2022-2023學(xué)年河南省鄭州市金水區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷（含解析）

2022-2023學(xué)年河南省鄭州市金水區(qū)高三（上）期末英語試卷題號(hào)一二三四五六總分得分注意事項(xiàng):

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第I卷（選擇題）一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共30.0分）Atransport.ItasGREATpublictransport.Itisreliable，safe，accessible.Ofaccessible.Ofcourse，likeeverythinginCopenhagen，itisnotcheap.Thesystemcanbealittleconfusing，evenforlocals，butwe'reheretohelpsimplifyitallforyou!AndtodayourfocusisTravellingwithaBike.

BIKESONTHETRAIN

Bicyclescanbetakenons-toglinesforfreebutyoucan'ttakebikesthroughN?rreportstationduringpeakhours.

Totakeyourbikeonatrain，youneedtoputitonthefirstorlastcarriage，clearlymarkedwithlargesignsofbicyclesontheoutside.

Totakeabikeonaregionaltrain，whichtakesyoutopartsofDenmarkoutsideCopenhagen，youmustbuyanextraticket.Thepricedependsonthedistanceandvariesfrom14krto28kr.

BIKESONTHEMETRO

Bicyclescanbetakenonthemetroforanextra13kr.Youneedtopayforthebikewithitsownticket.Youcan'ttakeyourbikeonthemetroduringpeakhours.

BIKESONTHEBUS

Youcanbringabikeonabusbuteachbusislimitedtotwobikes，evenifthereismuchspace.Generally，peopledonottravelwiththeirbikesonbusesinCopenhagen.

BIKESONTHEFERRY（渡輪）

Chargesforbicyclesdependonthecompanyandthedestination.Youwillneedtocheckwiththeferrycompanies.Whenyoubooktheticket，youmuststatethatyouhaveacycle，evenifit'sfreeofcharge.1.Whoisthistextprobablyintendedfor？______A.Touristguides. B.Ticketinspectors.

C.Localcitizens. D.Biketravelers.2.Onwhichpublictransportcanyoutakeabikeforfree？______A.Apeaktimes-togtrain. B.Aweekdayregionaltrain.

C.Anoff-peakmetrotrain. D.Aweekendferry3.Whatisthedisadvantageofbringingabikeonabus？______A.Busesaretoocrowded.

B.Availabilityisnotguaranteed.

C.It'sagainstthelocalcustom.

D.It'snotwelcomedbyotherpassengers.BIwasborninKarach?，Pakistan.Aftercompletingmybachelor'sdegreeinMBBS，Igotascholarshipin2014fromChinaScholarshipCounciltodoamaster'sinNeurosurgeryatSoutheastUniversityNanjing，China.Icouldn'twaittostartmypostgraduatestudyinChina.Inmyfirstyear，IlearnedtheChineselanguage，andpassedtheHSKlevel5.IthelpedmealotasavolunteerduringtheCOVID-19pandemic（流行?。?

InFebruary2020，whentheCOVID-19pandemicwasonpeak，theschoolchosemeasavolunteer.whichwasagreathonorforme.ItwaschallengingtodecidewhetherIshouldstayhereorgobackhomebecausemyfamilyforcedmetoreturnhome.Atthattime，IthoughtImuststandoutinthiscriticalmomentsoIwashandedalotofresponsibilitiesrelatedtothestudents'dailyneeds.

Everyday，Ihadtotakeanorderfromstudentsfortheirdinnersandbroughtfoodforthem.Besides，Ihadtorecordtheirtemperaturesthreetimesaday，forwhichtheuniversitieshadgivenathermometer（溫度計(jì)）tothemall.Sometimesif.astudentfeltsick，itwasmyresponsibilitytoaccompanyhimtothehospital.Also，Ihadtogotothesupermarkettobringgroceriesforthem、forwhichIhadtoaskeveryindividualthedailynecessitiestheyneeded.Iprovidedpsychologicalassistance，emotionalcomfort，andcounselingtothem.Asthepandemicwasgettingbetter，Imuststayatthedormitorygatetoensurethatthestudentswerewearingmasks，havingthepermissioncardstogoout，andrequestthemtocomebackontime，

Ithassharpenedmyskillsinbecominginbetterdefenderanddevelopedasenseofprideincontributingtocommunity.4.Whatprobablyhelpstheauthorbecomeavolunteer？______A.ScholarshipfromtheCouncil. B.Hiscompletionofcourses.

