聯(lián)合國-能源統(tǒng)計口袋書2023（英文） Energy Statistics Pocketbook

UnitedNations

NewYork,2023

ST/ESA/STAT/SER.E/6

DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs

StatisticsDivision

StatisticsPapers

SeriesENo.6

2023

EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

CopyrightUnitedNations2023

Allrightsreserved

DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs

TheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsisavitalinterfacebetweenglobalpoliciesintheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalspheresandnationalaction.TheDepartmentworksinthreemaininterlinkedareas:(i)itcompiles,generatesandanalysesawiderangeofeconomic,socialandenvironmentaldataandinformationonwhichUnitedNationsMemberStatesdrawtoreviewcommonproblemsandtotakestockofpolicyoptions;(ii)itfacilitatesthenegotiationsofMemberStatesinmanyintergovernmentalbodiesonjointcoursesofactiontoaddressongoingoremergingglobalchallenges;and(iii)itadvisesinterestedGovernmentsonthewaysandmeansoftranslatingpolicyframeworksdevelopedinUnitedNationsconferencesandsummitsintoprogrammesatthecountryleveland,throughtechnicalassistance,helpsbuildnationalcapacities.

Note

ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofthematerialinthepresentpublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountryorofitsauthorities,orthedelimitationsofitsfrontiers.Theterm“country”asusedinthisreportalsorefers,asappropriate,toterritoriesorareas.Thedesignationsofcountrygroupsareintendedsolelyforstatisticaloranalyticalconvenienceanddonotnecessarilyexpressajudgementaboutthestagereachedbyaparticularcountry,territoryorareainthedevelopmentprocess.MentionofthenamesoffirmsandcommercialproductsdoesnotimplyendorsementbytheUnitedNations.ThesymbolsofUnitedNationsdocumentsarecomposedofcapitallettersandnumbers.

UnitedNationsPublications,405East42ndStreet,S-09FW001,NewYork,NY10017USAEmail:publications@

Website:

ST/ESA/STAT/SER.E/6

Salesnumber:E.23.XVII.1

printISBN9789212592244

PDFISBN9789210024389

printISSN2617-2828

onlineISSN2617-2836

iii

Content

Introduction…………………….........

Totalenergysupply…………………

Primaryenergyproduction………….……………

Electricity…………………...…………

Refineryoutput………………………

Totalfinalconsumption………………….………...

Energybalances……...…………………..………...

Energyindicators………….………...

Generalnotes……………..………...

Pageiv

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68

iv

Introduction

Thispublicationisthesixthinaseriesofpocketbookcompilationsonenergystatisticsdesignedtohighlighttheavailabilityofdataonvariousaspectsofenergyproduction,transformationanduseanditslinkagestootherkeystatistics.Energyiscentraltotheachievementofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopmentandtheParisAgreementonclimatechange,andsoundenergystatisticsarethebasisforthereliablemeasurementofprogress,therebyassistingtheformulationofpolicymeasurestoachieveinternationalandnationalsustainabledevelopmentgoals.

TheinformationinthispublicationisprimarilybasedontheenergydatacollectioncarriedoutbytheEnergyStatisticsSectionoftheUnitedNationsStatisticsDivision(UNSD).Thedataareavailableinthe2020editionsoftheEnergyStatisticsYearbook,theEnergyBalances,andtheElectricityProfiles,threeannualUNSDpublicationsthatpresentenergydatainbasicindicatorformats,aswellasformatsthatshowamoredetailed,yetnumber-heavy,pictureofproduction,trade,transformationandconsumptionofenergyproductsinmorethan200countriesandterritories.

Thepresentpublicationaimsatprovidingadditionalinformationbyhighlightingkeyindicatorsandusingdifferentvisualizationstoalsoshowdevelopments,dependenciesanddistributionsinawaythatstandarddatatablescannotconvey.

Moreinformationaboutthedatacollectionprocess,aswellastheotherthreeannualpublicationssourcedfromthesamedatabaseasthispocketbook,isavailableat/unsd/energystats.

Acknowledgements

ThispublicationhasbeencompiledbytheEnergyStatisticsSectionofUNSD,whichisheadedbyMr.LeonardoSouza.TheconceptualdesignofthispocketbookhasbeencarriedoutbyMr.Souza,Ms.AgnieszkaKoscielniakandMs.CostanzaGiovannelli.Ms.Giovannellitooktheleadinthegraphicdesign,supportedbyMr.GrahamOsbornandMs.PengGuo.TheenergydatausedforthepocketbookhavebeencollectedandprocessedbythestaffoftheEnergyStatisticsSection.

Enquiries,commentsandsuggestionsforimprovingthispublicationarewelcomeandshouldbeaddressedto:energy_stat@.

