2018中考英語語法專題被動(dòng)語態(tài)講解練習(xí)

被動(dòng)語態(tài)一、語態(tài)：是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用于說明主語與謂語之間的關(guān)系。①英語的語態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。②主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示：主語是動(dòng)作的履行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示：主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。③只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。④被動(dòng)語態(tài)謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)造為：bedone（過去分詞）。⑤漢語常常用“被”、“受”、“給”等詞來表示被動(dòng)意義。二、八大時(shí)態(tài)的主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)比較：主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)助動(dòng)詞一般此刻時(shí)do/doesam/is/aredoneam/is/are一般過去時(shí)didwas/weredonewas/were一般未來時(shí)willdowillbedonewillam/is/aregoingtodoam/is/aregoingtobedoneam/is/are過去未來時(shí)woulddowouldbedonewouldwas/weregoingtodowas/weregoingtobedonewas/were此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/aredoingam/is/arebeingdoneam/is/are過去進(jìn)行時(shí)wasweredoingwas/werebeingdonewas/were此刻達(dá)成時(shí)have/hasdonehave/hasbeendonehave/has過去達(dá)成時(shí)haddonehadbeendonehad神態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/mustdocan/may/mustbedonecan/may/must三、用法1、一般此刻時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（am/is/aredone）Childrenlovethesesongs.Janelooksafterthecat.主謂賓主謂賓Thesesongsarelovedbychildren.ThecatislookedafterbyJane.主謂狀主謂狀注：主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語→被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語只有及物動(dòng)詞（組）才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞（組）沒有賓語，即沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，前面需加by—“被”。2、主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)11）短語動(dòng)詞短語動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不行切割的整體，在變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不行扔掉介詞或副詞。Peoplespeaktooldmenpolitelyhere.這里的人們對(duì)老人發(fā)言有禮貌?！鶲ldmenarespokentopolitelyherebypeople.2）帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞帶雙賓語的動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)有兩種方式，可分別將間接賓語和直接賓語轉(zhuǎn)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語。WeoftengivehimanicepresentatChristmas.HeisoftengivenanicepresentatChristmasbyus.→AnicepresentisoftengiventohimatChristmasbyus.3）帶復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞賓語加賓補(bǔ)組成復(fù)合賓語。變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把賓語變主語，本來的賓語補(bǔ)足語成為被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語補(bǔ)足語。TheteachercallshimPeter.

HeiscalledPeterbytheteacher.感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役動(dòng)詞let,make,have等后跟省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)，在變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，應(yīng)加上不定式符號(hào)to。Hemakesthegirlstayathome.→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim.（4）表達(dá)感情的動(dòng)詞如：interest(使感興趣)，worry(使煩惱)，surprise(使吃驚)，tire(使疲憊)，bore(使無聊)，move(使感人)等，可用被動(dòng)形式。Healwayssurprisesus.→Wearealwayssurprisedbyhim.練習(xí)（一）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)Weallloveourmotherlanddeeply._____________________________________________________Thisfactorymakesmobilephones._____________________________________________________Myparentsdon’tallowmetosmoke._____________________________________________________Theyoftenhearhersingsongsafterclass._____________________________________________________Mymotheralwaysmakesmeacakeonmybirthday._____________________________________________________Doyougrowriceinthesouth?_____________________________________________________2Thepolicemanmakestheyoungmanmovehiscar._____________________________________________________WhydotheycallhimMr.Know-all?_____________________________________________________9.Mostgirlsdon’tlikefootball._____________________________________________________（二）單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Canyoutellmehowtomakeapplejuice?—Sure.Pleasewatchcarefullyandyouwillseehowit______.2.—Whatacleanandbrightclassroom,isn’tit?—Yes,it’salwayscleanandbrightbecauseit______everyday.—Whatabeautifulfactory!—Well,workers______verymuchhere.—Howoften______yourschoolsportsmeeting______?—Everytwoyears.A.were;heldB.are;heldC.washeldD.is;held5.WelearnhowtosurftheInternetbecauseit______widely______intheworld.A.is;usedB.is;usingC.does;useD.was;used6.English______inmanycountries,butChinese______theirownlanguage.A.isspoken;speaksB.speaks;isspokenC.isspoken;speakD.isspoken;isspoken（三）用所給詞的適合形式填空1.Parents______________（respect）byChinesepeople.2.Shakespeare’sgreatestplay______________（call）Hamlet.3.Iamlookingforaman______________（name）Tom.4.Lunyu______________（think）tobeoneofthegreatestChinesebooks.5.Bettyisoftenseen______________（help）theoldmanwithhishousework.6.TheGreatWall______________（know）allovertheworld.7.Neitherofthem______________（make）inChina.8.He______________（make）______________（work）overtwelvehoursadaybytheboss.9.Thiskindofshoes______________（sell）well.10.Thepen______________（write）well.3、一般過去時(shí)和一般未來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（was/weredone;willbedone;am/is/aregoingtobedone）WebeatClassTwolasttime.

