大學(xué)英語四級考試?？荚囶}

大學(xué)英語四級考試預(yù)測試題二Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayaccordingtothefollowinginstructions.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.Dama*squaredanceculturehasgeneratedsomecontroversyrecently.Ontheonehand,Damasquaredancereflectssocialprogressandtheincreasinglycolorfullifeofseniorcitizens.Ontheotherhand,manycitizenswholivenearthesquarearedisturbedbythenoiseofDamasquaredance.WhatsyouropinionofDamasquaredance?Whatsyoursuggestiontowardtheproblem?ListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.A)Christmas-timeattacksmadebySomalirebels.C)Thekillingofmorethan70UgandansinKampala.AnexplosionatabusstationincentralNairobi.D)BlastssetoffbyaSomaligroupinUgandascapital.A)OnChristmasEve.C)Duringasecuritycheck.Justbeforemidnight.D)Inthesmallhoursofthemorning.Questions3and4willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.3.4.A)3.4.A)B)A)B)Itislikelytoclosemanyofitsstores.C)Itisknownforthequalityofitsgoods.Expanditsbusinessbeyondgroceries.C)Fire25,000ofitscurrentemployees.D)Itremainscompetitiveintherecession.D)Itwillexpanditsonlineretailbusiness.CutitsDVDpublishingbusiness.Sellthebusinessforonepound.Questions5to7willbebasedonthefollowingnewsitem.5.6.A)B5.6.A)B)A)B)Alltaxisbegantousemeters.Alltaxisgotairconditioning.Alowinterestloanscheme.C)Environmentalistsprotests.D)Advertisementswereallowedontaxis.Oldtaxiswerereplacedwithnewcabs.Taxipassengerscomplaints.Permissionforcaradvertising.7.A)Therearenomoreirregularpractices.C)Newcabsareallequippedwithmeters.Allnewcabsprovideair-conditioning.D)Newlegislationprotectsconsumerrights.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.ConversationOneQuestions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)A)A)A)Sheishard-working.C)Sheisbusyinthemorning.A)A)A)A)Sheishard-working.C)Sheisbusyinthemorning.Shehastocatchanearlybus.D)Itsbetterthaneveningexercise.C)Ithelpshimworkmoreefficiently.Hehastogotopartiesintheevening.Hehastopreparedinnerforthefamily.Shegetsuplateinthemorning.Youngpeopledonotneedtotakeexercise.D)Morningexerciseisgenerallyinformative.C)Theairisnotfreshintheevening.D)Hecantaffordthetime.Gohome.C)Gotothebusstop.Gotohisoffice.D)Sendhissontoschool.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)A)Colorado.Arizona.A)Archaeological.Biological.A)Inacave.Inariver.A)Solveamystery.B)Seethecanyon.TheMuseumofNaturalHistory.Meteorological.Sociological.Inatree.Inaboat.Findsomedriftwood.Takesomephotographs.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreeshortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)TheheadoftheAlumniOffice.C)Aprofessorofbusinessadministration.Adoctor.D)Astudentfromlastyearsprogram.A)Medicalinterns.C)Localbusinessexecutives.Undergraduatestudents.D)Alumnisponsors.A)Theygivemoneytosponsortheprogram.C)Theyprovidejobopportunities.Theywritelettersofrecommendation.D)TheyworkfortheAlumniOffice.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)TogivebackgroundinformationaboutSantaCatalinaIsland.TotelltheaudienceaboutnewbooksonSantaCatalina.Tointroduceatrainingfilmonbaseball.Totellpeopleaboutthemusicfromthe1930sand1940s.A)Abandleader.C)AnearlysettlerofSantaCatalina.Awealthybusinessman.D)AbaseballplayerfromChicago.A)Tosetupanexclusiveresort.C)Toestablishasummerretreatformusicians.Tobuildamarina.D)Tostartatrainingcampforabaseballteam.A)TraditionalPortuguesemusic.C)Big-bandmusic.Opera.D)MusiccomposedbyWrigley.