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

Totalenergysupply

1.Totalenergysupplypercapita,2020

Gigajoulespercapita

Gigajoules

percapita

Source:UNEnergyStatisticsDatabase/UNGeospatial.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.AdisputeexistsbetweentheGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconcerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).

FACTSANDFIGURES

Worldtotalenergysupply1(TES)was578.6EJin2020,decliningby4.1%comparedto2019.ThedecreaseaffectedalltheregionsbutwasmostintenseinNorthernAmerica(-7.7%)andLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(-5.8%).IntheUnitedStates,theabsolutedecreaseinTESobservedbetween2019and2020wasmorethan7EJ(-7.7%).

AsiaTESdiminutionwasmoremodest(-1.3%),withtheregionaccountingforthefirsttimeformorethan50%oftheworldtotalenergysupply;China,incontrasttotheoveralltrend,hasincreaseditsTESin2020(+2.8%).Ontheotherhand,Europe’sshareofworldTEShasbeensteadilydeclininginthelast30years,droppingfrom35.3%in1990to17.5%in2020,withanabsolutereductionofmorethan5EJbetween2019and2020(-4.8%).

Internationalbunkerswereequalto12.5EJin2020(accountingfor2.2%ofworldTES),showingasubstantialcontractioncomparedto2019(-27.3%).

(1)Seenotesonpages68-73.

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision1

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

2.Energyintensity2,2020

Gigajoulesperthousandinternational$

Gigajoules

perthousand

international$

Source:UNEnergyStatisticsDatabase/UNGeospatial.Thedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofany

opinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitation

ofitsfrontiersorboundaries.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmir

hasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.Adisputeexistsbetween

theGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconcerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).

3.Energysupply(total,percapitaandenergyintensity2),majorcountries,2020Exajoules,gigajoulespercapitaandgigajoulesperthousandinternational$

Country

TES

Country

TESpercapita

Country

Energyintensity2

China

140.2

Iceland

988.2

Iceland

18.9

UnitedStates

85.5

Qatar

635.2

TrinidadandTobago

17.7

India

38.2

Bahrain

451.2

NewCaledonia

14.1

RussianFederation

31.5

TrinidadandTobago

405.0

Liberia

14.0

Japan

16.1

UnitedArabEmirates

391.6

Zimbabwe

13.7

Brazil

11.9

BruneiDarussalam

369.7

Dem.Rep.oftheCongo

13.5

Canada

11.9

Kuwait

350.9

Uganda

12.3

Germany

11.6

Gibraltar

320.8

Turkmenistan

11.9

World

578.6

World

73.8

World

4.6

(2)Seenotesonpages68-73.

2UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

4.Totalenergysupplybyregionandsource,2020

Exajoules

Northern

America

(excl.US)

CoalOilNaturalgas

LatinAsia(excl.America&China)

Carib.

Biofuelsandwaste

ChinaEuropeOceaniaIntl.bunkers

NuclearElectricityandheat

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

UnitedStates

Africa

5.Totalenergysupplybyregionandsource,2020

Exajoules

Region

Coal

Oil

Natural

gas

Biofuelsandwaste

Nuclear

Electricityandheat

TES

Africa

15.00.10.933.5

NorthernAmerica(exclUS)

11.9

UnitedStates

9.329.63.785.5

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

1.60.43.532.4

Asia(excl.China)

40.647.942.7154.7

China

84.827.67.3140.2

Europe

12.927.46.0101.0

Oceania

0.3-0.66.8

Internationalbunkers

-12.50.010.02--12.5

World

156.0170.8140.953.428.928.5578.6

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision3

1990

1991

1992

1993

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1997

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1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

19902020

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

6.Totalenergysupplybyregion,1990–2020

Exajoulesandpercentage

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Africa

UnitedStates

Asia(excl.China)

Europe

InternationalBunkers

NorthernAmerica(excl.US)

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanChina

Oceania

7.Totalenergysupplybyregion,1990,2000,2010and2020

Exajoules

Region

1990

2000

2010

2020

Africa

15.920.928.033.5

NorthernAmerica(excl.US)

8.910.610.911.9

UnitedStates

80.395.392.985.5

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

19.625.533.132.4

Asia(excl.China)

