirllikeYou《愛你這樣的姑娘》(1960),LuckyJim《幸運的吉姆》Jim,alucklesslecturerataprovincialBritishuniversity,triedtomakeasplashwithhispompousboss,ProfessorNeddyWelch.Heishistoryteacherinauniversity,buthewasstillininternshipperiod,andsohehadtotryhisbesttopleaseProf.Welchinordertogettheformalqualificationofalecturer.However,inhismindhedidn’tlikeWelchatall.HepretendedtorespectWelchandtovisithishomeasagreathonor.Jimisalsotryingtomakeitwiththewomanofhisdreams,ChristineCallaghan(DaughteofWelch),whilesimultaneouslybeingpursuedbythewomanofhisnightmares,fellowlecturerMargaretPeel.One(ofmany)complicationsisthatChristineisthegirlfriendofProfessorWelch’segotisticalartistson,Bertrand.AnotheristhatMargaretkeepsattemptingsuicidetogetJim’sattention.Butnomatterwhathetried,hestillcouldn’tgetwhathewanted.HefinallyseparatedwiththeWelchfamily.Thestorycametoanend,hehadgotanotherjobinanotheruniversity.AlthoughKingsleyAmis’sacidsatireofpostwarBritishacademiclifehaslostsomeofitsbiteinthefourdecadessinceitwaspublished,it’sstillarewardingread.Andthere’snodenyinghowbiganimpactithadonotherliteraryworks.LuckyJimaffectedpeoplesopowerfullythatyouevenrememberwhenyoureadit,itislikereadingPearlHarbor.Thismasterpiecevividlyshowsthesocialrealityandthephilosophyofpersonalrelationshipthroughthevividdescriptionabouttheherointhisnovel,Jim.Thissatiricstoryleadsthroughscenesofcomiccatastrophe.JaneAusten(1775–1817)簡·奧斯汀JaneAustenisanEnglishwriter,whofirstgavethenovelitsmoderncharacterthroughthetreatmentofeverydaylife.AlthoughAustenwaswidelyreadinherlifetime,shepublishedherworksanonymously.Themosturgentpreoccupationofherbright,youngheroinesiscourtshipandfinallymarriage.Austenherselfnevermarried.Herbest-knownbooksincludePrideandprejudice《傲慢與偏見》(1813)andEmma《愛瑪》(1816).VirginiaWoolfcalledAusten“themostperfectartistamongwomen.”JaneAustenwasborninSteventon,Hampshire,whereherfather,Rev.GeorgeAusten,wasarector.Austen’sheroinesaredeterminedtomarrywiselyandwell,butromanticMarianneofSenseandSensibility《理智與情感》(1811)isacharacter,whofeelsintenselyabouteverythingandlosesherhearttoanirresponsibleseducer.Herotherworksareasfollows:MansfieldPark《曼斯菲爾德公園》(1814),Persuasion《覺醒》(1818),NorthangerAbbey《諾桑覺寺》(1818).PrideandPrejudice《傲慢與偏見》PrideandPrejudicemainlydescribedthefamilyofBennet.Therearefivedaughtersinthisfamilywithnoanyson.Accordingtolawatthattime,thelegacyoftheBennetshouldbeinheritedtoarelativeofthefamily,Collins,insteadofleavingittofemale.Therefore,thewholefamilywasmakingalleffortstothemarriagesofthefivedaughtershopingallofthemcouldfindawealthyfamily.Abachelor,Bingley,wasyoung,handsomeandwealthy.Hetogetherwithhisfriend,Darcywhowasalittlearrogant,movedtotheBennet.Later,BingleyfellinlovewiththefirstdaughteroftheBennet,Jane.Atthesametime,Darcyfellinlovewiththeseconddaughterofthefamily,Elizabeth.ButElizabeththgoughDarcywasarrogant.Shehadnogoodimpressiononhim,andfurthermore,shehadthekindofbiastowardshim.Becauseofmanydiscrepanciesandmisunderstandings,whenDarcyaskedformarriagefromElizabeth,shefirmlyrefusedhim.Butthroughaseriesofhappenings,allthemisunderstandingsandbiasweregotridof.Darcywasnotsoarrogantashewasinthepast.Sowhenheaskedforhermarriageforthesecondtime,Elizabethacceptedwithhappinessandpleasure.PrideandPrejudiceisacomedy.Austen’snovelsdescribeanarrowrangeofsocietyandevents:aquiet,prosperous,middleclasscircleinprovincialsurroundingswhichsheknewwellfromherownexperience.Hersubjectmatterisalsolimited,formostofhernovelsdealwiththesubjectofgettingmarried,whichwasinfactthecentralproblemfortheyoungleisure-classladyofthatage,whohadnootherchoiceinherlifebuttofindagoodhusband.Austenwasthefirsttobringtolightwhatwastobeoneoftheprincipalthemesofthelater19trh-centurynovel.Austen’sinterestwasnotinnaturalscenery,butinhumannature;inherdescriptionofhumannature,insteadbeingfascinatedbygreatwavesofelevatedemotion,bypassionorheroicexperience,shefocusedonthetrivialandpoetrydetailsofeverydayliving,whichbecameveryinterestingthroughhertruthfulanlivelydescription.Austenismuchgiftedincharacterportrayal,especiallyindrawingyounggirlswhomsheunderstandswell.Sheherselfcomparedherwoktoafineengravingmadeuponalittlepieceofivoryonlytwoinchessquare.Thecomparisonistrue.Theivorysurfaceissmallenough,buttheladywhomadethedrawingsofhumanlifeonitwasarealartist.CharlotteBronte(1816-1855)夏洛特·勃朗蒂CharlotteBronteisanEnglishwriternotedforhernovelJaneEyre《簡愛》in1847,sisterofAnneBronteandEmilyBronte.Thethreesistersarealmostasfamousfortheirshort,tragiclivesasfortheirnovels.Inthepast40yearsCharlotteBronte’sreputationhasrisenrapidly,andfeministcriticismhasdonemuchtoshowthatshewasspeakingupforoppressedwomenofeveryage.AnothertypicalworksofCharlotteisShirley《雪麗》whichdescribedtheworkers’movementin19century.CharlottewasborninThornton,Yorkshire,inthenorthofEngland,thedaughterofanAnglicanclergymanwhomovedwithhisfamilytoHaworthamidtheYorkshiremoorsin1820.Aftertheirmotherandtwoeldestchildrendied,CharlottewasleftwithhersistersEmilyandAnneandbrotherBranwelltothecareoftheirfather,andtheirstrict,religiousaunt,ElisabethBranwell.CharlotteattendedtheClergyDaughter’sSchoolatCowanBridgein1824.Shereturnedhomenextyearbecauseoftheharshconditions.In1831shewenttoschoolatRoeHead,whereshelaterworkedasateacher.However,shefellill,sufferedfrommelancholia,andgaveupthispost.Charlotte’sattemptstoearnherlivingasagovernesswerehinderedbyherdisablingshyness,herignoranceofnormalchildren,andheryearningtobewithThecollectionofpoems,PoemsByCurrer,EllisAndActonBell(1846),whichCharlottewrotewithhersisters,soldonlytwocopies.Bythistimeshehadfinishedanovel;TheProfessor《教授》,butitneverfoundapublisherduringherlifetime.Undeterredbythisrejection,CharlottebeganJaneEyre,whichappearedin1847andbecameanimmediatesuccess.JaneEyre《簡愛》Theheroine,JaneEyre,livedtogetherwithherauntafterthedeathofherparents.Shewastorturedandsufferedalotthere,butshewasself-independentandrebellious.Latershewassendtoaboardingschoolwhereshereceivededucation,whileinfactthatschoolwassomethinglikeaprisonespeciallyforkeepingorphans.Eightyearslater,shewasemployedtoSt.Fieldasagoverness.Beforelong,shefellinlovewiththeownerofSt.Field,Mr.Rochester.Atthemomentwhentheywereholingaweddingceremonyinchurch,truthwastoldbythebrotherofRochester’swife,whowasmadbecauseofinheritanceandwasconfinedtotheatticofSt.Field.Ontheotherhand,shethoughttheywerecomingfromratherdifferentfamilyandlivingbackground,andtheycouldn’tmarry.SoshewentawayregardlessofRochester’slove.ShewaslatersavedbySt.John,whowasapriestanddecidedtodevotedhimselftoreligion.St.JohnhopedJanecouldmarryhimandwentfarawaytogetherwithhimtohelpthosewhoneededhelp.However,Janerefusedsinceshestillcouldn’tforgetRochester.WiththelovetowardsRochestershereturnedtoSt.Fieldfindingeverythingwasfiredtotheground.Rochester’swifesetfiretothewholefazendawithherselfdeathinthefire.Rochesternotonlylosteverythinginthebigfire,butalsobecameblindandlostonearm.WhileJanestilllovedhimandfinallytheygotmarried.JaneEyrewaspublishedin1847,andthisgreatworkbroughtfametoCharlotteBrontemakingherknownbytheworld.JaneEyreisintheformofafictionalautobiography,withsomeauthenticpersonalexperiences,especiallyintheearlierchapters.Thisnovelbringsupthequestionofwomen’sindependenceandtheequalitybetweenmenandwomenthroughthelifeexperienceoftheheroine,Jane.Thestoryistoldinthefirstperson,andthenarrator’spersonalityisnotjustawindowthroughwhichtheeventsareseen,butitalsodefinesthequalityoftheevents.EmilyBronte(1818-1848)艾米莉·勃朗蒂EmilyBronteisperhapsthegreatestwriterofthethreeBrontesisters-Charlotte,EmilyandAnne.EmilyBrontepublishedonlyonenovel,WutheringHeights《呼嘯山莊》(1847),astoryofdoomedloveandrevenge.ButthatsingleworkplaceshasitsplaceamongthemasterpiecesofEnglishliterature.SomeofherbestlyricsarealsoratedwiththebestinEnglishpoetry.EmilyBrontewasborninThornton,Yorkshire,onJuly30,1818.HerfatherwastherectorofHaworthfrom1820.Aftertheirmotherdiedin1821,thechildrenspentmostoftheirtimeinreadingandcomposition.Betweentheyears1824and1825EmilyattendedtheschoolatCowanBridgewithCharlotte,andthenwaslargelyeducatedathome.In1835EmilyattendedschoolatRoeHead,butsufferedfromhomesicknessandreturnedafterafewmonthstothemoorlandsceneryofhome.In1837shebecameagovernessatLawHill,nearHalifax,whereshespentsixmonths.EmilyBrontediedoftuberculosisonDecember191848,havingcaughtcoldatherbrotherBranwell’sfuneralinSeptember.AnotherimportantandinfluentialworkswrittenbyherisAngnesGrey《艾格尼斯·格雷》in1847.WutheringHeights《呼嘯山莊》TheheroofthisnovelisHeathcliff,whowasanorphanbroughttoWutheringHeightsbytheoldownerofWutheringHeights,Earnshaw.He,asalittleboy,wasdiscriminatorilytreatedbyEarnshaw’sson,Hindleyandbytheservantsaswell.Hesufferednotonlyspirituallybutalsophysically.Sincethen,Heathcliffdecidedtoretaliate.However,Earnshaw’sdaughter,CatherinefeltsorryforHeathcliffbecauseofhisbiasedtreatmentinWutheringHeights.Theygraduallybecameintimateandlovedeachotherintheirminds.Butlater,Catherinemarriedtheyoungowner,EdgarLinton,fromneighborThrushcrossGrange（畫眉山莊）.SoHeathcliffwentaway.Threeyearslater,hecamebacktoretaliatethepersonshehated.Therefore,hewasinconflictwithEdgarLinton.Catherinewasseriouslyillinbedandwhenshewasgivingbirthofherbaby,shedied.ButHeathcliffcontinuedtoretaliatethemembersfromthetwofamilies.Finally,duetotheeverlastingmisstoCatherineheWutheringHeightsisanextraordinarystoryofloveandrevenge.Inmanyrespectsitisanunconventionalwork.Thetwofiguresarealsonotconventionalpeople.CatherineisunorthodoxaccordingtoVictorianstandardsandHeathcliffrepresentssavageforcesthatsocietytriedinvaintoeliminate.ThroughHeathcliffandCatherine,EmilyBronterangeshumanpassionsagainstsocialconventionswithextraordinaryviolence,whileatthesametimeretainingacoolartisticcontrol.Thestructureofthenovelisalsounique:thestoryistoldthroughindependentnarratorsunidenticalwiththeauthor,whosepersonalityisthereforecompletelyabsentfromthebook.LikehersisterCharlotte,EmilyBrontealsobringsupthewomenquestion,butfromanotherangle.ShepresentsanimageofthefemininepersonalityunderthesocialconstrictionsLewisCarroll(1832-1898)路易斯·卡羅LewisCarrollisthepseudonymofEnglishwriterandmathematician,CharlesLutwidgeDodgson.Hewasamanofdiverseinterests–inmathematics,logic,photography,art,theater,religion,medicine,andscience.Hewashappiestinthecompanyofchildrenforwhomhecreatedpuzzles,clevergames,andcharmingletters.AsallCarrolladmirersknow,hisbook“Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland”(1865),becameanimmediatesuccessandhassincebeentranslatedintomorethaneightylanguages.Theequallypopularsequel“ThroughtheLooking-GlassandWhatAliceFoundThere”,waspublishedin1872.The“Alice”booksarebutoneexampleofhiswide-rangingauthorship.“TheHuntingoftheSnark”,aclassicnonsenseepic(1876)and“EuclidandHisModernRivals”,arareexampleofhumorousworkconcerningmathematics,stillenticeandintriguetoday’sstudents.“SylvieandBruno”,publishedtowardtheendofhislifecontainsstartlingideasincludingan1889descriptionofweightlessness.Thehumor,sparklingwitandgeniusofthisVictorianEnglishmanhavelastedformorethanacentury.HisbooksareamongthemostquotedworksintheEnglishlanguage,andhisinfluence(withthatofhisillustrator,SirJohnTenniel)canbeseeneverywhere,fromtheworldofadvertisingtothatofatomicphysics.Alice’sAdventuresinWonderland《愛麗絲漫游奇境記》ThenovelopenswithAliceandhersistersittingonthebankofariver.Feelingabsolutelyboredsinceshe(Alice)didnothaveanythingtodoshedecidestotakeashortwalk.Justthenshespotsasmallwhiterabbitdartacrossthegrass.Whatamazesheristhattherabbittakesoutasmallwatchfromitspocketandexclaims,“Iwillbelate”.Alicehadneverheardarabbittalkandmoreoverfeltthatitwasverystrangeforarabbittoownapocketwatch.CuriositytakesAlicedowntherabbitholeandthisleadsherintoalandwherehermainpre-occupationseemstobeeithergrowingtallorbecomingshort.HerdesiretogetthroughalittledoorthatleadstoabeautifulgardentakesheronanadventuretothehouseofaDuchess,amadtea-partywhereshemeetstheMadHatterandMarchHare.Herencounterwiththecaterpillarisveryhelpfulbecauseitisthroughthecaterpillarthatshemanagestoknowthewayinwhichonecouldchangetheirheightdependingonthesituation.HerexperienceinthehouseofWhiteRabbitisanotherinterestingepisode.Onthewhole,heradventurespriortoentryintothebeautifulgardenareofakindthatleadshertoquestionherselfandtheknowledgethatshehasaboutherselfandoftheworld.Herentryintothebeautifulgardensignalsthebeginningofaturnofeventswheresheissubjectedtovariousquestions.Itistypicalofasituationinwhichthereadersconfrontthefactthatappearancesaredeceptive.TheQueenbecomesverysymbolicofacharacterthatisasadistatheartandironicallysheisindeedtheQueenofHearts.Thegameofcroquetwhichrepresentsthecruelrulesofthegame(land)andthelop-sidedlegalsystem(courtroomproceedings)aretypicalofallthatonedespises.Alice’sfinalrealizationofreality(thatthecharactersarejustapackofcards)istherealizationofthemannerinwhichexternalfeaturescaninfluencethemindofahumanbeing,especiallythatofachild.Thenovelendsonaverytypicalfairytalelikenote.Alicewakesuptorealizethatshehasbeendreaming.HoweverthefairytaleendisonlyforAlice.Hersisteristheonewholeadsheroutofthedreamtotheworldofreality.Inawakingrealitysheseesinhermind’seyeallthatAlicehaddreamt.Inherimagination,time--past,presentandfuturecollapse.Thepast(Alic’sdream)isre-experiencedbyAlice’ssister,whoissymbolicofthepresent.Thisleadsher(Alice’ssister)toforeseethedayswhenhersisterwouldgatherroundheradozenbrightandinnocentchildrenwhowouldinturnlistenwithcuriosityallaboutthatintriguinglandcalled“Wonderland”.JosephConrad(1857-1924)約瑟夫·康拉德JosephConradisaPolish-bornEnglishnovelistandshort-storywriter,adreamer,adventurer,andgentleman.InhisfamousprefacetoTHENIGGEROFTHE‘NARCISSUS’(1897)Conradcrystallizedhisoftenquotedgoalasawriter:“MytaskwhichIamtryingtoachieveis,bythepowerofthewrittenword,tomakeyouhear,tomakeyoufeel-itis,aboveall,tomakeyousee.That-andnomore,anditiseverything.”AmongConrad’smostpopularworksareLORDJIM(1900)andHEARTOFDARKNESS(1902).Conraddiscouragedinterpretationofhisseanovelsthroughevidencefromhislife,butseveralofhisnovelsdrewthematerial,events,andpersonalitiesfromhisownexperiencesindifferentpartsoftheworld.WhilemakinghisfirstvoyagestotheWestIndies,ConradmettheCorsicanDominicCervoni,whowaslatermodelforhischaractersfilledwithathirstforadventure.HeartofDarkness《黑暗之心》HeartofDarknesstellsthestoryofMarlow,asailor,whodescribestohisshipmatestheunusualexperiencehehadtravelingupriverintheCongoandtheeffectithaduponhim.HiredbyaContinentaltradingcompanyasasteamboatcaptainbetweentheouterstationsandtheinterior,Marlow’sprimarymissionwastovisitand,ifnecessary,retrievethemysteriousKurtz,anextraordinarilysuccessfulagentwhohadlostcontactandreportedlyfallenill.Marlowtellsthementhattheentirejourneywasasortofdream--lackinganyreal-worldlogic,deeplyaffecting,anddifficulttodescribeinitsdetails.Thetriptookseveralmonths,occurringinstages--atripalongthecoast,anoverlandtrektotheCentralStation,andfinallytheriverboatjourneytoKurtz’soutpost.DuringtheentireexpeditionMarlowwasstruckbythemistreatmentofnativesbytheCompanyanditsagents,thepreponderanceofdisease,theintimidatingpresenceofthejungle,andtheabsurdnessofthecolonialoperationcarryingonforarelativelysmallamountofivory.HebeganhearingofKurtzassoonashearrived,andeverythingheheard--ofKurtz’seloquence,ofhishighmoralprinciples,ofhiseffectiveness,ofhisinfluenceintheCompany--arousedMarlow’sinterest.TheideaofKurtzbegantoobsessMarlow.Whentheyarrivedathisstation,theyfoundhehadsethimselfupasasortofgodtothenativeshehadoncewantedtocivilize;hehadbecomemoresavagethaneventhenatives,takingpartinbizarreritesandusingviolenceagainstthelocalstoinspirefearandobtainmoreivory.Againsthiswishes,KurtzwastakenbackbyMarlowandtheotherwhites;hisillnessovercamehimonthereturntrip,andhedied.Hislastwords--”Thehorror!Thehorror!”--werehisrealizationofthedepthstowhichhehadsunkfromhisnoblegoals.HeentrustedMarlowbeforehisdeathwithhispapers,includinganarticlehehadwrittenonbringingenlightenmentandprogresstothenativesoftheCongo.AsevidenceofKurtz’sdecay,however,wasthepostscripthe’dscribbledattheendofthisarticle:“Exterminateallthebrutes!”.MarlowwasshakenbyhisencounterwithKurtz,whohad,becauseofhisisolation,beenexposedtothedarknesswithinhimselfandhadgonemadasaresult.WhenbackinEurope,MarlowcontactedKurtz’sfiancébutcouldnotrevealtohertheterrifyinglastwords.Ultimately,Marlowtellsthestoryofhowwhenthethinshellofcivilizationhasfallenaway,thecorruptionandevilwithincansurface.SeeingthedarknesslingeringimmediatelyunderthesurfaceofamanwhothoughthimselfmoralforeveraffectedMarlowasadeepnightmarewould.AsMarlowfinisheshisstory,trailingoffashereachesthelieaboutKurtz’slastwords,theskyhasgrowndark.HeartofDarknessisthefinestofallConrad’sstories,showinghimattheheightofhispowersasawriterofgreatvividness,intensity,andsophistication.Setinanatmosphereofmysteryandmenace,ittellsofMarlow’sjourneyuptheCongoRivertomeettheremarkableMrKurtz.