C.HismasteryofChinese. D.Supportfromhisfamily.5.Whatdidtheauthorsacrificetobeavolunteer？______A.Hishealth. B.Histimewithfamily.

C.Hisreputation. D.Hischanceofeducation.6.Whichdutyisexcludedasavolunteer？______A.Accompanyingstudentstothehospital.

B.Bringingnecessitiestostudents.

C.Handingoutpermissioncardstostudents.

D.Comfortingandinspiringstudents.7.Whatmessagedoestheauthorconveyinthetext？______A.Rosesgiven，fragranceinhand.

B.It'seasiersaidthandone.

C.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.

D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.COurplanetquakesthousandsoftimesayear，butwestillcan'tpredictexactlywhenandwhereearthquakeswillstrike.Whatifanimals'oddbehaviorcouldwarnus？

Researchershavereviewedhundredsofreportsonpre-quakeabnormalanimalbehaviors，butmorewerejust.GeologistJimBerklandcountednewspaperadslookingforrunawaycatsanddogs.OnOctober13，1989，hetoldanewspaperreporterabigquakewouldstrikeinaweek.Fourdayslater，theLomaPrietamega-quakehit!ButthescientificcommunitystillrejectedBerkland'stheory.Hedidn'tdocumenteveryprediction，sonobodycouldmeasurehisaccuracyrate.

Actualscientificevidencehastoberepeatable.Andaconnectionbetweenacauseandaneffecthastobeshowntobestrongerthanrandomchancethroughcarefulexperimentationanddatacollection.Californiaresearchersinthe1970shappenedtohavebuiltcontrolledhabitatstomonitorthewheel-runningactivityofpocketmice.Thesehabitatshappenedtobeinanactiveearthquakearea.Thenthe1971SanFernandoearthquakestrucknearby.Theresearcherscheckedtheirdataandfoundnobigchangesinhowlongtheanimalsranintheirwheelsorstayedundergroundbeforetheearthquakeactivity.Whatmightthenextexperimentshow？

Researchersfrom150universitiesworldwideareworkingonanewstudycalledtheICARUSproject.Theprojecttracksmanysmallanimalspeciessuchasbirds，bats，andturtlesforthepurposeofscientificresearch.Onegroupofresearchersislookingforpossibleconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorandearthquakes.Iftheyfindareliableconnection，thiscouldsavehundredsofthousandsofhumanlives.ICARUSaimstopoweranappthatwillgivepeoplehourstogettosafety.

However，noteveryoneishopeful.GeologistWendyBohonsaidthatICARUSisdoingsome"coolthings，"butsheknowsanimalbehaviorishardtopindown."Mycatcouldactcrazybeforeanearthquake，"shesays."Butitalsoactscrazyifsomebodyusesthecanopener."8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"anecdotes"meaninparagraph2？______A.Real-lifenewsstories. B.Randomindividualstudies.

C.Repeatedscientificreports. D.Unprovedpersonalaccounts.9.WhywasBerkland'stheoryrejectedbythescientificcommunity？______A.Heusedunreliabledatafromnewspaperads.

B.Hisdocumentwasn'tconsistentwithhistheory.

C.Hisstudydidn'tincludeenoughanimalsamples.

D.Hefailedtoprovetheaccuracyofhispredictions.10.WhatistheultimategoaloftheICARUSproject？______A.Toprovideaccuratepre-quakewarnings.

B.Todevelopanapptocallforhelpduringquakes.

C.Toseekworldwidecooperationsinquakeprediction.

D.Tofindconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorsandquakes.11.WhatisWendyBohon'sattitudetowardstheICARUSproject？______A.Disapproving. B.Doubtful. C.Intolerant. D.UnclearDPieterBruegel'siconic1565paintingTheHarvestershangsattheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.Theworkshowedpeopleharvestingwheatnearlyastallastheywere."nowadays，however，ifyouwalkthroughawheatfield，youbasicallyseethatwheatisaboutknee-height.Thereducedheightisessentiallyaconsequenceofbreeding（培育）alongwithgenesforincreasingproductiontofeedagrowingpopulation，"biologistDeSmetexplained.

