電子郵件寫作指導(dǎo)

[技法指導(dǎo)]電子郵件是通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)送的信件，其格式都是由計(jì)算機(jī)中的電子郵件程序預(yù)先設(shè)定的，一般只要按部就班就能完成電子郵件的寫作。電子郵件的正文內(nèi)容和格式要求與紙張信件一樣，只是發(fā)送的方式不同而已。1．電子郵件的寫作模式(1)日期和地址：由于在發(fā)送email時(shí)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)本身會(huì)顯示時(shí)間，所以寫email時(shí)，通常只需要寫收信人的電子郵箱地址和主題行。(2)稱呼：空一行頂格寫收信人的稱呼，前面可以加上dear，以示禮貌，如：DearMr.Lee等，其后常用逗號(hào)。(3)正文：email和一般書信一樣，有正式與非正式之分。通常因?qū)ο蟮牟煌?，?huì)有語(yǔ)氣及用詞上的差異。比較正式的電子郵件(如商務(wù)信函)的正文，用詞要正式，最好不要用比較隨便的英語(yǔ)問候語(yǔ)，如：Howareyou？對(duì)于朋友之間的問候電子郵件(如問候信)，語(yǔ)言的使用可以比較隨便。(4)結(jié)尾稱呼：根據(jù)寫信者與收信者之間的關(guān)系來確定結(jié)尾稱呼?？捎肶oursrespectfully/Yourstruly/Yourssincerely等正規(guī)說法，也可以直接署上寫信人的姓名。2．電子郵件的主題及語(yǔ)言(1)要有一個(gè)說明性的、合適的主題。其目的在于讓收信者快速地了解電子郵件的主要內(nèi)容。如：LifeinBritain/CongratulationsfromWangHai等。(2)要用簡(jiǎn)練的詞語(yǔ)。電子郵件的語(yǔ)言主要講究簡(jiǎn)潔、真實(shí)、準(zhǔn)確，如maybe,possible,mostof等不確定的表達(dá)方法是不宜多用的，但可用一些具體的數(shù)目作輔助說明。為了讓被描述事物的特征給讀者留下具體而深刻的印象，可以用一些生動(dòng)的詞匯或句型來表達(dá)。如rather,betterthanbefore,only,ifyoutryit...,whenyouuseit...等。特別是在一些商務(wù)電子郵件中，語(yǔ)言的正確性尤其重要。黃金表達(dá)，教你如何營(yíng)造亮點(diǎn)常用的開頭語(yǔ)1．IhavebeenintheUnitedStatesforamonth.2．ThankyouforyourletterofOct.16th.3．Ihaveagreatpleasuretotellyouthat...4．Ihavereceivedyourmessagetoday.5．Howareyougettingalongwithyourdailylife?話題引入語(yǔ)1．Ifso,pleaseemailmeinresponse.2．AsfarasIknow,...3．Asto/foryourquestion,...4．Iwonderhowyoulearntthat...5．I'mgladtotellyousomethingaboutit.常用的結(jié)束語(yǔ)1．Enjoyagoodday&havefun!2．Pleasekeepintouchwithme.3．Withkind/bestregards.4．I'mlookingforwardtoyouranswer.5．Pleasewritetomesoonandtellmeaboutyour...[寫作規(guī)范][題目要求]假設(shè)你是劉偉，你的美國(guó)朋友Mike想通過你了解中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)提示，給Mike寫一封email，向他介紹我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日春節(jié)的情況。內(nèi)容提示：1.春節(jié)在中國(guó)的重要性；2．春節(jié)期間人們的主要活動(dòng)(節(jié)前、除夕、節(jié)日期間)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右，信的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2．可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫。DearMike,Howareyou?Bestwishes!Yours，LiuWei[三步作文法]第一步：搜索詞匯1．傳統(tǒng)的traditional2．持續(xù)last3．對(duì)……感興趣be_interested_in4．像；例如such_as5．用……裝飾decorate_..._with6．在……前夕on_the_eve_of7．燃放焰火set_off_fireworks第二步：由詞造句1．春節(jié)在中國(guó)是最重要的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，通常持續(xù)15天。①Spring_Festival_is_the_most_important_traditional_holiday_in_China,_and_it_usually_lasts_for_15_days.②Spring_Festival_is_the_most_important_traditional_holiday_in_China,_which_usually_lasts_for_15_days.2．在節(jié)日前的日子里，人們要打掃房子，他們認(rèn)為大掃除可以除去壞運(yùn)氣。①During_the_days_before_the_festival,.②During_the_days_before_the_festival,_people_clean_their_houses_which_they_think_sweeps_any_bad_luck.