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Recallingsomethingfromonesmemory.C)Conscience.Thepreparatorymethodinexams.D)Mansmind.A)Fromtheonestheyarefamiliarwithtothedifficultones.Fromtheshortonestothelongones.Fromthecomplicatedonestotheeasyones.Fromtheonestheyareconfidentoftothemoredifficultones.A)Whenyoucantrecallsomethinginstantly,youshouldtryyourbesttodoit.Whenyoucantrecallsomethinginstantly,youdbetterhaveanoperationonyourmind.C)Thesubconsciousactivitiesmaygotoworktodigupadimmemory.D)Forcingyourselftorecallmayloosenyourmemory.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Worriedaboutwhatpeoplearesayingaboutyou?Concernsaboutgossipcouldinfluencebehavior,includinggenerosity,researcherssaid.“Asitturnsout,theactofgossipcanindeedbequitepowerful,”saidJaredPiazzaofQueensUniversityinBelfast,NorthernIreland.PiazzaandJesseM.Beringastudiedthe26of72collegestudentswhowereaskedtodistributetokens(代金券)withamonetaryvaluebetweenthemselvesandsomeoneelse.Halfofthegroupwere27toldtheirdecisionwouldbediscussedwithathirdparty.“Participantswhoweretoldthatthereceiverwouldbecommunicatingtheireconomicdecisionwiththethirdpartywere28moregenerousintheirallocationsofthetokensthanparticipantswhowerenot29tobelievethattheirdecisionswouldbediscussed,”PiazzaandBeringasaidinthestudypublishedinthejournalHumanBehavior.Theyaddedthatthemost30strategyfromaneconomicstandpointwouldhavebeenforastudentto31all10tokenstohimorherself,butthethreatofgossipseemedtohave32theirdecision.Althoughgenderdidnotplayamajorroleinthestudy,menwereslightlymore33thanwomen.“Allocationsofmaleswere,onaverage,slightlygreaterthanallocationsoffemales,althoughtherewerealmosttwiceasmanyfemaleparticipants,”theresearchers34.Apreviousstudyshowedthatgossipismorepowerfulthantruth,suggestingpeoplebelievewhattheyhearthroughthegrapevineeveniftheyhaveevidencetothe35.addedI)allocatebeneficialJ)thoughtswayedK)contraryfabricatedL)alsoreactionsM)generousmadeN)ledstillO)economicalsignificantlySectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Addicted,Really?A)Mental-healthspecialistsdisagreeoverwhethertoclassifycompulsiveonlinebehaviourasaddiction—andhowtotreatit.CraigSmallwood,adisabledAmericanwarveteran,spentmorethan20,000hoursoverfiveyearsplayinganonlinerole-playinggamecalled“LineageII”.WhenNCsoft,theSouthKoreanfirmbehindthegame,accusedhimofbreakingthegame'srulesandbannedhim,hewasplungedintodepression,severeparanoia(偏執(zhí))andhallucinations(幻想).Hespentthreeweeksinhospital.Afterthat,hesuedNCsoftforfraudandnegligence(過失)，demandingover$9mindamagesandclaimingthatthecompanyactednegligentlybyfailingtowarnhimofthedangerthathewouldbecome“addicted”tothegame.B)Butdoesitmakesensetotalkofaddictiontoonlineactivity?Mental-healthspecialistssaythreeonlinebehaviorscanbecomeproblematicformanypeople:videogames,pornography(色情作品)andmessagingviae-mailandsocialnetworks.Butthereisfarlessagreementaboutwhetheranyofthisshouldbecalled“Internetaddiction”—orhowtotreatit.C)Somemental-healthspecialistswanted“Internetaddiction”tobeincludedinthefifthversionofpsychiatry'sbible,the“DiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders”,knownasDSM-V,whichiscurrentlybeingoverhauled(全面修訂