2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題_第1頁
2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題_第2頁
2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題_第3頁
2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題_第4頁
2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩13頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

2022年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語二真題

(總分:12.15,做題時間:180分鐘)

一、SectionIUseofEnglish(總題數(shù):I,分?jǐn)?shù):0.00)

1.Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,Cor

DontheANSWERSHEET.

HarlanCobenbelievesthatifyou'reawriter,you'11findthetime;andthatifyou

can'tfindthetime,thenwritingisn'tapriorityandyou,renotawriter.Forhim,

writingisa[Al]job-ajob1ikeanyother.Hehas[A2]itwithplumbing,

pointingoutthataplumberdoesn'twakeupandsaythathecan,tworkwithpipestoday.

[A3],likemostwritersthesedays,you'reholidaydownajobtopaythebills,

it'snot[A4]tofindthetimetowrite.Butit,snotimpossible.Itrequires

determinationandsingle-mindedness.[A5]thatmostbestsellingauthorsbegan

writingwhentheyweredoingotherthingstoearnaliving.Andtoday,evenwriterswhoare

fairly[A6]oftenhavetodootherworkto[A7]theirwritingincome.

AsHarlanCobenhassuggested,it'sa[A8]______ofpriorities.Tomakewritinga

priority,you'11haveto[A9]someofyourday-to-dayactivitiesandsomethings

youreallyenjoy.Dependingonyour[A10]andyourlifestyle,thatmightmean

spendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionorlisteningtomusic,thoughsomepeoplecanwrite

[All]theylistentomusic.Youmighthaveto[A12]theamountofexercise

orsportyoudo.You'11havetomakesocialmediaan[A13]activityratherthana

daily,time-consuming[A14].There'11probablyhavetobelesssocializingwith

yourfriendsandlesstimewithyourfamily.It'sa[A15]learningcurve,andit

won'talwaysmakeyoupopular.

There,sjustonethingyoushouldtrytokeepatleastsometimefor,[A16]your

writing-andthat*sreading.Anywriterneedstoreadasmuchandaswidelyastheycan;

it'stheone[A17]supporter-somethingyoucan'tdowithout.

Timeisfinite.Theolderyouget,the[A18]itseemstogo.Weneedtouseitas

carefullyandas[A19]______aswecan.Thatmeansprioritisingouractivitiessothatwe

spendmosttimeonthethingswereallywanttodo.Ifyou'reawriter,that

means[A20]writing

(分?jǐn)?shù):1.95)

(1).[Al](分?jǐn)?shù):LOO)

A.difficult

B.normalJ

C.steady

D.pleasant

解析:difficult困難norma1正常的steady持續(xù)地、平穩(wěn)地pleasant討人喜歡的。翻譯:對

HarlanCoben來說,作家就是一個—工作一一同其他工作沒有什么差別。根據(jù)破折號后面的解釋,對

HarlanCoben來說,作家只是一個普通平常的工作,并無特別之處,B正確。

(2).[A2](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.combined

B.comparedJ

C.confused

D.confronted

解析:combine結(jié)合、混合compare比較confuseconfront面對翻譯:HarlanCoben拿作家這個工作

跟修管道,指出管道工不會第二天起床并且說今天我不從事修管道了.上一段指出writerisnormal

job,然后跟plumber進行了一個對比,plumbernormaljob,writer也是。B正確。

(3).[A3]一(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.IfJ

B.Though

C.Once

D.Unless

解析:if如果though然而once曾經(jīng)、一...就...unless除非翻譯:像大部分作家一樣,你維持

了一份工作去生計,對你來說抽時間去寫作將不那么容易.空格處填寫一個連詞,表達兩個句子之間的關(guān)

