python學習手冊教程 課程實驗

1.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

2.在IDLE中編碼執(zhí)行下列代碼數(shù)字類型例子

>>>importmath

>>>math.pi

3.1415926535897931

>>>math.sqrt(121)

11.0

>>>importrandom

>>>random.random()

0.1976304621238707

>>>random.choice([l,315,7,ll,13]);

3

3.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串類型操作例子

>>>s="spam"

>>>len(s)

4

4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串索引操作例子

>>>s="spam"

>>>s[l]

P

?>s[-l]

'm'

5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串索引分片提取操作例子

>>>s="spam”

>>>s[l:3]

'pa'

>>>

6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串變量重新賦值操作例子

>>>s

'spam'

>>>s='z'+s[l:]

>>>s

'zpam"

7.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于尋求幫助的操作例子

>>>help(s.lower)

Helponbuilt-infunctionlower:

lower(...)

S.lower()->string

ReturnacopyofthestringSconvertedtolowercase.

>>>

8.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串匹配模式的例子

>>>importre

>>>match=re.match('Hello[\t]*(*)world','HelloPythonworld')

>>>match.group(l)

Python,

>>>

>>>match=re.match(7(.*)/(.*)/(.^'.'/usr/home/luberjack')

>>>match.groups()

('usr','home','luberjack')

9繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫列表操作例子

?>L=[123,'spam',1.12]

>>>len(L)

3

?>L[0]

123

?>L[:-l]

[123,'spam']

?>L+[4,5,6]

[123,'spam；1.1200000000000001,4,5,6]

?>L

[123,'spam',1.1200000000000001]

?>L

[123,'spam1,1.1200000000000001]

>>>L.append('NI')

>>>L

[123,'spam；1.1200000000000001,'Nl']

>>>L.pop⑵

1.1200000000000001

?>L

[123,'spam','Nl']

?>M=[,bb','aa',,cc,]

>>>M.sort()

>>>M

['aa\'bb'.'cc']

>>>M.reverse()

>>>M

fee',,bb'?'aa']

?>L

[123,'spam','Nl']

?>L[99]

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File,,<pyshell#84>",line1,in<module>

L[99]

IndexError:listindexoutofrange

?>L[99]=l

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#85>",line1,in<module>

L[99]=l

IndexError:listassignmentindexoutofrange

>>>

?>M=[[l,2,3]1[415,6]t[7,8,9]]

>>>M

[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

>>>M[l]

[4,5,6]

>>>M[l][l]

5

>>>M

[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

>>>cols=[row[l]forrowinM]

>>>cols

[2,5,8]

>>>[row[l]+lforrowinM]

[3,6,9]

>>>[row[l]forrowinMifrow[l]%2==0]

[2,8]

?>diag=[M[i][i]foriin[0,1,2]]

>>>diag

[1,5,9]

>>>doubles=[c*2forcin'spam']

>>>doubles

['ss','pp",'aa','mm']

>>>

4.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

5.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于字典創(chuàng)建和使用的例子

>>>D={,food,:,spam,,,quantity,:4,,color,:,pink'}

>>>D

{'food':'spam','color':'pink','quantity':4}

?>D['food']

"spam'

>>>D=CfoodYspam'/quantity'^/color'/pink')

>>>D['quantity']+=1

>>>D['quantity']

5

>>>D

{'food':'spam','color':'pink','quantity':5}

>>>D=0

>>>D「name']二'Bob'

>>>D['age']=40

>>>D

{"age':40,'name':'Bob'}

6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于創(chuàng)建和使用嵌套字典的例子

,,,,,,,

>>>rec={name':{first':Bobt'last':'Smith}1'job':['dev','mgr]/age:40.5}

>>>rec

{'age':40.5,"job':['dev','mgr'],'name':{'last':'Smith','first':'Bob'}}

>>>rec['name']

{'last':'Smith','first':'Bob')

>>>recf'namejnast']

,Smith'

>>>rec['job1][-l]

'mgr'

>>>recHob^appendCjanitor')

>>>rec

{'age':40.5,"job':['dev','mgr','janitor'],'name':{'last':'Smith','first':'Bob'}}

4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于使用for循環(huán)對字典進行排序的例子

?>D={'a'：L'b':2,'c':3}

>>>D

{'a':1,'c':3,'b':2}

>>>Ks=D.keys()

>>>Ks

⑻七/b]

>>>Ks.sort()

>>>Ks

['a\'b;'c']

>>>forkeyinKs:

printkey,'=>>,D[key]

a=>1

b二>2

c二>3

>>>D

{'a':1,'c':3,'b':2}

>>>forkeyinsorted(D):

printkey,'=>',D[key]

a=>1

b=>2

c=>3

5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于使用for循環(huán)操作字符串例子

>>>forcin'spam':

printc.upperQ

S

P

A

M

6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于迭代和優(yōu)化例子

>>>squares=[x**2forxin[l,2,3,4,5]]