DeSmetsayswheatisjustoneexampleofhowhistoricalartworkcanallowustotrackthetransformationoffoodcropsovertime.HeteamedupwitharthistorianVergauwen，afriendsincechildhood，todocumentsuchartworkaroundtheworld.Theyhavebeenmainlylookingatthingswheretheycanspotchangesinshape，colorandsize.

TheirinterestinplantsinartworkbeganwithavisittotheHermitageMuseum，wheretheynoticedanodd-lookingwatermeloninanearly-17th-centurypainting.Itappearedtobepaleandwhiteontheinside.BiologistDeSmetassumedthepainterhaddoneapoorjob.ButarthistorianVergauwenhadadifferentidea."No，thisisoneofthebestpainterseverfromthatera.Soifhepainteditlikethat，that'sthewayitmusthavelookedlike，"heexplained.

Otherpaintingsrevealedthatbothredandwhitewatermelonsweregrownduringthe17thcentury."Withallthegeneticknowledgewenowhave，wecanlookinmoredetailhowsomethingcomesabout，"DeSmetsaid."Forexample，untilthe18thcentury，Europeanstrawberriesappearedtinyinpaintings-theythengrewinsizeastheywerecrossbredwithNorthAmericanvarieties."

Ultimately，theteamhopestocreateanonlineresearchdatabaseofhistoricalplantartwork.Theyseekthecontributionsofartenthusiastsaroundtheworldviathesocialmedia."However，"Vergauwenreminds，"ifyou'regoingtouse，forexample，Picassototryandunderstandhowapearlookedintheearly20thcentury，youmightbemisled."12.WhatcanwelearnaboutthepaintingTheHarvesters？______A.Itshowshowpeoplesuccessfullygrewwheat.

B.Itprovesthatwheatwasmuchshorterinthepast.

C.Itexplainstheconsequenceofdifferentbreedingmethods.

D.Itgivescluesabouthowwheatinthe16thcenturylookedlike.13.Whatinspiredtheresearchteamtostarttheirstudy？______A.Theirpreferenceforfoodcrops.

B.Theirfriendshipsincechildhood.

C.Theirdividedviewsonanoldpainting.

D.TheirsharedinterestinHermitageMuseum.14.WhatisthemessagefromVergauweninthelastparagraph？______A.Artenthusiastsarenotcarefulenough.

B.Abstractpaintingsoftenmisleadpeople.

C.Thesourcepaintingsneedtoberealistic.

D.Picasso'spaintingsarehardtounderstand.15.Whatisthepurposeofthetext？______A.Tocommentonhistoricalplantpaintings.

B.Totellinterestingstoriesbehindplantartwork.

C.Toinformreadersofascientificbreakthrough.

D.Tointroduceastudyonfoodcroptransformation.二、閱讀七選五（本大題共5小題，共10.0分）Healthandfitnesshelpapersonliveagoodandhealthylife.Oftenduetovariouspressures，

wetendtoignoreourhealth.(1)Itisthefitnesslevelofourbodythathelpsusfightthesediseases.

(2)Weneedtobefittohaveahealthybody.Similarly，ifwearehealthyweshallnaturallybeattractedtowardsmaintainingthefitnessofourbody.Healthisthestateofourbodyatagiventime.Wemaynothaveanydiseasebutstillhaveaweakbody，whichisreadytobetargetedbyviruses.(3)Thisdoesnotdefinitelymeanthatwearenothealthy.Itmeansthefitnesslevelisnotinaccordancewithourageandtheclimaticconditionswelivein.

Itisimportantforeveryonetodevotesometimetohealthandfitness.(4)Forinstance，wemustexercisedailyregardlessofourageandworkingstyle.Therearedifferentlevelsofexercisesfordifferentagegroupsandwemustdothemaccordingtoourownhealthandage.

Additionally，itisimportanttorelaxourbody.Weshouldhaveatleastsixtoeighthoursofsleepeveryday.Ithelpsinimprovingourimmune（免疫）systemandprotectsusagainstdiseases.

(5)This，inturn，givesusnewgoalsofhealthandfitness.

A．Thismakesourbodysufferandwewillcatchotherdiseases.