).TheAmericanMedicalAssociationendorsed(贊成)theideain2007,onlytobacktrack(放棄)dayslater.TheAmericanJournalofPsychiatrycalledInternetaddictiona“commondisorder”andsupporteditsrecognition.LastyeartheDSM-Vdraftinggroupmadeitsdecision:Internetaddictionwouldnotbeincludedasa“behavioraladdiction”—onlygamblingmadethecut—butitsaidfurtherstudywasnecessary.SkepticssaythereisnothinguniquelyaddictiveabouttheInternet.Backin2000,JosephWalther,acommunicationsprofessoratMichiganStateUniversity,co-wroteanarticleinwhichhesuggested,tongueincheek,thatthecriteriausedtocallsomeoneanInternetaddictmightalsoshowthatmostprofessorswere“addicted”toacademia（學(xué)術(shù)活動）.Hearguedthatotherfactors,suchasdepression,aretherealproblem.Hestandsbythatviewtoday.“NoscientificevidencehasemergedtosuggestthatInternetuseisacauseratherthanaconsequenceofsomeothersortofissue,”hesays.“FocusingonandtreatingpeopleforInternetaddiction,ratherthanlookingforunderlyingclinicalissues,isdefinitelyunwise.”O(jiān)thersdisagree.“Thatwouldbewrong,”saysKimberlyYoung,aresearcherandtherapistwhohasworkedonInternetaddictionsince1994.SheinsiststhattheInternet,withitspowerfullyimmersiveenvironments,createsnewproblemsthatpeoplemustlearntonavigate（應(yīng)對）.Otherwise,thechanginglifestylewillaffectthedevelopmentofthesociety.Noonedisputesthatonlinehabitscanturntoxic.TakeSouthKorea,wherewidespreadbroadbandmeansthattheaveragehigh-schoolstudentplaysvideogamesfor23hourseachweek.In2007thegovernmentestimatedthataround210,000childrenneededtreatmentforInternetaddiction.In2010newspapersaroundtheglobecarriedthestoryofaSouthKoreancouplewhofedtheirinfantdaughtersolittlethatshestarvedtodeath.Insteadofcaringforthechild,thecouplespentmostnightsatanInternetcafe,sinkinghoursintoarole-playinggameinwhichtheyraised,fedandcaredforavirtualdaughter.AndseveralSouthKoreanmenhavediedfromexhaustionaftermarathon,multi-daygamingsessions.TheSouthKoreangovernmenthassinceaskedgamedeveloperstoadoptagamingcurfew（宵禁）forchildren,topreventthemplayingbetweenmidnightand8a.m.Atthesametime,ithasalsoopenedmorethan100clinicsforInternetaddictionandsponsoredan“Internetrescuecamp”forseriouscases.Butcompulsivebehaviourisnotlimitedtogamers.E-mailorweb-usebehaviourscanalsoshowsignsofaddiction.Gettingthroughabusinesslunchinwhichnoonepullsoutaphonetochecktheirmessagesnowcountsasaminormiracleinmanyquarters.Adeluge（泛濫）ofself-helpbooks,mostrecently“AloneTogether”bySherryTurkle,asocialscientistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,offeradviceonhowtounplug（去除障礙）.Pornographyishardlynew,either,buttheInternetmakesaccessingitmucheasierthaneverbefore.Whensomethingcanbesummonedinaninstantviabroadband,whetheritisagameworld,ane-mailinboxorpornographicmaterial,itishardertoresist.Newservicesleadtonewcomplaints.Whenonlineauctionsitesfirstbecamepopular,talkof“eBayaddiction”soonfollowed.Dr.YoungsayswomencomplaintohernowaboutaddictiontoFacebook—orevento“FarmVille”,agameplayableonlywithinFacebook.Treatmentcentreshavepoppeduparoundtheworldwiththepopularityofonlinegames.In2006Amsterdam'sSmith&Jonesfacilitybilleditselfas“thefirstand,currently,theonlyresidentialvideo-gametreatmentprogramintheworld”.InAmericathereSTARTInternetAddictionRecoveryProgramclaimstotreatInternetaddiction,gamingaddiction,andeven“textingaddiction”.InChina,meanwhile,military-style