63.397.8131.5154.7

China

30.442.5101.6140.2

Europe

126.3106.7112.0101.0

Oceania

6.8

Internationalbunkers

8.711.214.912.5

World

357.7416.0531.3578.6

4UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

19902020

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

8.Worldtotalenergysupplybysource,1990–2020

Exajoulesandpercentage

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

CoalOilNaturalgasBiofuelsandwasteNuclearElectricityandheat

9.Worldtotalenergysupplybysource,1990,2000,2010and2020

Exajoules

Source

1990

2000

2010

2020

Coal

93.599.3151.4156.0

Oil

134.3154.8173.9170.8

Naturalgas

68.286.9113.9140.9

Biofuelsandwaste

30.735.345.653.4

Nuclear

21.828.029.828.9

Electricityandheat

9.311.716.728.5

Total

357.7416.0531.3578.6

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision5

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

Primaryenergyproduction

10.Energyself-sufficiency3,2020

Percentage

Source:UNEnergyStatisticsDatabase/UNGeospatial.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialonthemapsinthispublicationdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartoftheSecretariatoftheUnitedNationsconcerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorboundaries.DottedlinerepresentsapproximatelytheLineofControlinJammuandKashmiragreeduponbyIndiaandPakistan.ThefinalstatusofJammuandKashmirhasnotyetbeenagreeduponbytheparties.FinalboundarybetweentheRepublicofSudanandtheRepublicofSouthSudanhasnotyetbeendetermined.AdisputeexistsbetweentheGovernmentsofArgentinaandtheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandconcerningsovereigntyovertheFalklandIslands(Malvinas).

FACTSANDFIGURES

Worldprimaryproductionreached587EJin2020,a4.2%declinecomparedto2019,whilehavingincreasedby62.3%comparedto1990,correspondingtoanaveragecompoundedyearlygrowthof1.6%.Theyearlydropwasdueinparticulartothethreelargestenergysources,namelyoil(-7.3%)coal(-4.8%),andnaturalgas(-2.6%),whichrepresented81.2%oftheworldtotalprimaryenergyproductionin2020.Asignificantshareof2020primaryenergyproductionoccurredinahandfulofcountries:

-Sixcountriesproducedalmost7/8ofallprimarycoal(87.4%),withChinaaloneproducingmorethanhalf(50.5%)oftheworldcoal.Amongthemajorproducers,theUnitedStateshadthemostsubstantialdecline(-25.5%);

-TheUnitedStatestoppedtheoilproducerswitharound17.3%oftheworldproduction.Fivecountriesconcentratedmorethanhalfofallprimaryoilproduction(52.8%),butinallofthemproductiondiminishedin2020.Iraqoilproductioncontractedby13.7%;

-Fourcountries(UnitedStates,RussianFederation,IranandChina)producedmorethanhalfofallnaturalgas(52.0%).Ofthemajorfourproducers,onlyChinaincreaseditsnaturalgasproductionin2020(+9.7%).

(3)Seenotesonpages68-73.

6UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

11.Primaryenergyproductionbyregionandsource,2020

Exajoules

AfricaNorthernUnitedLatinAsia(excl.ChinaEuropeOceania

AmericaStatesAmericaChina)

(excl.US)andthe

Caribbean

CoalOilNaturalgasBiofuelsandwasteNuclearElectricityandheat

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

12.Primaryenergyproductionbyregionandsource,2020

Exajoules

Region

Coal

Oil

Naturalgas

Biofuelsandwaste

Nuclear

Electricityandheat

Total

Africa

43.9

NorthernAmerica(excl.US)

1.011.01.521.7

UnitedStates

10.830.433.04.08.93.590.6

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

1.70.43.535.1

Asia(excl.China)

32.265.541.3162.3

China

4.14.07.4111.7

Europe

14.511.46.0101.4

Oceania

0.3-0.620.3

World

159.4175.6141.852.828.928.5587.0

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision7

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

Africa

UnitedStatesAsia(excl.China)Europe

NorthernAmerica(excl.US)LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

China

Oceania

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

13.Totalprimaryenergyproductionbyregion,1990–2020

Exajoulesandpercentage

19902020

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

14.Totalprimaryenergyproductionbyregion,1990,2000,2010and2020

Exajoules

Region

1990

2000

2010

2020

Africa

28.136.547.343.9

NorthernAmerica(excl.US)

11.615.716.621.7

UnitedStates

69.169.772.390.6

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

25.835.441.835.1

Asia(excl.China)

74.2108.3146.1162.3

China

32.740.888.6111.7

Europe

112.995.0102.7101.4

Oceania

7.410.614.520.3

World

361.7412.1530.0587.0

8UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

15.Worldprimaryenergyproductionbysource,1990–2020

Exajoules

CoalOilNaturalgas

BiofuelsandwasteNuclearElectricityandheat

16.Worldprimaryenergyproductionbysource,1990,2000,2010and2020

Percentage

Source

1990

2000

2010

2020

Coal

26.2%23.2%29.0%27.2%

Oil

37.7%37.7%32.2%29.9%

Naturalgas

19.0%20.9%21.4%24.2%

Biofuelsandwaste

8.5%8.6%8.6%9.0%

Nuclear

6.0%6.8%5.6%4.9%

Electricityandheat

2.6%2.8%3.2%4.8%

Total

100.0%100.0%100.0%100.0%

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision9

Coal

Oil

Naturalgas

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

17.Primaryproductionofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas,majorcountries,2020Percentage

Indonesia

Australia

F

US

US

China

Russian

ederation

SaudiArabia

RussianFederation

O

Iran(Islamic

Other

countries(75)

es

ries

thercountri(97)

Rep.)