B．Healthandfitnessareinterrelatedtoeachother.

C．Italsohelpsinkeepinguscalmandrelaxesourmind.

D．Forinstance，wemayhaveatendencytocatchacoldeasily.

E．Ifwekeepourbodyfit，wecanenjoylifeinabettermanner.

F．Fitnesslevelsdecidethequalityoflife.

G．Therearesomeactivitieswhicheveryoneshoulddoinourlife.16.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H17.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H18.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H19.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H20.?A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E F.F G.G H.H三、完形填空（本大題共20小題，共30.0分）IbecameagardenerwhenIwastwelve．Myearly(21)ofgardeningmaynothaveoriginalfrommylovefornature．Itwasto(22)myparents．

Atthattime，wehadabigyardinwhichabeautifulmapletreestood．Butmymotheroftenlookedwith(23)atthisworkofnaturalart．Thosegoldenleavesseemedliketonsofrubbishher，"somethingelseto(24)!"Seeingtheneighborsbusywithgardening，myfathereverthoughtitawasteoftime．

Atthatage，Ialwaysdidsomething(25)towhatevermyparentsdid!Ifgardeningweresomethingtheyfound(26)，Iwouldplantagarden!

Iplantedsomelily（百合花）seedsintheyard．Buttheyfailedto(27)．Icontinuedtosunflowerseedsandroses，Wild(28)joy，Ifoundthefirstrosebloom（開花）．Onebyone，theflowersbloomedtheirheadsoff．(29)，Iwastouchedbythislandofwonder．

(30)，myparentsshowednointerestinmygarden．Myfathereven(31)atmebecausefounditwas(32)tomovearoundmygardentothedriveway．Tomymother's(33)，Iputhervasemyrealroseswhich，inhereyes，weresimplyweeds(34)flowers．

Regardlessoftheir(35)，Ikeptonplantingmygardenand(36)toenjoythepleasuregardening．Plantsmakesuchgoodcompanions：theybreathe，theybloom，they(37)tocareandlove．

IthasbeenmanyyearssinceImademyfirstgardenoutofmydesireto(38)myparent．TodayIbecomeknownasMrs．Greenthumbs，teachinggardeningandhostingagardeningshowwhichmakesmyparentsfeelvery(39)．AndnowIcouldsayitismyaffectionfor(40)theymakesmearealgardener．21.?A.memory B.dream C.intention D.design22.?A.please B.change C.help D.annoy23.?A.doubt B.appreciation C.surprise D.excitement24.?A.collectup B.careabout C.cleanup D.comein25.?A.equal B.similar C.superior D.opposite26.?A.painful B.valuable C.upsetting D.interesting27.?A.comeup B.breakout C.holdon D.getthrough28.?A.to B.with C.in D.by29.?A.Luckily B.Cheerfully C.Regularly D.Eventually30.?A.Instead B.However C.Therefore D.Besides31.?A.shouted B.laughed C.glanced D.jumped32.?A.convenient B.troublesome C.enjoyable D.dangerous33.?A.sadness B.displeasure C.delight D.relief34.?A.otherthan B.morethan C.ratherthan D.lessthan35.?A.dislike B.encouragement C.threat D.suggestion36.?A.decided B.stopped C.continued D.struggled37.?A.devote B.turn C.respond D.lead38.?A.defeat B.satisfy C.respect D.challenge39.?A.proud B.comfortable C.strange D.disappointed40.?A.freedom B.life C.growth D.nature第II卷（非選擇題）四、語法填空（本大題共1小題，共15.0分）41.TheYangtzeRiver，(1)（know）inChinaastheChangJiang，isthelongestriverinAsiaandthelongestintheworldtoflowentirelywithinonecountry.FlowingfromtheTibetanPlateautotheEastChinaSea，theYangtzeisanaturaldivision(2)northandsouth.Drivenbythe(3)（curious）inmyheart，IcametoChinaandtookpartinacruise（巡航）alongpartoftheriverlastyear.