第三步：連句成篇DearMike，Howareyou?I'mreallygladthatyouareinterestedintraditionalChinesefestivals.TherearemanytraditionalfestivalsinChina,suchasSpringFestival,MidAutumnDay.I'dliketointroducetheSpringFestivaltoyou.SpringFestivalisthemostimportanttraditionalholidayinChina,whichusuallylastsfor15days.Duringthedaysbeforethefestival,peoplecleantheirhouses.Theythinkcleaningsweepsanybadluck.Theydecoratetheirhouseswithpapercuts.Ontheeveonthefestival,familymembersgettogetherandhavebigmeals.ThentheywatchtheSpringFestivalGalaonTV.Atmidnight,theysetofffireworkstowelcometheNewYear.Duringthefestival,kidsgetluckymoneyfromoldpeople.Peoplevisittheirrelativesandfriends.Theywisheachahappyyearandgoodluck.Howhappyweare!Bestwishes!Yours，LiuWeiⅠ.閱讀理解Doinghomeworknotonlycanhelpchildrenmastertheknowledgetheyhavelearned,butalsocantraintheirabilitiesoffinishingtheworkalone,planningthetimeanddoingtheduties.Butsomechildrendon'tliketocompletethework.Why?Therearesomereasons.Somechildrenfeelitisverydifficulttodotheirhomework,becausetheycan'tunderstandtheirteacherclearly,andcan'tfollowtheirteacher'steachingprocess.Maybethereissomethingwrongwiththeirintelligence．Butsomechildren'sintelligenceisnormal.Theyareevencleverer,buttheydon'tlistentotheteachercarefully.Itishardforthemtositwellandpayattentiontoanything.Itneedstocarryontheattentioncentralized(集中注意力)trainingtohelpthechildren.Somechildrenlovetheirteacherandthentheylikethesubject.Theirinterestdependsontheteacherwhoteachesthem.Soeveryteachershouldbehelpfulandkind.Itcanmakechildrenloveyouandthesubjectyouteach.Sotheycandotheirhomeworkhappily.語(yǔ)篇解讀：這篇短文主要介紹了學(xué)生不喜歡寫作業(yè)的原因，一方面是學(xué)生聽不懂老師講的內(nèi)容，另一方面是學(xué)生注意力不集中，再就是學(xué)生是否喜歡這個(gè)老師。1．Doinghomeworkcanhelpchildren________.A．mastertheknowledgeB．traintheirabilitiesC．learnnewlessonsD．BothAandB解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第一段“Doinghomeworknotonlycanhelpchildrenmastertheknowledgetheyhavelearned,butalsocantraintheirabilitiesoffinishingtheworkalone,planningthetimeanddoingtheduties.”可知做作業(yè)不僅可以掌握知識(shí)而且可以訓(xùn)練他們獨(dú)立完成作業(yè)、計(jì)劃時(shí)間、盡責(zé)任的能力，故選D。2．Somechildrenfindthehomeworkdifficult.WhichreasonisNOTright?A．Theycan'tunderstandtheirteacherclearly.B．Theycan'tfollowtheirteacher'steachingprocess.C．Theintelligenceofallthestudentsisn'tnormal.D．Theydon'tlistentotheteachercarefully.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Butsomechildren'sintelligenceisnormal.”可知許多孩子的智力是正常的，故C錯(cuò)誤。3．What'stheChinesemeaningoftheunderlinedword“intelligence”inPara.2?A．作業(yè)B．智商C．思想D．方式解析：選B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句意可知：也許他們的智商有問題，故選B。4．Accordingtothelastparagraph,thewriterthinks________isveryimportant.A．a(chǎn)teacherB．a(chǎn)subjectC．a(chǎn)ttentionD．homework解析：選A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知作者認(rèn)為老師在學(xué)生樂于學(xué)習(xí)方面很重要，故選A。Ⅱ.