>>>squares

[1,4,9,16,25]

>>>squares二口

>>>forxin[1,2,3,4,5]:

squares.append(x**2)

>>>squares

[1,4,9,16,25]

7.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字典不存在的鍵的測試操作例子

>>>D

{'a':1.'c':3,'b':2}

?>D[,e']=99

>>>D

{'a':1,'c':3,'b':2,'e':99}

>>>

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#39>",line1,in<module>

D[,f1]

KeyError:'f'

>>>D.has_key('f)

False

>>>ifnotD.has_key('f"):

print字典D中不包含鍵為f的值’

字典D中不包含鍵為f的值

8,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于元組創(chuàng)建和使用的例子

?>T=(L234)

>>>len(T)

4

?>T+(4,5)

(1,2,3,4,4,5)

?>T[0]

1

?>T[0]=2

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#48>",line1,in<module>

T⑼二2

TypeError:'tuple'objectdoesnotsupportitemassignment

>>>

7.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

8.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于文件操作的例子

>>>f=open('data.txt',,w,)

>>>f.write('hello\n')

>>>f.write('world\n')

>>>f.close()

>>>f=open('data.txt')

?>f

<openfile'data.txt',modeTat0x011D6910>

>>>bytes=f.read()

>>>bytes

,hello\nworld\n'

>>>printbytes

hello

world

>>>bytes.split()

['hello','world']

在安裝Python默認路徑下會產(chǎn)生一個data.txt的文件,

9.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于創(chuàng)建和使用集合的例子

>>>X=set('spam')

?>Y=set(['h,,,a','m1])

?>X,Y

(set(['a','p','s','m']),set(['a','h',,m']))

?>X&Y#交運算

set(['a',,m'])

?>X|Y#并運算

set(['a','p','s','h',,m'])

?>X-Y#差運算

set(['p','s'])

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于使用Decimal小數(shù)對象的例子

>>>0.1

0.10000000000000001

>>>0.1+1

1.1000000000000001

>>>importdecimal

>>>d=decimal.Decimal('O.l')

>>>d+1

Decimal('l.l')

5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于使用布爾類型對象例子

>>>1>2,1<2

(False,True)

>>>bool('spam')

True

6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于None類型例子

>>>X=None

>>>printX

None

>>>L=[None]*5

>>>L

[None,None,None,None,None]

>>>type(L)

<type'list'〉

?>type(type(L))

<type'type'〉

7.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于對象類型檢查測試的例子

>>>L

[None,None,None,None,None]

>>>iftype(L)==type([]):

print"yes"

yes

>>>iftype(L)==list:

print'yes'

yes

>>>ifisinstance(LJist):

print'yes'

yes

8.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于類創(chuàng)建和類的實例創(chuàng)建的例子

>>>classWorker:

def_init_(self,name,pay):

=name

self.pay=pay

deflastName(self):

return.split()[-l]

defgiveRaise(self,percent):

self.pay*=(1.0+percent)

?>bob=Worker('BobSmith,,50000)

>>>sue=Worker('sueJones,,60000)

>>>bob.lastNameQ

,Smith'

>>>sue.lastName()

'Jones'

>>>sue.giveRaise(.lO)

>>>sue.pay

66000.0

10.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

11.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于數(shù)字變量和基本表達式的例子

>>>a=3

>>>b=4

>>>a+l,a-l

(4,2)

>>>b*3,b/2

(12.2)

>>>a%2,b**2

(L16)

>>>2+4,0,2.0**b

(6.0,16.0)

>>>b/2+a

5

>>>printb/(2.0+a)

0.8

>>>c*2

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#8>",line1,in<module>

c*2

NameError:name'c'isnotdefined

12.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于數(shù)字顯示格式的例子

>>>b,a

(4,3)

?>b/(2.0+a)

0.80000000000000004

?>1/2,0

0.5

>>>printb/(2.0+a)

0.8

>>>num=l/3.0

>>>num

0.33333333333333331

>>>printnum

0.333333333333

>>>'%e*%num

,3.3333336-01,

>>>,%2.2f%num

'0.33'

>>>repr(num)

,0.33333333333333331,

>>>str(num)

,0.333333333333,

4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于傳統(tǒng)除法、Floor除法和真除法的例子

>>>(5/2),(5/2.0),(5/-2.0),(5/-2)

(2,2.5,-2.5,-3)

?>(5//2),(5//2.0),(5//-2.0),(5//-2)

(2,2.0,-3.0,-3)

?>(9/3),(9.0/3),(9//3),(9//3.0)

(3,3.0,3,3.0)

>>>from_future_importdivision

?>(5/2),(5/2.0),(5/-2.0),(5/-2)