Lifeonboardwasrelaxingwithplentytooccupythetimeandmind.WepassedWuhan(4)in1966ChairmanMao，theninhis70s，famouslyswamacrosstheYangtze.Glorioustemplesriseoverindustrialportswhile，highabovetherocks，ancientcoffinsarehungincaveswithoutbeingdisturbedfor(5)（century）.WealsovisitedTheThreeGorgesDam，(6)symbolofChineseprideandpower.Aswellasenormoushydro﹣electricoutput，(7)（it）increasingshippingabilitybenefitsChinesepeoplequitealot.

Asaforeigner，I(8)（absorb）andcharmedbythegenuinewarmthofwelcomeanduniquecultureduringthetrip.(9)（rare），ifever，haveIenjoyedsuchaculturallyrichandhistoricallyinterestingtrip.NowIamlookingforwardto(10)（visit）againChina!(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)五、短文改錯(cuò)（本大題共1小題，共10.0分）42.假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏詞符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：

1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

Whenitcomestoocean，itspollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriously.WorldOceanDay，fallingonJune8th，isaimingatraisingpeople'sawarenessofoceanconservation.

Notonlyoceanofferussufficientfood，butalsoitmaintainsthebalanceofnature.However，itisimportanttoprotectocean.Firstofall，howwecandoistoplaceimportanceonourdailyactions.Forexample，garbagesshouldn'tbethrownintoocean.What'smore，youcanalsocallmorepeopletoprotectocean.Themorepeopleareinvolved，andthebetterouroceanenvironmentwillbe.

Allinall，itwashightimethatwedevotedourselvestoprotectocean.六、書面表達(dá)（本大題共1小題，共25.0分）43.假定你是校學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，你校外教布朗先生在學(xué)校英語文化節(jié)中應(yīng)邀給學(xué)生做了一場講座。請(qǐng)你代表學(xué)生會(huì)給他寫一封信，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）表達(dá)感謝；

（2）告知講座反響。

注意：

（1）寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為120左右；

（2）請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearMrBrown，????????????Sincerelyyours，

LiHua

答案和解析1~3.【答案】D、A、B【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的AndtodayourfocusisTravellingwithaBike.（今天我們的重點(diǎn)是騎自行車旅行。）可知這篇文章可能是寫給自行車旅行者。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BIKESONTHETRAIN部分中的Bicyclescanbetakenons-toglinesforfreebutyoucan'ttakebikesthroughN?rreportstationduringpeakhours.（自行車可以免費(fèi)乘坐s-tog線，但在高峰時(shí)段不能通過N?rreport站。）可知高峰時(shí)間s-tog列車上可以免費(fèi)攜帶自行車。故選A。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BIKESONTHEBUS部分中的Youcanbringabikeonabusbuteachbusislimitedtotwobikes，evenifthereismuchspace.Generally，peopledonottravelwiththeirbikesonbusesinCopenhagen.（你可以帶一輛自行車上公共汽車，但每輛公共汽車僅限于兩輛自行車，即使有很大的空間。一般來說，在哥本哈根人們不攜帶自行車乘公共汽車。）可知在公共汽車上攜帶自行車不能得到保證。故選B。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了在哥本哈根的自行車旅行的相關(guān)情況。

1．直接信息題：

直接信息題是指能夠直接從原文中找到信息，選項(xiàng)在語言表達(dá)上與原文基本一致的題目。

2．間接信息題：

間接信息題是能夠從原文中找到信息，但在語言表達(dá)上與原文有差異，做題時(shí)需要對(duì)原文信息進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。

3．綜合信息題：

綜合信息題是指這類題目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句話，可能是原文的幾句話，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求學(xué)生把原文所提供的信息綜合起來分析，而不能斷章取義。

4~7.【答案】C、B、C、A【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段Inmyfirstyear.IlearnedtheChineselanguage，andpassedtheHSKlevel5.IthelpedmealotasavolunteerduringtheCOVID-19pandemic（流行病）.（在我的第一年。我學(xué)會(huì)了漢語，并通過了HSK五級(jí)考試。在COVID-19大流行病期間，作為志愿者，它對(duì)我有很大幫助。）可知，可能幫助作者成為志愿者的是他精通漢語。故選C。

（2）推理判斷題。極據(jù)文章第二段ItwaschallengingtodecidewhetherIshouldstayhereorgobackhomebecausemyfamilyforcedmetoreturnhome.（決定我應(yīng)該留在這里還是回家是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的，因?yàn)槲业募胰藦?qiáng)迫我回家。）可知，作者為了成為一名志愿者犧牲了他和家人在一起的時(shí)間。故選B。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段Asthepandemicwasgettingbetter，Imuststayatthedormitorygatetoensurethatthestudentswerewearingmasks，havingthepermissioncardstogoout，andrequestthemtocomebackontime.（隨著疫情的好轉(zhuǎn)，我必須留在宿舍門口，確保學(xué)生戴著口罩，有出門許可卡，并要求他們準(zhǔn)時(shí)回來。）可知，分發(fā)出門許可證不是作者作為志愿者的職責(zé)。故選C。

（4）主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段Ithassharpenedmyskillsinbecominginbetterfenderanddevelopednsenseofprideincontributingtocommunity.（它提高了我成為更好的防御者的技能，并培養(yǎng)了為社區(qū)做出貢獻(xiàn)的自豪感。）可知，在中國做志愿者使作者的防御技能得到了提升，也培養(yǎng)了為社區(qū)服務(wù)的自豪感，這就是"贈(zèng)人玫瑰，手留余香"的最佳詮釋。故選A。

本文是一篇記敘文。敘述了巴基斯坦的留學(xué)生疫情期間在中國做志愿者的故事。

閱讀理解題測試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)未說明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

8~11.【答案】D、D、A、B【解析】（1）詞句猜測題。由文章第二段Researchers?have?reviewed?hundreds?of?reports?on?pre-quake?abnormal?animal?behaviors，but?more?were?just???????.Geologist?Jim?Berkland?counted?newspaper?ads?looking?for?runaway?cats?and?dogs.（研究人員查閱了數(shù)百份關(guān)于地震前動(dòng)物異常行為的報(bào)告，但更多的只是_________。地質(zhì)學(xué)家吉姆?伯克蘭統(tǒng)計(jì)了報(bào)紙上尋找離家出走的貓和狗的廣告。）劃線詞前半句Researchershavereviewedhundredsofreportsonpre-quakeabnormalanimalbehaviors，（研究人員查閱了數(shù)百份關(guān)于地震前動(dòng)物異常行為的報(bào)告。）和轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，這些地震前動(dòng)物異常行為的報(bào)告是傳聞，即"未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)告"。A．Real-life?news?stories.真實(shí)的新聞故事；B．Random?individual?studies.隨機(jī)個(gè)體研究；C．Repeated?scientific?reports.重復(fù)的科學(xué)報(bào)告；D．Unproved?personal?accounts.未經(jīng)證實(shí)的個(gè)人報(bào)告。故選D。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段ButthescientificcommunitystillrejectedBerkland'stheory.Hedidn'tdocumenteveryprediction，sonobodycouldmeasurehisaccuracyrate.（但是科學(xué)界仍然拒絕接受伯克蘭的理論。他沒有記錄每一個(gè)預(yù)測，所以沒有人能衡量他的準(zhǔn)確率。）可知，伯克蘭的理論被科學(xué)界拒絕，是因?yàn)樗麤]能證明自己預(yù)測的準(zhǔn)確性。故選D。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段Onegroupofresearchersislookingforpossibleconnectionsbetweenanimalbehaviorandearthquakes.Iftheyfindareliableconnection，thiscouldsavehundredsofthousandsofhumanlives.ICARUSaimstopoweranappthatwillgivepeoplehourstogettosafety.（一組研究人員正在尋找動(dòng)物行為和地震之間的可能聯(lián)系。如果他們找到可靠的聯(lián)系，這將挽救成千上萬人的生命。ICARUS旨在為一款應(yīng)用程序提供動(dòng)力，讓人們?cè)趲仔r(shí)內(nèi)到達(dá)安全地帶。）可知，ICARUS項(xiàng)目的最終目標(biāo)是提供準(zhǔn)確的震前預(yù)警。故選A。