任務(wù)型閱讀WhenIwas16yearsold,aboygavemeanimportantgift.Itwastheearlyautumnofmyfirstyearatajuniorhighschool,andmyoldschoolwasfaraway.Iwasverylonely,andafraidtomakefriendswithanyone.EverytimeIlistenedtootherstudentstalkingandlaughing,Ifeltmyheartbreak.Icouldn'ttalkaboutanyonewithmyproblems.AndIdidn'twantmyparentstoworryaboutme.Thenoneday,myclassmatestalkedhappilywiththeirfriends,butIsatatmydeskunhappilyasusual.Ididn'tknowwhohewas.Hepassedmeandthenturnedback.Helookedatme,withasmileonhisface.Suddenly,Ifeltthetouchofsomethingbrightandfriendly.Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarmIstartedtotalkwithotherstudentsandmadefriends.Daybyday,Ibecameclosertoeveryoneinmyclass.Theboywiththeluckysmilehasbecomemybestfriendnow.OnedayIaskedhimwhyhesmiled,buthecouldn'tremembersmilingatme!Ibelievethattheworldiswhatyouthinkitis.Ifyouthinkitlonely,youmightalwaysbealone.Sosmileattheworldanditwillsmileback.A．Atthatmoment,aboyenteredtheclassroom.B．He'slivinginAustralianowandhelovesit.C．Itdoesn'tmatterbecauseallthedarkdayshavegone.D．Itwasasmile.E．Thatsmilechangedmylife.F．It'spracticallyimpossibletomakefriendshere.G．Asaresult,nooneknewwhoIwas.1．解析：選D根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容“Helookedatme,withasmileonhisface.”他臉上帶著笑容，看著我。文章最后一句“Sosmileattheworldanditwillsmileback.”對(duì)世界微笑，世界就會(huì)對(duì)你微笑。綜觀全文內(nèi)容可知“我十六歲的時(shí)候，一個(gè)男孩給了我一個(gè)重要的微笑”。所以下一句應(yīng)是“它是一個(gè)微笑”。故選D。2．解析：選G上一句提到：我原來的學(xué)校很遠(yuǎn)。下句：我很孤單，害怕與任何人交朋友?？芍也桓液蛣e人交朋友，說明沒有人認(rèn)識(shí)我。故此空選G。3．解析：選A根據(jù)下文的“Ididn'tknowwhohewas”可知有一個(gè)男孩進(jìn)入了教室。故選A。4．解析：選E根據(jù)上文的“Itmademefeelhappy,livelyandwarm.”空格下一句說的是：我開始和其他學(xué)生談話、交朋友。所以此處表達(dá)的應(yīng)該是“微笑改變了我的生活”。可知E正確。5．解析：選C根據(jù)上句：帶著幸運(yùn)微笑的男孩已經(jīng)變成了我最好的朋友。下句是：我相信這個(gè)世界是你認(rèn)為它是什么。根據(jù)上下文可知作者認(rèn)為一切的黑暗都過去了。所以選C。Ⅲ.完形填空Alecturerwasgivingalecturetohisstudentsonstress(壓力)management.He__1__aglassofwaterandaskedtheaudience,“How__2__doyouthinkthisglassofwateris？”Thestudents'answersranged(變化)__3__20gto500g.“Itdoesnotmatterontheabsolute__4__.Itdependsonhow__5__youholdit.IfIholditforaminute,itisOK.IfIholditfora(n)__6__，Iwillhaveapaininmyrightarm.IfIholditforaday,youwillhaveto__7__anambulance(救護(hù)車).Itisexactlythe__8__weight,butthelongerIholdit,the__9__itbecomes.”Thewholeaudiencebecamesilent,lostinthought.Afteramoment,thelecturercontinued,“__10__wecarryourburden(負(fù)擔(dān))allthetime,__11__，wewillnotbeabletocarryonwiththeburdenbecomingincreasinglyheavier,__12__heavyforustobear.“Whatyouhavetodoisto__13__theglass,restforawhile__14__holdingitupagain.”Asisshowninthestoryabove,wehavetoputdowntheburdenperiodically,__15__wecanberefreshedandareabletocarryon.Sobeforeyou__16__homefromworktonight,puttheburdenof__17__down.Don'tcarryitback__18__.Youcanpickituptomorrow.Whateverburdenyouarehavingnowonyour__19__，letitdownforamomentifyoucan.Lifeisshort,__20__it!語(yǔ)篇解讀：我們?cè)谝簧杏性S多的責(zé)任要承擔(dān)，但是不要讓這些責(zé)任把我們壓垮。一杯水分量不重，但是如果要一直舉著，人們就不能承受。同樣的道理，背負(fù)的負(fù)擔(dān)不大，但是一直壓在心頭就會(huì)讓人難以輕松。所以，我們要學(xué)會(huì)放下負(fù)擔(dān)，享受生活。1．B．drankC．supportedD．raised解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。need“需要”；drink“喝”；support“支持”；raise“舉起，提出”。從下文內(nèi)容“Itdependsonhow________youholdit.”