ClassTwowasbeatenbyuslasttime.PeoplewillaskLiuXiangtoappearinfilms.→LiuXiangwillbeaskedtoappearinfilms.Thefloorwillbesweptsoon.地不久就會(huì)掃的。3Thekniveswillbesharpenedsoon.到不久就會(huì)磨的。練習(xí)（一）將主動(dòng)語態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)Webuiltthebridgethreeyearsago._____________________________________________________Theywillpublishhisnewbooknextmonth._____________________________________________________Didtheybuildabridgeayearago?_____________________________________________________Wesawthemonkeyjumpoffthetree._____________________________________________________（二）將被動(dòng)語態(tài)改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)1.Theschoolsportsmeetingwon’tbeheldbythemnextweek._____________________________________________________Thestorywastoldtousbymygrandpa._____________________________________________________Whowasthebookwrittenby?_____________________________________________________Theyearbooksweretakenoutofthereadingroombysomebody._____________________________________________________（三）單項(xiàng)選擇—Youare______onthephone,Tony.—Yes,mum,______.A.wanted;I’mcomingB.called;I’mcomingC.needed;I’llcomeD.asked;I’llcome—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.—I’msorry,butI______whentoleave.A.don’ttellB.didn’ttellC.wasn’ttold3.I______totakepartintheEnglishspeechcontestlastweek.D.wasasked4.—Areyougoingtotheparty______atSmith’shomethisevening?—IwillifIamfree.D.tobeheld—Longtimenosee!—I’vejustreturned.I______toZhengzhouforameetinglastmonth.6.Theplay______atthetheatrenextSunday.7.—Who’sthelittlebabyinthephoto,Susan?4—It’sme.Thisphoto______tenyearsago.A.takesB.istakenC.tookD.wastaken8.Bettyisoftenseen______theoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helps9.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings______inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild10.—Whydidn’tyougotothepartylastnight?—BecauseI______.A.wasn’tinvitedB.didn’tinviteC.haven’tinvitedD.don’tinvited（四）用所給詞的適合形式填空1.—Wheredidyougolastnight?—I______________（ask）togotoLiLei’2.Attheparty,you______________（introduce）tothepresidenttomorrow.3.Atalkonscience______________（give）inourschoolnextyear.4.Thechildren______________（teach）toswimlastmonth.5.Wealllikereadingthebooks______________（write）byChiLi.6.Therecorder______________（repair）yesterday.Itworkswellnow.4、此刻達(dá)成時(shí)和神態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（have/hasbeendone;canbedone）Thebaskethasalreadybeenemptied.籃子已經(jīng)被凌空了。Theyhavealreadybeeninvited.他們已被邀請(qǐng)。5、此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)（am/is/arebeingdone）Thetreesarebeingcutdownnow.此刻正有人在砍樹。練習(xí)（一）句型變換1.Thepolicehavecaughtthethieves.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）_____________________________________________________2.Wecan’ttakebooksoutofthereadingroom.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）_____________________________________________________3.MayItakeaphotointhezoo?（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）_____________________________________________________4.Howlonghavethecomputerbeenusedbyyou?（改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)）_____________________________________________________5.Hasthebigtreebeencutdownbyhim?（改為主動(dòng)語態(tài)）_____________________________________________________56.Alltheinformationhasbeenusedforwritingthearticle.（對(duì)畫線部分發(fā)問）_____________________________________________________（二）用所給動(dòng)詞的適合形式填空1.Ithinkonedaybooksmay______________（replace取代）completely（完整地）.2.Papershouldn