(2.5,2.5,-2.5,-2.5)

?>(5//2),(5//2.0),(5//-2.0),(5//-2)

(2,2.0,-3.0,-3)

?>(9/3),(9,0/3),(9//3),(9//3.0)

(3.0,3.0,3,3.0)

>>>

5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于位操作例子

?>x=l#00000001

?>x?2#00000100

4

?>x|2#00000011

3

?>x&3#00000001

1

6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于長整型數(shù)字例子

?>99999999999999999999999999999999+1

100000000000000000000000000000000L

>>>2L**200

1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376L

>>>2**200

1606938044258990275541962092341162602522202993782792835301376L

7,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于復數(shù)例子

?>lj*lJ

(-l+0j)

>>>2+lj*3

(2+3j)

?>(2+lj)*3

(6+3j)

8.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于十六進制和八進制記數(shù)的例子

>>>01,010,0100

(1,8,64)

>>>0x01,0x10,Oxff

(1,16,255)

>>>oct(64),hex(64),hex(255)

('0100','0x40','Oxff')

1,,1,

?>intC0100),int(010058),int(0x40,16)

(100,64,64)

?>eval('100)eval('0100)eva(0x40')

(100,64,64)

?>"%o%x%X"%(64,64,255)

,10040FF'

9.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于其他內(nèi)置數(shù)學工具的例子

>>>math.pi,math.e

(3.1415926535897931,2.7182818284590451)

>>>math.sin(2*math.pi/180)

0.034899496702500969

>>>math.sqrt(144),math.sqrt(2)

(12.0,1.4142135623730951)

>>>abs(-42),2**4,pow(2,4)

(42,16,16)

>>>int(2.567),round(2.567),round(2.567,2)

(2,3.0,2,5699999999999998)

>>>importrandom

>>>random.random()

0.031193863487957163

>>>random.randint(l,10)

2

>>>random.randint(l,10)

10

>>>random.randint(l,10)

7>>>random.choice([,aaa',,bbb',,ccc,,,ddd,])

'bbb'

,,,,,,,

>>>random.choice([aaa1bbb,'ccc,ddd])

'ccc'

10.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于小數(shù)數(shù)字的例子

>>>0.1+0.1+0.1

0.30000000000000004

>>>print0.1+0.1+0.1-0.3

5.55111512313e-17

>>>fromdecimalimportDecimal

?>Decimal('0.：L')+Decimal('0.r)+Decimal('0.1')-Decimal('0.3')

Decimal('O.O')

?>Decimal(Qr)+Decimal(Q10')+Decimal(Q10')-Decimal(Q30')

DecimalCO.OO')

>>>Decimal('l')/Decimal('7')

DecimalCO.1428571428571428571428571429')

11.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于集合的例子

>>>x=set('abcde')

>>>y=set('bdxyz')

>>>x

set(['a'.'c\'b；'e；|d'])

>>>'e'inx

True

>>>x-y

set(['a','c',,e'])

>>>x|y

set(['a','c','b','e;'d',y,'x;'z'])

>>>x&y

set(['b\'d'])

>>>engineers=set([,bob',,sue',,ann,,'vic'])

>>>managers=set([tom','sue'])

>>>engineers&managers

set(['sue'])

>>>engineers|managers

se^f'vic','sue','tom','bob','ann'])

>>>engineers-managers

set(['vic','bob','ann'])

13.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

14.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于變量聲明賦值類型的例子

>>>a=3

>>>a='spam'

>>>a=1,23

>>>a+=l

>>>a

15.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于共享引用和修改查看的例子

?>Ll=[2,3.4]

?>L2=L1

?>Ll[0]=24

?>LI

[24,3,4]

?>L2

[24,3,4]

?>Ll=[2,3,4]

?>L2=L1[:]

?>Ll[0]=24

?>LI

[24,3,4]

?>L2

[2,3,4]

>>>importcopy

?>Y=[l,2,3]

>>>X=copy.copy(Y)

?>X

[1,2,3]

>>>C=copy.deepcopy(Y)

>>>C

[1,2,3]

4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于變量測試相等的例子

?>L=[l,2,3]

>>>M=L

>>>L==M

True

>>>LisM

True

?>L=[123]

?>M項23]

>>>L==M

True

>>>LisM

False

?>X=42

?>Y=42

?>X==Y

True

?>XisY

True

>>>importsys

>>>sys.getrefcount(42)

8

16.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

17.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于字符串常量的例子

>>>'shrubbery1,"shrubbery"

('shrubbery','shrubbery')

?>'knight's',"knight's"

('knight's',"knight's")

>>>title="Meangin"'of"Life"

>>>title

*MeanginofLife'

>>>'knightVs'/'knightVs"

("knight's",'knighf's')

>>>s='a\nb\tc'

>>>s

'a\nb\tc'

>>>prints

a

bc

>>>len(s)

5

>>>s='a\0b\0c'

>>>s

'a\x00b\x00c1

>>>len(s)

5

>>>x="c:\py\code"

>>>x

'c:\\py\\code'

>>>len(x)

10

18.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于Row字符串的例子

>>>myfile=open(r'C:\new\text.dat','w,)

>>>path=「'C:\new\text.dat'

>>>path

'C:\\new\\text.dat'

>>>printpath

C:\new\text.dat

>>>len(path)

15

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于三重引號的塊字符串常量的例子

>>>matra=Alwayslook

...onthebrighr

...sideoflife."""