可知演講者舉起一杯水，選D。2．B．pureC．heavyD．much解析：選C考查形容詞辨析。sweet“甜的”；pure“純的”；heavy“重的”；much“許多”。根據(jù)下句的回答可知演講人問一杯水的重量，選C。3．B．fromC．with D．between解析：選B考查介詞辨析。從句意可知人們的猜測(cè)從20克到500克不等，rangefrom...to“從……到……不等”。4．B．volumeC．weightD．quantity解析：選C考查名詞辨析。height“高”；volume“體積”；weight“重量”；quantity“數(shù)量”。從后文可知演講人認(rèn)為一杯水的重量對(duì)于人們能端著的時(shí)間沒多大關(guān)系，選C。5．B．longC．tightD．high解析：選B考查形容詞辨析。difficult“困難的”；long“長(zhǎng)的”；tight“緊的”；high“高的”。根據(jù)后句“butthelongerIholdit”，可知選B。6．B．secondC．dayD．half解析：選A考查名詞辨析。hour“小時(shí)”；second“秒”；day“天”；half“一半”。根據(jù)下文day判斷演講人是假設(shè)人們舉一個(gè)小時(shí)的杯子，選A。7．B．inviteC．requireD．a(chǎn)sk解析：選A考查動(dòng)詞辨析。call“喊，打電話”；invite“邀請(qǐng)”；require“要求”；ask“問”。從語(yǔ)境可知如果端一天杯子，那么就會(huì)進(jìn)醫(yī)院，所以選A。8．B．sameC．properD．usual解析：選B考查形容詞辨析。right“正確的，右邊的”；same“同樣的”；proper“恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保籾sual“通常的”。從上文可知演講人是說端同樣的杯子，但是時(shí)間不同，故選B。9．B．lighterC．lessD．heavier解析：選D考查形容詞辨析。more“更多”；lighter“更輕”；less“更少”；heavier“更重”。本句是“the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知此處是指重量，舉杯子的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，杯子就變得越重，選D。10．B．UnlessC．IfD．Since解析：選C考查連詞辨析。while“當(dāng)……時(shí)”；unless“除非”；if“如果”；since“自從”。從內(nèi)容可知演講人是假設(shè)一種情況，選C。11．orlaterB．littlebylittleC．nowandthenD．sometimes解析：選A考查短語(yǔ)辨析。soonerorlater“遲早”；littlebylittle“逐漸地”；nowandthen“時(shí)?！保籹ometimes“有時(shí)”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知如果人們一直背負(fù)著壓力，那么遲早會(huì)垮掉，選A。12．B．soC．tooD．quite解析：選C考查副詞辨析。rather“相當(dāng)”；so“于是”；too“太”；quite“相當(dāng)，非?！薄８鶕?jù)上文內(nèi)容可知此處指壓力太大而不能承受，too...to“太……而不能”，選C。13．a(chǎn)sideB．putdownC．putawayD．putback解析：選B考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。putaside“暫不考慮；儲(chǔ)存”；putdown“放下”；putaway“收起，放好”；putback“放回”。根據(jù)空格后面內(nèi)容可以推斷說話人建議人們可以放下杯子，休息后再重新舉起，選B。14．B．forC．a(chǎn)fterD．before解析：選D考查介詞辨析。by“由，被”；for“為了”；after“在……之后”；before“在……之前”。在重新舉起之前休息一下，故選D。15．ifB．evenifC．sothatD．a(chǎn)ssoonas解析：選C考查連詞辨析。asif“仿佛，好像”；evenif“即使”；sothat“為了”；assoonas“一……就”。從句意可知后句是表示目的，句意：我們要暫時(shí)放下負(fù)擔(dān)以便我們能夠恢復(fù)一下體力。故選C。16．B．cleanC．leaveD．return解析：選D考查動(dòng)詞辨析。approach“接近”；clean“打掃”；leave“離開”；return“歸還，回去(來)”，returnhomefromwork“下班回家”，選D。17．B．dutyC．lifeD．work解析：選D考查名詞辨析。task“任務(wù)”；duty“責(zé)任”；life“生活，生命”；work“工作”。根據(jù)前句“fromwork”判斷作者建議讓人們放下工作中的壓力，選D。18．B．officeC．homeD．family解析：選C考查名詞辨析。company“公司”；office“辦公室”；home“家”；family“家庭”。根據(jù)上句中home可知是不要把工作帶回家，選C。19．B．heartC．shouldersD．hands解析：選C考查名詞辨析。body“身體”；heart“心臟”；shoulders“肩膀”；hands“手”。句意：不管你現(xiàn)在肩負(fù)著什么重?fù)?dān)，如果能夠的話暫時(shí)把它放下。所以選C。20．B．likeC．doD．enjoy解析：選D考查名詞辨析。love“愛”；like“喜歡”；do“做”；enjoy“喜歡”。從上文內(nèi)容可知演講者建議人們不要總是背負(fù)著重任，要懂得休息，要享受生活，選D。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空Iamtaughtbymanyteachersinmyschool.Everysubjecthasa(differ)teacher,butIlikemymathteacher(well)．HernameisLakshmibutweusuallycallherMa'am.Sheisourclassteachertoo.Ma'am(join)uslastterm.Sheisverykindandher