系,如果你像大部分的作家一樣,擁有一份其他的工作來維持生計,那么你就將沒有很多時間去寫作,兩

個是因果關(guān)系。A正確。

(4).[A4](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.enough

B.strange

C.wrong

D.easyJ

解析:enough足夠strange奇怪wrong錯誤的easy容易翻譯:如果你像大部分作家那樣擁有一份其

他的工作去維持生計,那么多你來說不抽時間來寫作.根據(jù)題意,ifyouholddownajobtopay

thebill(有一份工作去賺錢生活),那么抽時間寫作不是很容易,D正確。

(5).【A5】(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.Accept

B.Explain

C.RememberJ

D.Suppose

解析:accept接受explain解釋remember記住suppose假設(shè)翻譯:__這個事實,大部分暢俏作家開

始寫作的時候,都是有另一份工作來維持生計的。上一句,Itrequiredeterminationandsingle-

mindedness,表明一邊工作一邊寫作需要決心跟專注,然后指出大部分的暢銷書作者都是這樣過來的,

remenberthat(記?。?,C正確。

(6).[A6](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.well-knownV

B.well-advised

C.well-informed

D.wel1-chosen

解析:well-known眾所周知的well-advised謹(jǐn)慎的well-informed見多識廣的well-chosen精選的

翻譯:現(xiàn)在,甚至是相對—作家都必須去做其他的工作來補貼他們的寫作收入。根據(jù)前文,有名的作家

都是一邊工作一邊寫作的,and表遞進,指出同樣是有名的作家,現(xiàn)在也需要工作來補貼寫作的收入。A

正確。

⑺.【A7】(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.donate

B.generate

C.supplementV

D.calculate

解析:donate捐獻generate產(chǎn)生supplement補充、增補calculate計算、估算翻譯:現(xiàn)在甚至是相

對有名的作家也需要做其他工作來—他們的寫作收入。捐獻/產(chǎn)生/補貼/計算通過其他工作只能是補貼

寫作收入,所以C正確。

(8).[A8](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.cause

B.purpose

C.question

D.conditionJ

解析:cause原因purpose意圖、計劃question問題condition條件、影響、代價翻譯:正如Halan

Coben所表明的,這是優(yōu)先選擇的—,如果寫作優(yōu)先,你就必須犧牲你的日常活動和你所喜歡的事情.

根據(jù)后面Tomakewritingapriority,you'11havetoscrificesomeofyourday-to-day

activitiesandsomethingyoureallyenjoy.表明,當(dāng)你更重視寫作一點,你就沒有時間去做你喜歡

的事,這就是代價,conditionofpriority。D正確。

(9).[A9](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.highlight

B.sacrificeJ

C.continue

D.explore

解析:highlight強調(diào)、突出sacrifice犧牲continue繼續(xù)explore探索翻譯:正如HalanCoben所

強調(diào)的,這就是優(yōu)先選擇的代價,如果你把寫作作為優(yōu)先事項,你就必須—你的日?;顒痈阆矚g的事

情。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系,如果你偏重寫作,你就沒有時間干其他的,所以你要犧牲你的日常時間跟活動,B正

確。

(10).[A10](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.relations

B.interestsJ

C.memories

D.skills

解析:relation關(guān)系interest興趣memory記憶力ski11技巧翻譯:根據(jù)你的—和生活方式,有的

人意味著更少的時間看電視跟聽音樂,然而有一部分人可以邊聽音樂邊寫作。and連接兩個并列的詞,

lifestyle跟interest并列。B正確。

(11).[All]一(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.until

B.because

C.whileJ

D.before

解析:until直...到..because因為while當(dāng)....before在...之前翻譯:根據(jù)你的興趣和生活方

式,有的人意味著更少的時間看電視跟聽音樂,然而有一部分人可以寫作—他在聽音樂的時候。though

表轉(zhuǎn)折,前面說lesstimewatchingtelevisionor1isteningtomusic,后面應(yīng)該是表達,一邊聽音

樂一邊寫作,while當(dāng)...時候。C正確。

(12).[A12](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.putupwith

B.makeupfor

C.hangonto

D.cutdownonJ

解析:putupwith忍受、容忍makeupfor彌補hangonto緊緊握住cutdownon減少、節(jié)省翻

譯:你可能需要你的活動和運動的次數(shù).根據(jù)前面的,spendinglesstimewatchingtelevisionor

listeningtomusic,可知,應(yīng)該是減少活動和運動的次數(shù),D正確。

(13).[A13]一(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.intelligent

B.occasional

C.intensive

D.emotional

解析;intelligent智力、有才智的occasional偶爾的、臨時的intensive強烈的emotional有感染

力的翻譯:你必須使社交媒體成為一個活動,而不是一個日常的、耗時的習(xí)慣。insteadof連接兩個

相反意思的形容詞,adaily,time-consuming跟occasional意思相反。B正確。

(14).[A14](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.habitV

B.test

C.decision

D.plan

解析:habit習(xí)慣best最好的decision決定plan計劃翻譯:你必須使社交媒體成為一個偶爾的活

動,而不是一個日常的、耗時的___oinsteadof連接兩個意思想法的形容詞,一個是occational一

個是time-consuming,同理activity跟空格處的詞對應(yīng)。activity對應(yīng)habit。偶爾的活動跟耗時的

習(xí)慣。A正確。

(15).[A15](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.toughJ

B.gentle

C.rapid

D.funny

解析:tough棘手的、艱難的gentle文靜的、柔和的rapid快速的funny有趣的翻譯:這是___的學(xué)