>>>matra

'Alwayslook\n...onthebrighr\n...sideoflife.,

>>>

5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于Unicode字符串常量的例子

>>>u'spam'

u'spam"

>>>'ni'+u'spam'

u'nispam'

>>>str(u'spam')

"spam'

>>>unicode('spam')

u'spam'

>>>

6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于實際應(yīng)用中的字符串的例子

>>>len('abc')

3

>>>'abc'+'def'

'abcdef'

?>'Ni!'*4

'Ni!Ni!Ni!Ni!'

>>>print'_'*30

>>>myjob="hacker”

>>>forcinmyjob:printc

h

a

c

k

e

r

>>>

>>>"k"inmyjob

True

>>>'z'inmyjob

False

7,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串索引和分片的例子

>>>s='abcdefghijklmnop'

?>s[l:10:2]

,bdfhj,

>>>s|j：2]

'acegikmo'

>>>s[::-2]

,pnljhfdb'

>>>s='hello'

>>>s[::-l]

,olleh,

>>>s='abcedfg'

>>>s[5:l:-l]

'fdec'

8.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串轉(zhuǎn)換工具的例子

?>int('42'),str(42)

(42,'42)

?>repr(42)/42,

('42','42')

>>>'42'

'42'

?>repr(42)；42'

('42',,421)

>>>s="42"

>>>i=l

>>>s+i

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#63>",line1,in<module>

s+i

TypeErro匚cannotconcatenate'str'and'int'objects

>>>int(s)+i

43

>>>s+str(i)

'421'

?>str(2.1415),float('1.5')

(12.14151,1.5)

?>text='1.234E-10'

>>>float(text)

1.2340000000000001e-10

?>str(2.1415),float('1.5')

(12.14151,1.5)

?>text='1.234E-10'

>>>float(text)

1.2340000000000001e-10

>>>s='5'

>>>s=chr(ord(s)+l)

>>>s

'61

>>>B='1101

>>>1=0

>>>whileB:

l=l*2+(ord(B[0])-ord('0'))

B=B[1:]

?>I

13

9.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于修改字符串的例子

>>>S='spam'

?>S[0]='s'

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#l>",line1,in<module>

S[0]='s,

TypeError:'str'objectdoesnotsupportitemassignment

?>S=S+,'SPAM!"

>>>s

,spamSPAM!,

?>S=S[:4]+'Burger'+S[-l]

>>>S

'spamBurger!'

>>>S='splot'

>>>S=S.replaceCpI'/pamal')

>>>S

'spamalot,

10.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串格式化的例子

>>>exclamation="Ni"

>>>"Theknightswhosay%s!"%exclamation

TheknightswhosayNi!'

?>"%d%s%dyou"%(l/spam',4)

'1spam4you'

?>"%s--%s--%s"%(42,3.14159,[1,2,3])

,42--3.14159--[1,2,3],

>>>x=1234

>>>res="integers:...%d...%-6d...%06d"%(x,x,x)

>>>res

,integers:...1234...1234...001234,

?>x=1.23456789

>>>x

1.2345678899999999

?>,%e|%f|%g1%(x,x,x)

11.2345686+00|1.234568|1.23457,

>>>

?>,%-6.2f|%05,2f|%+Of.lf%(x,x,x)

11.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串方法的例子

>>>s='spammy'

>>>s=s.replace('mm','xx,)

>>>s

'spaxxy'

?>"aa$bb$cc$dd".replace(,,$",,SPAM,)

,aaSPAMbbSPAMccSPAMdd,

>>>s='xxxSPAMxxxxSPAMxxxx'

?>s.replace(,SPAM,/EGGS,)

'xxxEGGSxxxxEGGSxxxx'

?>s.replaceCSPAM'/EGGS'.l)

,xxxEGGSxxxxSPAMxxxx'

>>>s='xxxxSPAMxxxxSPAMxxxx'

>>>where=s.find('SPAM')

>>>where

4

>>>s=s[:where]+'EGGS'+s[(where+4):]

>>>s

,xxxxEGGSxxxxSPAMxxxx'