（4）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章最后一段However，noteveryoneishopeful.GeologistWendyBohonsaidthatICARUSisdoingsome"coolthings，"butsheknowsanimalbehaviorishardtopindown."Mycatcouldactcrazybeforeanearthquake，"shesays."Butitalsoactscrazyifsomebodyusesthecanopener."（然而，并非所有人都抱有希望。地質(zhì)學(xué)家溫迪?博漢說，ICARUS正在做一些"很酷的事情"，但她知道動(dòng)物行為很難確定。"我的貓?jiān)诘卣鹎皶?huì)表現(xiàn)得很瘋狂，"她說。"但如果有人用開罐器，也會(huì)顯得很瘋狂。"）可推斷，溫迪?博漢對(duì)ICARUS項(xiàng)目表示懷疑。故選B。

本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員對(duì)地震前動(dòng)物異常行為的研究，希望提供準(zhǔn)確的震前預(yù)警。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

12~15.【答案】D、C、B、D【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段中The?work?showed?people?harvesting?wheat?nearly?as?tall?as?they?were.（研究顯示，收割小麥的人幾乎和它們的身高一樣高。）此處的they指的是小麥，可知《收割者》這幅畫讓了解到它為16世紀(jì)小麥的樣子。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。由文章第三段中Biologist?De?Smet?assumed?the?painter?had?done?a?poor?job.But?art?historian?Vergauwen?had?a?different?idea.??"No，this?is?one?of?the?best?painters?ever?from?that?era.So?if?he?painted?it?like?that，that's?the?way?it?must?have?looked?like，"?he?explained."（生物學(xué)家De?Smet認(rèn)為畫家畫得不好。但藝術(shù)史學(xué)家Vergauwen卻有不同的看法。"不，這是那個(gè)時(shí)代最好的畫家之一。所以如果他把它畫成那樣，那它肯定就是這樣的。"他解釋道。）可知他們對(duì)一幅古畫有不同的看法激發(fā)了研究團(tuán)隊(duì)開始他們的研究。故選C。

（3）段落大意題。由文章最后一段Ultimately，the?team?hopes?to?create?an?online?research?database?of?historical?plant?artwork.They?seek?the?contributions?of?art?enthusiasts?around?the?world?via?the?social?media.?"However，"?Vergauwen?reminds，?"if?you're?going?to?use，for?example，Picasso?to?try?and?understand?how?a?pear?looked?in?the?early?20th?century，you?might?be?misled."（最終，該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望創(chuàng)建一個(gè)歷史植物藝術(shù)品的在線研究數(shù)據(jù)庫。他們通過社交媒體尋求世界各地藝術(shù)愛好者的貢獻(xiàn)。"然而，"韋高文提醒說，"如果你試圖用畢加索的作品來理解20世紀(jì)初梨子的樣子，你可能會(huì)被誤導(dǎo)。"）可知在最后一段中Vergauwen傳達(dá)了抽象畫常常誤導(dǎo)人的信息。故選B。

（4）目的意圖題。由文章文章大意以及第二段中De?Smet?says?wheat?is?just?one?example?of?how?historical?artwork?can?allow?us?to?track?the?transformation?of?food?crops?over?time."（De?Smet說，小麥只是歷史藝術(shù)品如何讓我們追蹤糧食作物隨時(shí)間變化的一個(gè)例子。）和最后一段中Ultimately，the?team?hopes?to?create?an?online?research?database?of?historical?plant?artwork.They?seek?the?contributions?of?art?enthusiasts?around?the?world?via?the?social?media.（最終，該團(tuán)隊(duì)希望創(chuàng)建一個(gè)歷史植物藝術(shù)品的在線研究數(shù)據(jù)庫。他們通過社交媒體尋求世界各地藝術(shù)愛好者的貢獻(xiàn)。）可知這篇文章的目的是介紹糧食作物變化研究。故選D。

這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了古藝術(shù)品能夠傳遞一定的農(nóng)業(yè)信息，為農(nóng)作物變化的研究提供線索。

閱讀理解解題步驟：首先對(duì)原文材料迅速瀏覽，掌握全文的主旨大意，因?yàn)殚喿x理解題一般沒有標(biāo)題，所以，速讀全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速讀的過程中，應(yīng)盡可能多地捕獲信息材料；其次細(xì)讀題材，各個(gè)擊破，掌握全文的大意之后，細(xì)細(xì)閱讀每篇材料后的問題，弄清每題要求后，帶著問題，再回到原文中去尋找、捕獲有關(guān)信息，要善于抓住每段的主題句，閱讀時(shí)，要有較強(qiáng)的針對(duì)性，對(duì)于捕獲到的信息，要做認(rèn)真分析，仔細(xì)推敲，理解透徹，只有這樣，針對(duì)題目要求，才能做到穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)。