習(xí)曲線,并且不總讓你受到歡迎??崭裉幪顚懶稳菰~,根據(jù)后文itwon*talwaysmakeyoupopular可

知,空格處的形容詞,是貶義的,相比于gentlefunnyrapid,tough艱難的更合適。A正確。

(16).[A16]一(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.inplaceof

B.inchargeof

C.inresponseto

D.inadditiontoJ

解析:inplaceof代替inchargeof掌管inresponceof回應(yīng)inadditionto除...之外翻譯:

—寫作之外,還有一件事你應(yīng)該至少留一段時間那就是閱讀。根據(jù)前面lesstimewatching

television,cutdownontheamountofexercise,makesocialmediaanoccasionalactivity,

本段應(yīng)該為除了寫作之外,你應(yīng)該留一點時間給閱讀。D正確。

(17).[A17](分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.indispensableJ

B.innovative

C.invisible

D.instant

解析:indispensable不可缺少的innovative創(chuàng)新的invisible無形的instant立即翻譯:任何寫作

和寫出來的作品都需要廣泛的閱讀,這是一個——要素,沒有它你就不能寫作。根據(jù)題意,空格填寫一個

形容詞,indispensablesupporter不可或缺的要素。A正確。

(18).[A18]一(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.duller

B.harder

C.quieter

D.quickerV

解析:dull遲鈍的、不活躍的hard艱難的quiet安靜的quick快速的翻譯:時間是有限的,你變得

越老,它走的越.后一句,Weneedtouseitsocarefully(我們要有效的利用時間),以及時

間是有限的,可知,當(dāng)我們越老的時候,所剩下的時間不多了,它流逝的也就越快。D正確。

(19).[A19]____(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.peacefully

B.generously

C.productivelyJ

D.gratefully

解析:peacefully平靜地generously慷慨地productively有成果地gratefully感激地翻譯:我們

要盡可能小心和一地利用時間。本段第一句是,Timeisfinite(時間是有限的),然后and連接兩個

并列的詞語,productively有效率的。C正確。

(20).[A20]—(分?jǐn)?shù):0.05)

A.atmost

B.inturn

C.onaverage

D.aboveallJ

解析:atmost最多inturn轉(zhuǎn)而、依次onaverage平均aboveall最重要的是、尤其是翻譯:優(yōu)先

考慮活動,讓我們把大部分時間花在我們真正想做的事情上,如果你是作家,那么—就是寫作.如果你

是作家(ifyouareawriter),最重要的就是寫作了,thatmeanthethingswereallywanttodo

iswritingo最重要的就是寫作。D正確。

二、SectionIIReadingComprehension(總題數(shù):5,分?jǐn)?shù):0.00)

2.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text1

Onarecentsunnyday,13,000chickensroamoverLarryBrown,s40windsweptacresin

Shiner,Texas.Somerestintheshadeofaparkedcar.Othersdrinkwaterwiththecows.

Thisallseemsrandom,butit'sbydesign,partofwhatthe$6.1billionU.S.eggindustry

betswillbeitsnextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs.

Theseeggs,whicharemakingtheirdebutnowonshelvesforasmuchas$8adozen,arestill

labeledorganicandanimal-friendly,butthey'realsofrombirdsthatliveonfarmsusing

regenerativeagriculture-specialtechniquestocultivaterichsoilsthatcantrap

greenhousegases.Sucheggscouldbemarketedashelpingtofightclimatechange.

"I'mexcitedaboutourprogress,“saysBrown,whoharvestseggsforDenver-based

NestFreshEggsandisaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickens

toeat.Thebirds'wastethenfertilizesfields.Suchimprovements“allowourhensto

forageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeedthatwillbegoodfortheland,thehens,andthe

eggsthatwesupplytoourcustomers.”