“bootcamps”arethepreferredwaytotreatInternetproblems.Yetmanypeoplelikefeelingpermanentlyconnected.AsArikiaMillikan,anAmericanblogger,onceputit,“IfIcouldbejackedinateverywakinghouroftheday,Iwould,andIthinkalotofmypeerswoulddothesame.”BobLaRose,anInternetspecialistatMichiganStateUniversity,doesn'tbelieveher.Inhisresearchoncollegestudents,hefoundthatmostsensewhentheyare“goingoverboardandrestoreself-control”.Lessthan1%haveapathological（病態(tài)的）problem,headds.Formostpeople,Internetuse“isjustahabit—andonethatbringsuspleasure.”36.AccordingtoJosephWalther,itisunwisetoemphasizethetreatmentofInternetaddictioninsteadofseekingforpotentialclinicalissues.Asonlinegamesbecomepopular,treatmentcentreshavesprungupallovertheworld.Afterplayingonlinegamescontinuouslyfordays,severalSouthKoreanmenwereexhaustedtodeath.SmallwoodsuedNCsoftandclaimedahugecompensationforfraudanditsnegligenceofwarninghimofthedangerofgameaddiction.InSouthKorea,agamingcurfewforchildrenwasadoptedtopreventchildrenplayingaftermidnight.InternetaddictionstillneedstobefurtherstudiedthoughtheDSM-Vdidnotcategorizeitasa“behavioraladdiction”.AnInternetspecialistfoundthatmostcollegestudentscouldrealizewhentheyaregoingtoofarandrestoreself-control.Accordingtomental-healthspecialists,formanypeople,videogames,pornographyandmessagingviae-mailandsocialnetworkscanbecomeproblematiconlinebehaviors.Peopleregarditasasmallmiracleifnobodytakesoutaphonetoreadthemessagesatabusinesslunch.KimberlyYounginsiststhatpeoplemustlearntodealwithnewproblemsbroughtaboutbytheInternet.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Friedfoodshavelongbeenfrownedupon.Nevertheless,theskillet（長柄平底煎鍋）isaboutourhandiestandmostusefulpieceofkitchenequipment.Strongwoodcuttersandothersengagedinactivelaborrequiring4,000caloriesperdayormorewilltakeapproximatelyone-thirdoftheirrationspreparedinthisfashion.Meat,eggs,andFrenchtoastcookedinthiswayareservedinmillionsofhomesdaily.Apparentlytheconsumersarenotbesetwithmoresignsofindigestionthanafflictedbythosewhoinsistuponbroiling,roasting,orboiling.Someyearsagooneofourmosteminentphysiologistsinvestigatedthedigestibilityoffriedpotatoes.Hefoundthatthepanvarietywasmoreeasilybrokendownforassimilationthanwhendeepfatwasemployed.Thelatter,however,dissolvedwithinthealimentarytract（消化道）morereadilythantheboiledtype.Furthermore,helearned,bywatchingtheprogressofthecontentsofthestomachbymeansofthefluoroscope（熒光檢查儀）,thatfatactuallyacceleratedtherateofdigestion.Nowallthisisquiteincontrastwith“authority”.Volumeshavebeenwrittenonnutrition,andeverywherethedictum（權(quán)威意見）hasbeenaccepted—nofriedediblesofanysortforchildren.Afewwillgosofarastoforbidthisstyleofcookingwholly.Nowandthenanexpertwillbeboldenoughtoadmitthatheusesthemhimself,theabsenceofdiscomfortbeingexplainedonthegroundthathepossessesapowerfulgastric(胃的)apparatus.Wecanofcoursesizzleperfectlygoodarticlestodeathsothattheywillbeleatheryandtough.Butthoroughheating,inthepresenceofshortening,isnottheawfulcrimethatithasbeenlabeled.Suchdishesstimulateratherthanretardcontractionsofthegallbladder.Thusitisthatbile(膽汁)mixeswiththenutrimentshortlyafteritleavesthestomach.Wedontneedtoallowourfoodstuffstobecomeoilsoaked,butotherthanthat,thereseemstobenobasisforthewidelyheraldedprohibitionagainstthismethod.Butnotionsbecomefixed.Thefirstcondemnationprobablyrosebecausean“oracle”(圣賢)sufferedfromdyspepsia(消化不良)whichheascribedtosomefrieditemonthemenu.Thetheoryspread.Othersagreedwithhim,andafteratimethedoctrinebecameincorporatedinourtextbooks.Thebeliefisnowtraditionratherthanprovedfact.Itshouldhavebeenrefutedlongsince,asexperiencehasdemonstrateditsfalsity.Thispassagefocuseson.whytheskilletisahandypieceofkitchenequipmentthedigestibilityoffriedfoodshowtheexpertscanmisleadthepublicintheareaoffoodpreparationwhyfriedfoodshavelongbeenfrowneduponTOC\o"1-5"\h\zPeopleengagedinactivelaboreatfriedfoodsbecause.theyarehealthfulC)theycanbeeasilydigestedtheyaremuchcheaperD)theycanprovidethecaloriestheworkersneedTheauthorimpliesthatthepublicshould.preparesomefoodsbyfryingC)fryfoodsforadultsbutnotforchildrenavoidfriedfoodsifpossibleD)prepareallfoodsbyfryingWhentheauthorsaysthat"an'oraclesufferedfromdyspepsiawhichheascribedtosomefrieditemonthemenu”heisbeing.gratefulB)factualC)sarcasticD)humorous50.Thepassagewasprobablytakenfrom.amedicaljournalC)aspeechatamedicalconventionapublicationaddressedtothegeneralpublicD)anadvertisementforcookingoilPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Inthesecondhalfofthetwentiethcentury,manycountriesoftheSouth(發(fā)展中國家)begantosendstudentstotheindustrializedcountriesforfurthereducation.Theyurgentlyneededsuppliesofhighlytrainedpersonneltoimplementaconceptofdevelopmentbasedonmodernization.Butmanyofthesestudentsdecidedtostayoninthedevelopedcountrieswhentheyhadfinishedtheirtraining.Atthesametime,manyprofessionalswhodidreturnhomebutnolongerfeltateasetherealsodecidedtogobacktothecountrieswheretheyhadstudied.Inthe1960s,someLatinAmericancountriestriedtosolvethisproblembysettingupspecial“return”programstoencouragetheirprofessionalstocomebackhome.TheseprogramsreceivedsupportfrominternationalbodiessuchastheInternationalOrganizationforMigration,whichin1974enabledover1,600qualifiedscientistsandtechnicianstoreturntoLatinAmerica.Inthe1980sand1990s,“temporaryreturn”programsweresetupinordertomakethebestuseoftrainedpersonneloccupyingstrategicpositionsinthedevelopedcountries.ThisgaverisetotheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramsTransferofKnowledgethroughExpatriate(移居國夕卜的)Nationals,whichencouragestechniciansandscientiststoworkintheirowncountriesforshortperiods.Butthebraindrain(人才流失)fromthesecountriesmaywellincreaseinresponsetothenewlawsoftheinternationalmarketinknowledge.Recentstudiesforecastthatthemostdevelopedcountriesaregoingtoneedmoreandmorehighlyqualifiedprofessionalsaroundtwiceasmanyastheireducationalsystemswillbeabletoproduce,orsoitisthought.Asaresultthereisanurgentneedfordevelopingcountrieswhichsendstudentsabroadtogivepreferencetofieldswheretheyneedcompetentpeopletogivemuscletotheirowninstitutions,insteadofencouragingthetrainingofpeoplewhomaynotcomebackbecausetherearenoprofessionaloutletsforthem.AndthecountriesoftheSouthmustnotbecontentwithinstitutionalstructuresthatsimplytakebackprofessionalssentabroad,theymustintroduceflexibleadministrativeprocedurestoencouragethemtoreturn.Iftheydonotdothis,thebraindrainisboundtocontinue.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcorrectaccordingtothepassage?Thedevelopingcountriesbelievethatsendingstudentstotheindustrializedcountriesisagoodwaytomeettheirownneedsformodernization.TheSouthAm