>>>s='spammy'

>>>L=list⑸

?>L

[?s','p\*a','m','m',y]

?>L[3]='x"

?>L[4]='x'

?>L

['s','p;'a\'x;Y,y]

>>>s="".join(L)

>>>s

'spaxxy'

,",,,,,

>>>SPAM'.join(['eggs,sausage'1ham1toast])

,eggsSPAMsausageSPAMhamSPAMtoast'

12.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于文本解析的例子

>>>line='aaabbbccc'

>>>coll=line[0:3]

>>>col3=line[8:]

>>>coll

'aaa'

>>>col3

'ccc'

>>>cols=line.split()

>>>cols

['aaa','bbb','ccc']

>>>line='bob,hacker,40'

>>>line.split(',')

['bob','hacker；'40']

?>line="i'mSPAMaSPAMLUMBERJACK"

>>>line.splitCSPAM')

["i'm",'a','LUMBERJACK']

13.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字符串其它方法的例子

>>>line="TheknightswhosyNi!\n"

>>>line.rstrip()

,TheknightswhosyNi!,

>>>line.upper()#轉(zhuǎn)大寫

,THEKNIGHTSWHOSYNl!\n'

>>>line.isalpha()

False

>>>line.endswith('Ni!\n')

True

?>line.find('Ni')!=-l

True

>>>'Ni'inline

True

?>sub="Ni!\n"

>>>line.endswith(sub)

True

>>>line[-len(sub):]==sub

True

19.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

20.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于基本列表操作的例子

?>len([l,2,3])

3

?>[1,2,3]+[4,5,6]

[1,2,3,4,5,6]

?>['Ni!']*4

[Ni!','Ni!「Ni!丁Ni![

?>3in[1,2,3]

True

>>>forxin[l,2f3]:printx

1

2

3

?>str([l,2])+"34"

IL2]34,

?>[l,2]+listC,34")

[1,2,3,4]

21.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于列表索引、分片和矩陣的例子

?>L=['spam,；Spam'；，SPAM!"]

?>L[2]

'SPAM!'

>>>L[-2]

Spam'

?>L[l:]

['Spam','SPAM!']

>>>matrix=[[l,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]

>>>matrix[l]

[4,5,6]

>>>matrix[l][l]

5

>>>matrix[2][0]

7

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于列表方法調(diào)用的例子

?>L=['spam,：Spam,；'SPAM!"]

>>>L[l]='eggs'

?>L

['spam','eggs；'SPAM!']

>>>L[0:2]=['eat','more']

?>L

['eat,'more','SPAM!']

>>>L.append('please')

>>>L

['eat；'more；'SPAM!','please']

>>>L.sort()

>>>L

['SPAM!",'eat;'more；'please']

>>>L.extend(['aaa",,bbb'])

?>L

['SPAM!','eat','more','please','aaa','bbb']

?>L.pop()

'bbb'

?>L

['SPAM!','eat','more','please','aaa']

>>>L.reverse()

?>L

['aaa\'please；'more','eat','SPAM!']

5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于原處修改列表的常見操作的例子

?>L

['aaa','please','more','eat','SPAM!']

>>>delL[0]

?>L

['please','more','eat','SPAM!']

>>>delL[l:]

?>L

['please*]

>>>L=["Already",'got','one']

?>L[1:]=D

?>L

['Already']

>>>L[O]=D

?>L

[0]

>>>

22.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

23.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于字典基本操作的例子

>>>d2={,spam1:2,"ham':l,'eggs,:3}

>>>d2['spam']

2

?>d2

{"eggs':3,'ham':1,'spam':2}

>>>Ien(d2)

3

>>>d2.has_key('ham')

True

>>>'ham*ind2

True

>>>d2.keys()

['eggs','ham','spam']

24.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于修改原處字典的例子

>>>d2[,ham,]=[,grill','bake','fry']

?>d2

{'eggs':3,"ham':['grill1,'bake',"fry'],'spam':2)

>>>deld2['eggs']

?>d2

{'ham':['grill','bake",'fry'],'spam':2}

>>>d2[,brunch']="Bacon,

?>d2

{'brunch':'Bacon','ham':['grill','bake','fry1],'spam':2}

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字典的方法的例子

>>>d2={'spam':2,'ham':l,'eggs':3}

>>>d2.values()

[3,1,2]

>>>d2.items()

[('eggs',3),('ham1,1).('spam',2)]

>>>d2.get('spam')

2

>>>d2.get('toast')

>>>d2.get('toast,,88)

88

?>d2

{'eggs':3,'ham':1,'spam':2}

>>>d3={,toast':4,,muffin':5}

>>>d2.update(d3)

?>d2

{1toast':4,'muffin':5,'eggs':3,'ham':1,'spam':2)

>>>d2.pop('muffin')