Theeggindustry,spushisthefirstmajortestofwhetheranimalproductsfrom

regenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering.Inbarelymorethanadecade,

organiceggswentfrombeingdismissedasanicheproductinnaturalfoodsstorestobeing

soldatWalmart.Morerecentlythereweresimilardoubtsaboutprobioticsandplant-based

meats,butbothhaveexplodedintomajorsupermarketcategories.Ifthesustainable-egg

rolloutissuccessful,itcouldopenthefloodgatesforregenerativebeef,broccoli,and

beyond.

Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell,becausetheconceptistoughtodefinequickly,

saysJulieStanton,associateprofessorofagriculturaleconomicsatPennsylvaniaState

UniversityBrandywine.Suchfarmingalsobringsminimal,ifany,improvementtothefood

products(thoughsomeproducerssaytheireggshavemoreprotein).

Theindustryisbettingthatthesameconsumerspayingmoreforpremiumattributessuchas

free-range,non-GMO,andpasture-raisedeggswillembracesustainability.Surveysshowthat

youngergenerationsaremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange,andsomeofthesuccessof

plant-basedmeatcanbechalkeduptoshopperswantingtosignaltheirdesiretoprotectthe

environment.Youngadultsareallycareabouttheplanet,“saysJohnBrunnquel1,president

ofEggInnovations."TheyareabsolutelyalteringthefoodchainbeyondwhatIthinkeven

theyunderstandwhatthey"redoing.”

(分?jǐn)?shù):1.80)

(1).Theclimate-friendlyeggsareproduced.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)

A.ataconsiderablylowcost

B.atthedemandofregularshoppers

C.asareplacementfororganiceggs

D.onspeciallydesignedfarmsJ

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞climate-friendlyeggs定位到第一段末句:Thisallseems

random,butit'sbydesign,partof...nextbigthing:climate-friendlyeggs(這看起來隨

意,但其實是設(shè)計好的,是下一個大事件氣候友好蛋的一部分)。其中This指的是第一段開頭描述的養(yǎng)雞

農(nóng)場景象。養(yǎng)雞農(nóng)場是設(shè)計好的,用于生產(chǎn)氣候友好蛋,由此可知氣候友好蛋是在speciallydesigned

farms(經(jīng)過特別設(shè)計的農(nóng)場)上生產(chǎn)的,所以本題選D。

(2).LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogressin.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.reducingthedamageofclimatechange

B.acceleratingthedisposalofwaste

C.creatingasustainablesystemJ

D.attractingcustomerstohisproducts

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞LarryBrownisexcitedabouthisprogress定位到第三段①

句,該句提至(Brown)isaddingmorecovercropsthatdrawwormsandcricketsforthechickens

toeal(Brown正在添加更多的覆蓋作物來吸引蠕蟲和蟋蟀給雞吃)。結(jié)合②句Thebirds'wastethen

ferti1izesfields(然后雞的排泄物可以給田地施肥)和③句中的Suchimprovements"allowourhens

toforageforhigher-qualitynaturalfeed...”(這樣的改進使我們的母雞能夠找到更高質(zhì)量的天然

食物)可知,C項creatingasustainablesystem(創(chuàng)造一個可持續(xù)的系統(tǒng))是對①-③句的合理概括,所

以本題選C。

(3).TheexampleoforganiceggsisusedinParagraph4tosuggest____.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.thedoubtsovernaturalfeeds

B.thesetbacksintheeggindustry

C.thepotentialofregenerativeproductsJ

D.thepromotionalsuccessofsupermarkets

解析:本題為例證題。例證題通常考查根據(jù)論據(jù)尋找論點的能力,論點一般在論據(jù)的前面。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵

詞organiceggs定位到第四段②句,該句為論據(jù),其所要說明的事物為①句:whetheranimalproducts

fromregenerativefarmscanbecomethenextpremiumoffering(來自再生農(nóng)場的動物產(chǎn)品能否成為

下一個優(yōu)質(zhì)產(chǎn)品)。C項thepotentialofregenerativeproducts(再生產(chǎn)品的潛力)是對①句中問題的

合理概括,所以本題選C。

(4).Itcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphthatyoungpeople.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.arereluctanttochangetheirdiet

B.arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggsJ

C.arecuriousaboutnewfood

D.areamazedatagricultureadvances

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的youngpeople可先定位到最后一段中的②句:youngergenerations

aremoreconcernedaboutclimatechange(年輕一代更加關(guān)心氣候變化)。結(jié)合③句中的Youngadults

**reallycareabouttheplanet”(年輕人真的關(guān)心地球)和④句中的Theyareabsolutelyaltering

thefoodchain(他們絕對在改變食物鏈),可以判斷年輕人很可能在從食物方面為改善氣候和地球環(huán)境做

貢獻。B項arelikelytobuyclimate-friendlyeggs(可能購買氣候友好蛋)是對②-④句的合理推斷,

所以本題選B。

(5).JohnBrunnquellwoulddisagreewithJulieStantonoverregenerativeproduct,s.