‘AnOutpostofProgress’,‘Karain’,and‘Youth’,unavailableinanyotheredition,echothethemeofthefollyofimperialadventureanddisplayConrad’saudaciouslybrilliantinsightsintohumannatureandthebasesofcivilization.LordJim《吉姆爺》ThenovelopenswithadescriptionofJim,whoisaninchortwobelowsixfeetandemployedasawater-clerk.Heispowerfullybuiltandhasadeep,loudvoice.Thesonofaclergyman,Jimdecidestomakeacareeratsea,passesexaminations,andismadeanofficerofashipbypassingthethirdtest.SoonheissentonboardthePatnaasafirstmate.Theshiphaseighthundredpilgrims.JimisnotveryfriendlywiththeotherofficersofthePatna.OnacalmnightintheArabianSea,thePatnacollideswithasubmergedwreckandisbadlydamagedinitsforepeakcompartment.Assessingthedamage,Jimknowsthatinnotimethewaterwillrushinandtheshipwillsink.Alongwiththeship,allthepilgrimswilldrown.Thecaptainoftheshipalsosensesthedanger.Atanytimethebulkheadoftheshipmaygiveway.Jimwatchesasthecrewstrugglestoloweraboat.Heisdisgusted,butcannotshoutbecauseitwillcreatefurtherpanic.Alreadyoneoftheengineershasdiedofheartattack.Theshipplunges.Jimdoesnotwanttodesertthepilgrims,butinamomentofindecisionandcrisis,hejumpsinto“aneverlastingdeephole.”Thisfillshimwithguiltandaffectshimthroughouthislife.ThePatna,however,survives,andtheship,alongwiththepilgrims,istowedintotheSuezbyaFrenchwarship.ThefourmenwhojumpedshiparealsopickedupbyAvondaleanddeliveredtoaneasternport.Theinquirystarts.AttheCourtofInquiry,JimmeetsMarlow,thenarratorofthestory.MarlowisattractedtoJimandfeelshimselfresponsibleforJim’ssafety.Attheinquiry,Jimisfoundguiltyandhiscertificateiscanceled.MarlowdecidestorehabilitateJim.HetalkstoStein,awealthymerchant,andarrangesforJimtogotoPatusan.Jimisveryhappywiththeofferandhopesthathispastwillbeburiedsoon.InPatusan,asadviserandruleroftheBugis,hewinstheirtrustandsoonbecomesTuanJim.Hefindsgreatpeace.MarlowvisitshiminPatusanandfindshimveryhappythere.HeisalsoinvolvedwithJewel,awomanhalf-nativeandhalf-English.However,lifedoesnotcontinueinthismanner.TheoutsideworldintheformofBrown,arenegadeAustralian,disruptsJim’sidyllicexistence.JimisoneofConrad’smostcomplexcreations,andConradexplores,alongthevasthorizonofthisgorgeousnovel,thephenomenaofshame,guile,retribution_andredemption.Hoerightitisforourtimes!Originallypublishedin1904,NostromoisconsideredbymanytobeConrad’ssupremeachievement.SetintheimaginarySouthAmericanrepublicofCostaguana,thenovelrevealstheeffectsofunbridledgreedandimperialistinterestsonmanydifferentlives.V.S.Pritchettwrote,“NostromoisthemoststrikinglymodernofConrad’snovels.Itispervadedbyaprofound,evenmorbidDanielDefoe(1660-1731)丹尼爾·笛福DanielDefoeisperhapsbestknownforhisnovels,RobinsonCrusoe《魯濱遜漂流記》andMollFlanders,《莫爾·弗蘭德斯》buthewasalsothequintessential“brilliantscoundrel”oftheAugustanAge.Inroughchronologicalorder,DanielDefoewasahosier,soldier,winemerchant,factoryowner,bankrupt,spy,pamphleteer,convict,journalist,editor,politicalflunkey,hackwriterandnovelist.In1704,helaunchedtheRe