5

>>>d2.pop('toast')

4

?>d2

{'eggs':3,'ham':1,'spam':2}

>>>

5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫例子語言表

>>>table={'Python':'GuidovanRossum'/Perl'/LarryWall'/Tcl'/JohnOusterhout')

>>>language='Python'

>>>creator=table[language]

>>>creator

'GuidovanRossum'

>>>forlangintable.keys():

printlang/Xt'.tableflang]

PythonGuidovanRossum

TelJohnOusterhout

PerlLarryWall

>>>

6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于字典用法的相關(guān)例子

>>>matrix二{}

>>>matrix[(2,3,4)]=88

>>>matrix[(7,819)]=99

>>>x=2;y=3;z=4

>>>matrix[(x,y,z)]

88

>>>matrix

{(2,3,4):88,(7,8,9):99}

>>>ifmatrix.has_key((2,3,6)):

printmatrix[(2,3,6)]

else:

print0

0

>>>try:

printmatrix[(2,3,6)]

exceptKeyError:

print0

0

>>>matrix.get((2,3,6),0)

0

>>>rec=§

>>>recf'name^'mel'

>>>rec['age']=45

>>>rec['job*]='trainer/writer'

>>>rec['name']

,mel,

>>>dl={'name':'mel','age':45}

>>>d2={}

>>>d2]name[='mel'

>>>d2[,age1]=45

>>>d3=dict(name='mer,age=45)

,,,

>>>d4=dict([('name1mer),('age,45)])

>>>d4

{'age':45,'name':'mel'}

>>>d3

{'age':45,'name':'mel'}

25.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

26.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于元組基本操作的例子

>?(1.2)+(3.4)

(1,2,3,4)

?>(1,2)*4

(1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2)

>?T=(1,2,3,4)

?>T[0],T[l:3]

(1.(2,3))

>>>x=(40)

>>>x

40

?>y=(40,)

>>>y

(40,)

27.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于元組的改變的例子

?>T=('cc,；aa,,,dd,,,bb,)

>>>tmp=list(T)

>>>tmp.sort()

>>>tmp

['aa\'bb','cc；'dd']

>>>T=tuple(tmp)

?>T

('aa\'bb','cc;'dd')

>?T=(1,2,3,4I5)

>>>L=[x+20forxinT]

?>L

[21,22,23,24,25]

?>T=(l,[2,3],4)

>>>T[l]='spam"

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#59>",line1,in<module>

T[l]='spam'

TypeError:'tuple'objectdoesnotsupportitemassignment

>>>T[l][0]='spam'

?>T

(1,['spam',3],4)

28.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

29.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于文件的基本操作的例子

>>>myfile=open('myfile','w')

>>>myfile.write('hellotextfile\n')

>>>myfile.close()

>>>myfile=open('myfile')

>>>myfile.readline();

'hellotextfile\n'

>>>myfile.readline()

30.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于在文件中存儲并解析Python對象的例子

>>>x,y,z=43,44,45

>>>s='spam'

?>D={'a'：L'b':2}

?>L=[l,2,3]

'

>>>F=open('datafile.txt'I'w)

>>>F.write(s+'\n')

>>>F.write('%s,%s,%s\n'%(x,y,z))

?>F.write(str(L)+'$'+str(D)+'\n')

>>>F.close()

>>>bytes=open('datafile.txt').read()

>>>bytes

"spam\n43,44,45\n[l,2,3]${'a':1,'b':2}\n"

>>>printbytes

spam

43,44,45

[1,2,3]${'a,:2}

>>>F=open('datafile.txt')

>>>line=F.readline()

>>>line

'spam\n'

>>>line.rstrip()

'spam"

>>>line=F.readline()

>>>line

'43,44,45\n'

>>>parts=line.split(',')

>>>parts

['43',,44','45\n']

>>>int(parts[l])

44

>>>numbers=[int(P)forPinparts]

>>>numbers

[43,44,45]

>>>line=F.readline()

>>>line

"[1,2,3]${'a':1,'b':2}\n"

>>>parts二line.split($)

>>>parts

['[1,2,3]',"{'a':1,'b':2}\n"]

>>>eval(parts[O])

[1,2,3]

>>>objects=[eval(p)forpinparts]

>>>objects

[[1,2,3],{'a1:Lb:2}]

4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于儲存Python的原生對象的例子

>>>F=openCdatafile.txt'/w')

>>>importpickle

>>>pickle.dump(D,F)

>>>F.close()

>>>F=open('datafile.txt')

>>>E=pickle.load(F)

?>E

{'a':l,b:2}

>>>open('datafile.txt').read()

”(dpO\nS'a'\npl\nll\nsS'b'\np2\nl2\ns.”