(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.marketprospectsJ

B.standarddefinition

C.nutritionalvalue

D.moralimplication

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的JohnBrunnquel】定位到最后一段中的③句,Brunnquell說年輕人

真的關(guān)心地球。結(jié)合④句他說年輕人絕對在改變食物鏈,可見他認(rèn)為年輕人可能通過消費氣候友好蛋等再

生產(chǎn)品來保護地球,對再生產(chǎn)品的市場前景是樂觀的。再根據(jù)題干中的JulieStanton定位到倒數(shù)第二段

的①句,Stanton說Regenerativeproductscouldbeahardsell(再生產(chǎn)品可能要被強行推銷),可見

她對再生產(chǎn)品的市場前景是悲觀的。因此這兩人在再生產(chǎn)品的市場前景方面的觀點是不一致的,A項

marketprospects(市場前景)準(zhǔn)確指出了兩人觀點的分歧所在,所以本題選A。

3.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text2

MoreAmericansareoptingtoworkwellintoretirement,agrowingtrendthatthreatenstoup

endtheoldworkforcemodel.

OneinthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementto

prepareforalongerlife,accordingtoasurveyconductedbyHarrisPol1forTDAmeritrade.

Evenmoresurprisingisthatmorethanhalfof“unretirees”-thosewhoplantoworkin

retirementorwentbacktoworkafterretiring-saidtheywouldbeemployedintheirlater

yearseveniftheyhadenoughmoneytosettledown,thesurveyshowed.

Financialneedsaren,ttheonlyculpritforthe“unretirement"trend.Otherreasons,

accordingtothestudy,includepersonalfulfillmentsuchasstayingmentallyfit,

preventingboredomoravoidingdepression.

“Theconceptofretirementisevolving,wsaidChristineRussell,seniormanagerof

retirementatTDAmeritrade."It'snotjustaboutfinances.Thevalueofworkisalso

drivingfolkstocontinueworkingpastretirement.”

Onereasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger.Theshareof

thepopulation65andolderwas16%in2018,up3.2%fromtheprioryear,accordingtothe

U.S.CensusBureau.That,salsoup30.2%since2010.

Becauseoflongerlifespans,Americansarealsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheir

nesteggs,theTDAmeritradestudyshowed,whichsurveyed2,000adultsbetween40to79.Six

in10"unretirees”areincreasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,

accordingtothesurvey.Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,

isbyreducingtheiroverallexpenses,securinglifeinsuranceormaximizingtheir

contributionstoretirementaccounts.

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodoso

becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss,a

co-founderatBaltimore-basedfinancial-planningfirmFacetWealth.Hesuggestedthat

preretireesshouldspeakwithafinancialadvisertosetlong-termfinancialgoals.

“Themostchallengingmomentsinlifearegettingmarried,startingafamilyandultimately

retiring,“Weisssaid."It'snotjustafinancialdecision,butanemotionalone.Many

peoplebelievetheycan'tretire.”

(分?jǐn)?shù):1.80)

(1).ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPollindicatesthat.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)

A.overhalfoftheretireesarephysicallyfitforwork

B.theoldworkforceisasactiveastheyoungeronedoes

C.oneinthreeAmericansenjoyearlierretirement

D.moreAmericansarewi11ingtoworkinretirementJ

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞ThesurveyconductedbyHarrisPoll定位到第二段①句:One

inthreeAmericanswhoareatleast40haveorplantohaveajobinretirementtoprepare

foralongerlife。D項中的arewillingtoworkinretirement(愿意在退休后工作)是對原文have

orplantohaveajobinretirement(已經(jīng)或計劃在退休后獲得一份工作)的同義轉(zhuǎn)述,所以本題選

Do

(2).ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3thatAmericanstendtothinkthat.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.retirementmaycauseproblemsforthemJ

B.boredomcanberelievedafterretirement

C.thementalhealthofretireesisoverlooked

D.aunretirementwcontributestotheeconomy

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Paragraph3定位到第三段,Americanstendtothinkthat在