Othercount(97)

0%20%40%60%80%100%

18.Primaryproductionofcoal,oil,andnaturalgas,majorcountries,2020Exajoules

Coal

Oil

Naturalgas

China

80.5

UnitedStates

30.4

UnitedStates

33.0

Indonesia

14.3

RussianFederation

21.9

RussianFederation

24.8

Australia

12.3

SaudiArabia

20.8

Iran(IslamicRepublicof)

8.2

India

11.6

Canada

11.0

China

7.7

UnitedStates

10.8

Iraq

8.5

Canada

6.5

RussianFederation

9.7

China

8.2

Qatar

6.2

SouthAfrica

5.8

UnitedArabEmirates

7.5

Australia

5.3

Kazakhstan

1.9

Brazil

6.7

SaudiArabia

4.8

Others

12.4

Others

60.6

Others

45.3

World

159.4

World

175.6

World

141.8

10UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision

a

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

19.Primaryproductionofbiofuelsandwaste,nuclear,andelectricityandheat,

majorcountries,2020–Percentage

Biofuelsandwaste

Nuclear

Electricity

andheat

0%20%40%60%80%100%

20.Primaryproductionofbiofuelsandwaste,nuclear,andelectricityandheat,majorcountries,2020–Exajoules

Nige

riaChina

India

US

China

Chin

US

Oth

ercountries(204)

Otherco(29

thercount(214)

untries

)

ries

France

Brazil

O

Biofuelsandwaste

Nuclear

Electricityandheat

India

8.0

UnitedStates

8.9

China

7.4

Nigeria

5.0

China

4.0

UnitedStates

3.5

China

4.1

France

3.8

Brazil

1.7

Brazil

4.0

RussianFederation

2.3

Canada

1.5

UnitedStates

4.0

RepublicofKorea

1.7

India

1.0

Indonesia

1.6

Canada

1.1

Türkiye

0.9

Ethiopia

1.4

Ukraine

0.8

RussianFederation

0.8

Germany

1.3

Germany

0.7

Germany

0.8

Others

23.3

Others

5.6

Others

10.9

World

52.8

World

28.9

World

28.5

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision11

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

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2000

2001

2002

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2004

2005

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2007

2008

2009

2010

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2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

19902020

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

21.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregion,1990–2020

Exajoulesandpercentage

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Africa

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanChina

Europe

NorthernAmerica

Asia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)Indonesia

Oceania

22.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregion,1990,2000,2010and2020

Exajoules

Region

1990

2000

2010

2020

Africa

6.2

NorthernAmerica

24.323.923.711.8

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

1.7

Asia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)

6.99.916.217.9

China

23.129.569.780.5

Indonesia

14.3

Europe

30.616.515.914.5

Oceania

4.57.010.612.4

World

94.895.7153.9159.4

12UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

23.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregionandtypeoffuel,2020

Exajoules

Africa

NorthernAmericaLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanAsia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)

China

Indonesia EuropeOceania

020406080

HardcoalBrowncoalOilshale/OilsandsandPeat

24.Primaryproductionofcoalbyregionandtypeoffuel,2020

Exajoules

Region

Hardcoal

Brown

coal

Oilshale/

Peat

Total

Africa

6.2-0+6.2

NorthernAmerica

6.7

5.1

-

11.8

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean

1.70.10+1.7

Asia(excl.ChinaandIndonesia)

16.01.80+17.9

China

80.5

-

-

80.5

Indonesia

14.3

-

-

14.3

Europe

14.5

Oceania

11.5

0.9

-

12.4

World

147.511.70.2159.4

UnitedNationsStatisticsDivision13

1992

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2020

180

160

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120

100

80

60

40

20

0

Africa

UnitedStates

Asia

RussianFederation

NorthernAmerica(excl.US)

LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanEurope(excl.RussianFederation)Oceania

2023EnergyStatisticsPocketbook

25.Primaryproductionofoilbyregion,1992–2020

Exajoulesandpercentage

19922020

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

26.Primaryproductionofoilbyregion,1992,2000,2010and2020

Exajoules

Region

1992

2000

2010

2020

Africa

14.216.4