>>>D

{'a':1,'b':2}

>>>

5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于文件中打包二進制數(shù)據(jù)的存儲與解析的例子

>>>F=open('data.bin','wb')

>>>importstruct

',1

>>>bytes=struct.pack(>i4sh'f7,spam,8)

>>>bytes

,\xOO\xOO\xOO\xO7spam\xOO\xO8,

>>>F.write(bytes)

>>>F.close()

>>>F=openCdata.bin'.'rb')

>>>data=F.read()

>>>data

'\x00\x00\x00\x07spam\x00\x08'

>>>values=struct.unpack('>i4sh',data)

>>>values

(7,'spam',8)

31.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

32.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于對象靈活性的例子

?>L=['abc',[(l,2),([3],4)],5]

?>L[l]

[(1.2),([3],4)]

?>L[l][l]

([3],4)

>?L[l][l][0]

[3]

?>L[l][l][0][0]

3

33.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于引用和拷貝的例子

?>L=[l,2,3]

?>D={'a':l,'b':2}

>>>A=L[:]

>>>B=D.copy()

?>A[l]='Ni'

>>>B['c']='spam'

?>L,D

([1,2,3],('a':1,'b1:2})

>>>A,B

([1,'Ni',3],{'a':1,'c':'spam','b':2})

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于比較、相等性和真值的例子

?>Ll=[l,('a',3)]

?>L2=[l，Ca,,3)]

?>L1==L2,L1isL2

(True,False)

>>>sl='alongerstring'

>>>s2='alongerstring'

>>>sl==s2,sliss2

(True,False)

>>>

5.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于內(nèi)置類型陷阱的例子

?>L=[l,2.3]

?>M"L,Y]

>>>M

['x;[1,2,3],Y]

>>>L[l]=0

>>>M

['x,,[1,0,3],,Y']

?>L=[l,2,3]

>>>L[l]=0

?>L

[1,0,3]

>>>M

['x,,[1,2,3],V]

?>L=[4,5,6]

>>>X=L*4

>>>Y=[L]*4

?>X

[4,5,6,4,5,6,4,5,6,4,5,6]

>>>Y

[[4,5,6],[4,5,6],[4,5,6],[4,5,6]]

>>>L[l]=0

?>X

[4,5,6,4,5,6,4,5,6,4,5,6]

>>>Y

[[4,0.6],[4,0,6]t[4,0,6],[4,0,6]]

?>L=['grail']

>>>L.append(L)

>>>L

['grail1,[...]]

?>T=(1,2I3)

?>T(2)=4

SyntaxError:can'tassigntofunctioncall

?>T=T[:2]+(4,)

?>T

(L2.4)

>>>

34.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

35.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于Python語句的規(guī)則的例子

>>>x=100;y=20

>>>ifx>=100and\

y<50:

print”滿足條件：x>=100andy<5"

print'滿足條件的第二行’

滿足條件：x>=100andy<5

滿足條件的第二行

36.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫一個簡單交互式循環(huán)的例子

>>>whileTrue:

reply=raw_input('Entertext:')

ifreply=='stop':break

printreply.upper()

Entertext:text

TEXT

Entertext:abc

ABC

Entertext:system

SYSTEM

Entertext:stop

>>>

4.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫對用戶輸入的數(shù)字進行求平方的運算的例子

>>>whileTrue:

reply=raw_input('Enternumber:')

ifreply=='stop':break

printint(reply)**2

Enternumber:10

100

Enternumber:13

169

Enternumbecstop

>>>

5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫用測試輸入數(shù)據(jù)來處理錯誤的例子

>>>whileTrue:

reply=raw_input('Entertext:')

ifreply二二'stop':

break

elifnotreply.isdigitQ:#不是數(shù)字

print'Bad!'*8

else:

printint(reply)**2

Entertext:5

25

Entertext:xyz

Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!

Entertext:11

121

Entertext:stop

>>>

6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫用try語句處理錯誤的例子

>>>whileTrue:

reply=raw_input('Entertext:')

ifreply=='stop,:break

try:

num=int(reply)

except:

print'Bad!'*8

else:#屬于try語句部分(在try中如果沒有異常被檢測到，則執(zhí)行else子句)

printint(reply)**2

Entertext:12

144

Entertext:sss

Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!

Entertext:100

10000

Entertext:stop

>>>

7,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫三層嵌套代碼的例子

>>>whileTrue:

reply=raw_input('Entertext:')

ifreply二二'stop’:

break

elifnotreply.isdigit():

print'Bad!"*8

else:

num=int(reply)

ifnum<20:

printlow'

else:

printnum**2

Entertext:aaa

Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!Bad!