第三段中沒有對應(yīng)內(nèi)容,第三段整體分析了美國人選擇在退休后繼續(xù)工作的原因。①句說明經(jīng)濟需求不是

唯一原因,②句列舉了其他原因,諸如保持精神健康,避免無聊或沮喪,由此可反推,美國人認(rèn)為退休會

給自身帶來此類問題,所以本題選A。

(3).Retirementpatternsarechangingpartlydueto.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.laborshortage

B.populationgrowth

C.longerlifeexpectancyJ

D.risinglivingcosts

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Retirementpatternsarechanging定位到第五段①句One

reasonforthechangeinretirementpatterns:Americansarelivinglonger0C項longerlife

expectancy(更長的預(yù)期壽命)為該句中Americansarelivinglonger(美國人的壽命越來越長)的同義轉(zhuǎn)

述,所以本題選C。

(4).Manyretireesareincreasingtheirsavingsby.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.investingmoreinstocks

B.takingupoddjobs

C.gettingwell-paidwork

D.spendinglessJ

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞increasingtheirsavings可定位到第六段①句Americansare

alsoboostingtheirsavingstopreservetheirnesteggs,及②句Sixin10"unretirees”are

increasingtheirsavingsinanticipationofalongerlife,這兩句都在描述美國人增加儲蓄的事

實,緊承的③句Amongthemostpopularwaystheyaredoingthis,thecompanysaid,isby

reducingtheiroverallexpenses提出了最受歡迎的方式之一減少總體開支,對應(yīng)了D項,所以本題選

Do

(5).Withregardtoretirement,BrentWeissthinksthatmanypeopleare.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.unprepared7

B.unafraid

C.disappointed

D.enthusiastic

解析:本題為細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Kithregardtoretirement,BrentWeiss定位到第七段①句

Unfortunately,manypeoplewhoareoptingtoworkinretirementarepreparingtodoso

becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears,saidBrentWeiss0由該

句becausetheyareworriedaboutmakingendsmeetintheirlateryears(因為他們擔(dān)心晚年入不

敷出)可推知,許多人并沒有準(zhǔn)備好退休,對應(yīng)了A項,所以本題選A。

4.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text3

Wehaveallencounteredthem,inbothourpersonalandprofessionallives.Thinkaboutthe

timesyoufelttrickedorfrustratedbyamembershiporsubscriptionthathadaseamless

sign-upprocessbutwaslaterdifficulttocancel.Somethingthatshouldbesimpleand

transparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyorunintentionally,inwaysthatimpair

consumerchoice.Theseareexamplesofdarkpatterns.

Firstcoinedin2010byuserexperienceexpertHarryBrignull,“darkpatterns"isacatch-

al1termforpracticesthatmanipulateuserinterfacestoinfluencethedecision-making

abilityofusers.Brignullidentifies12typesofcommondarkpatterns,rangingfrom

misdirectionandhiddencoststoaroachmotel,whereauserexperienceseemseasyand

intuitiveatthestart,butturnsdifficultwhentheusertriestogetout.

Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthatabout

onein10employsthesedesignpractices.Thoughwidelyprevalent,theconceptofdark

patternsisstillnotwellunderstood.Businessandnonproftleadersshouldbeawareofdark

patternsandtrytoavoidthegrayareastheyengender.

Whereisthelinebetweenethical,persuasivedesignanddarkpatterns?Businessesshould

engageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,andlegalteamstoreviewtheirprivacy

policy,andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperiencedesignersandcoders

responsibleforthecompany,suserinterface,aswellasthemarketersandadvertisers

responsibleforsign-ups,checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyoralltheseteams

canplayaroleincreatingoravoiding“digitaldeception.”

Lawmakersandregulatorsareslowlystartingtoaddresstheambiguityarounddarkpatterns,

mostrecentlyatthestatelevel.InMarch,theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedthe

approvalofadditionalregulationsundertheCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that

44ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfusedormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdata

privacyrights."Theregulationsaimtobandarkpatterns-thismeansprohibitingcompanies

fromusing"confusinglanguageorunnecessarystepssuchasforcingthemtoclickthrough

multiplescreensorlistentoreasonswhytheyshouldn,toptout.”

Asmorestatesconsiderpromulgatingadditionalregulations,thereisaneedforgreater

accountabilityfromwithinthebusinesscommunity.Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedona

self-regulatorybasis,butonlyiforganizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjustto

legalrequirements,butalsotoindustrybestpracticesandstandard.

(分?jǐn)?shù):1.80)

(1).Itcanbelearnedfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatdarkpatterns.(分?jǐn)?shù):1.00)

A.improveuserexperiences

B.leakuserinformationforprofit

C.undermineusers*decision-makingJ

D.remindusersofhiddencosts

解析:Somethingthatshouldbesimpleandtransparentcanbecomplicated,intentionallyor

unintentionally,inwaysthatimpairconsumerchoice.Theseareexampleofdarkpatterns.一

些應(yīng)該簡單和透明的東西可能是有意或無意的,會損害消費者的選擇,我們把這種模式稱為“dark

pattern"。impairconsemerchoice品艮undermineusers*decision-making同義,C正確。

(2).The2019studyondarkpatternsismentionedtoshow.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.theirmajorflaws

B.theircomplexdesigns

C.theirseveredamage

D.theirstrongpresenceV

解析:Ina2019studyof53,000productpagesand11,000websites,researchersfoundthat

aboutonein10employsthesedesignpractices.在2019年一項針對5.3萬個產(chǎn)品頁面和1.1萬個

網(wǎng)站的研究中,研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),其中大約十分之一采用了這些設(shè)計模式。作者主要是想體現(xiàn)出dark

pattern大量存在。D選項正確。

(3).Tohandledigitaldeception,businessesshould.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.listentocustomerfeedback

B.talkwithrelevantteamsV

C.turntoindependentagencies

D.relyonprofessionaltraining

解析:BusinessesshouldengageinconversationswithIT,compliance,risk,and1egaIteams

toreviewtheirprivacypolicy.andincludeinthediscussionthecustomer/userexperience

designersandcodersresponsibleforthecompany*suserinterface,aswellasthemarketers

andadvertisersresponsibleforsign-ups.checkoutbaskets,pricing,andpromotions.Anyor

alltheseteamscanplayaroleincreatingoravoiding"digitaldeception*.企業(yè)應(yīng)該與IT>

合規(guī)、風(fēng)險和法律團隊進行對話,以審查他們的隱私政策。并在討論中包括負(fù)責(zé)公司用戶界面的客戶/用

戶體驗設(shè)計人員和程序員,以及負(fù)責(zé)注冊的市場營銷人員和廣告商。結(jié)賬籃、定價和促銷活動。任何一個

或所有這些團隊都可以在創(chuàng)造或避免“數(shù)字欺騙”中發(fā)揮作用。B正確。

(4).TheadditionalregulationsundertheCCPAareintendedto.(分?jǐn)?shù):0.20)

A.guideusersthroughopt-outprocesses

B.protectconsumersfrombeingtrickedV

C.grantcompaniesdataprivacyrights

D.restrictaccesstoproblematiccontent

解析:theCaliforniaAttorneyGeneralannouncedtheapprovalofadditionalregulationsunder

theCaliforniaConsumerPrivacyAct(CCPA)that“ensurethatconsumerswillnotbeconfused

ormisledwhenseekingtoexercisetheirdataprivacyrights.*加州司法部長宣布批準(zhǔn)根據(jù)《加

州消費者隱私法案》(CCPA)制定的額外規(guī)定,以“確保消費者在尋求行使數(shù)據(jù)隱私權(quán)時不會被混淆或誤

導(dǎo)?!奔幢Wo消費者不受到欺騙,B正確。

(5).Accordingtothelastparagraph,akeytocopingwithdarkpatternsis.(分?jǐn)?shù):

0.20)

A.newlegalrequirements

B.businesses*self-disciplineJ

C.strictregulatorystandards

D.consumers,safetyawareness

解析:Darkpatternsalsocanbeaddressedonaself-regulatorybasis,butsonlyif

organizationsholdthemselvesaccountable,notjusttolegalrequirements,butalsoto

industrybestpracticesandstandards.Darkpattern也可以在自我監(jiān)管的基礎(chǔ)上得到解決,但只有

當(dāng)企業(yè)對自己負(fù)責(zé),不僅對法律要求,而且對行'業(yè)最佳實踐和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)負(fù)責(zé)。所以解決darkpattern的關(guān)鍵

是businesses'self-discipline”企業(yè)的自覺〃。B正確。

5.PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.

Text4

Althoughethicsclassesarecommonaroundtheworld,scientistsareunsureiftheirlessons

canactuallychangebehavior;evidenceeitherwayisweak,relyingoncontrivedlaboratory

testsorsometimesunreliab

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論