Entertext:120

14400

Entertext:ll

low

Entertext:19

low

Entertext:20

400

Entertext:stop

>>>

37.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

38.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于序列賦值語句的例子

>>>nudge=l

>>>wink=2

>>>A,B=nudge,wink

>>>A,B

(1.2)

>>>[C,D]=[nudge,wink]

>>>C,D

(1.2)

>>>nudge,wink=wink,nudge

>>>nudge.wink

(2,1)

?>[abc]=(l,2,3)

>>>a,c

(1.3)

?>(abc)="ABC”

>>>a,c

('A','C')

39.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于高級序列賦值語句的例子

>>>string='SPAM'

>>>a,b,c,d=string

>>>a,d

('S\'M')

>>>a,b,c=string

Traceback(mostrecentcalllast):

File"<pyshell#15>",line1,in<module>

a,b,c=string

ValueError:toomanyvaluestounpack

>>>a,b,c=string[0],string[l],string[2:]

>>>a,b,c

(S,P,'AM')

>>>a,b,c=list(string[:2])+[string[2:]]

>>>a,b,c

(S,P,'AM')

>>>a,b=string[:2]

>>>c=string[2:]

>>>a,b,c

('S','P；'AM')

>>>(a,b),c=string[:2],string[2:]

>>>a,b,c

('S','P；'AM')

?>((a,b),c)=(,SP,：AM,)

>>>a,b,c

(S,'P','AM')

>>>red,green,blue=range(3)

>>>red,blue

(0.2)

>>>range(3)

[0,1,2]

?>L=[1,2,3,4]

>>>whileL:

front,L=L[O],L[1：]

printfront,L

1[2,3,4]

2[3,4]

3[4]

4口

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于多目標賦值語句的例子

>>>a=b二c二'spam'

>>>a,b,c

('spam','spam','spam')

>>>a=b=O

>>>b=b+l

>>>a,b

(0.1)

>>>a二b二口

>>>a.append(42)

>>>a,b

([42],[42])

>>>a二口

>>>b二口

>>>b.append(42)

>>>afb

(□.[42])

5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于增強賦值語句的例子

>>>x=l

>>>x+=l

>>>X

2

>>>s="spam"

?>s+="SRAMH

>>>s

'spamSPAM'

?>L=[l,2]

?>L=L+[3,4]

?>L

[1,2,3,4]

>>>L.append(5)

?>L

[1,2,3,4,5]

?>L+二[6,7,8]

?>L

[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]

>>>M=L

>>>L+二[9]

>>>M,L

([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9],[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9])

?>L=L+[10]

>>>M,L

([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8.9],[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10])

6,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于打印語句的例子

>>>x+a';y='b'

>>>printx,y

ab

>>>printx+y

ab

>>>print'%s...%s,%(x,y)

a...b

>>>importsys

>>>sys.stdout.write('helloworld\n')

helloworld

>>>temp=sys.stdout

>>>sys.stdout=open(,log.txt,,'a')

>>>print'spam'

>>>print1,2,3

>>>sys.stdout.close()

>>>sys.stdout=temp

>>>print'backhere'

backhere

>>>printopen('log.txt').read()

spam

123

>>>log=open('log.txt',W)

>>>print>>log,1,2,3

>>>print>>log,4,5,6

>>>log.close()

>>>printopen('log.txt').read()

123

456

40.打開開發(fā)工具PythonIDLE

41.在IDLE中編寫運行關(guān)于if語句的例子

>>>if1:

print'true'

else:

print'false

true

42.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于多路分支語句的例子

>>>x='killerrabbit'

>>>ifx=='roger':

print"how'sjessica?"

elifx二二'bugs’:

print"what'supdoc?"

else:

print'Runaway!Runaway!'

Runaway!Runaway!

>>>branch={'spam':1.25,'ham':1.99,,eggs,:0.99}

>>>printbranch.getCspam'/Badchoice')

1.25

>>>printbranch.getCbacon'.'Badchoice')

Badchoice

4,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于語法規(guī)則的例子

>>>ifx:

y=2；

ify:

print'block2'

print'blockl'

block2

Blockl

?>L=["Good",

"Bad",

"Ugly"]

>>>if(a==bandc==dand

d二二eande=二f):

print'olde'

>>>ifa==bandc==dand\

d==eandf==g:

print'olde'

>>>S="""Alwayslook

onthebright

sideoflife......

>>>x=l;y=2;printx

1

>>>ifl:print'hello'

hello

5,繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于真值測試的例子

>>>2<3,3<2

(True,False)

>>>2or3,3or2

(2.3)

>>>[]or3

3

?>□or{}

0

>>>2and3,3and2

(3.2)

>>>口and0

□

>>>3andQ

□

6.繼續(xù)在IDLE中編寫關(guān)于三元表達式的例子

?>X=l;Y=2;Z=3;Z=0

>>>ifX:

A二Y

else:

A=Z

>>>A

2

>>>A=YifXelseZ

>>>A

2

>