16~20.【答案】A、B、D、G、C【解析】（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)后句Often?due?to?various?pressures，we?tend?to?ignore?our?health（由于各種壓力，我們往往忽視自己的健康），可知表示"這會(huì)使我們的身體受到傷害，我們會(huì)感染其他疾病"的選項(xiàng)A符合前后的語境，This代指ignore?our?health，故選A。

（2）主題判斷題。根據(jù)后句We?need?to?be?fit?to?have?a?healthy?body.Similarly，if?we?are?healthy?we?shall?naturally?be?attracted?towards?maintaining?the?fitness?of?our?body（我們需要身體健康，才能擁有健康的身體。同樣，如果我們健康，我們自然會(huì)被吸引保持身體健康），可知表示"健康和健身是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的"的選項(xiàng)B符合本段的主題，be?fit?to?have?a?healthy?body是關(guān)鍵詞，故選B。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句We?may?not?have?any?disease?but?still?have?a?weak?body，which?is?ready?to?be?targeted?by?viruses（我們可能沒有任何疾病，但身體仍然虛弱，隨時(shí)可能成為病毒的目標(biāo)），可知表示"例如，我們可能容易感冒"的選項(xiàng)D符合前后的語境，be?targeted?by?viruses是關(guān)鍵詞，故選D。

（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句It?is?important?for?everyone?to?devote?some?time?to?health?and?fitness（對(duì)每個(gè)人來說，花一些時(shí)間在健康和健身上是很重要的）；以及后句For?instance，we?must?exercise?daily?regardless?of?our?age?and?working?style（例如，無論我們的年齡和工作方式如何，我們都必須每天鍛煉），可知表示"在我們的生活中，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該做一些活動(dòng)"的選項(xiàng)G可以起到承上啟下的作用，故選G。

（5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)前句We?should?have?at?least?six?to?eight?hours?of?sleep?every?day.It?helps?in?improving?our?immune?system?and?protects?us?against?diseases（我們每天至少應(yīng)該有六到八個(gè)小時(shí)的睡眠。這有助于提高我們的免疫力系統(tǒng)，保護(hù)我們免受疾病侵害）；以及后句This，in?turn，gives?us?new?goals?of?health?and?fitness（這反過來又給了我們健康和健身的新目標(biāo)），可知表示"它也有助于保持我們的平靜和放松我們的思想"的選項(xiàng)C可以起到承上啟下的作用，故選C。

本文是一篇說明文。作者介紹了健康和健身之間的關(guān)系以及健身的方法。

這是完成性閱讀，和完形填空很類似，不同的是一個(gè)選詞，一個(gè)選句子。解題時(shí)，要注意上下文語境，充分考慮信息詞（選項(xiàng)中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的詞），選出最符合語境的句子。

21~40.【答案】C、D、A、C、D、C、A、B、D、B、A、B、B、C、A、C、C、D、A、D【解析】（1）C??考查名詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，作者坦誠愛上園藝，最初的目的和意圖（intention）并非是因?yàn)闊釔鄞笞匀?，而只是為了和父母?duì)著干．故選C．

（2）D??考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)第三段第一句"Atthatage，Ialwaysdidsomethingoppositetowhatevermyparentsdid!"可知，這孩子小時(shí)候確很叛逆．她建花圃的最初目的當(dāng)然也是annoy父母，使父母生氣．故選C．

（3）A??考查名詞辨析．這道題可以使用排除法來鎖定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案．作者的母親一直以來都是不喜歡園藝的．對(duì)于這棵楓樹，她自然不會(huì)喜歡．B項(xiàng)表"欣賞"；D項(xiàng)表"激動(dòng)"，明顯不符．C項(xiàng)的"驚奇"也和作者想表達(dá)的意圖沒有關(guān)系．故選A．

（4）C??考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析．根據(jù)"seeingtheneighborbusywithgardening（看見鄰居們忙于做園藝活兒）"可知，正是因?yàn)楦赣H不屑于園藝，所以看見別人忙園藝的時(shí)候，才冷嘲熱諷的說應(yīng)該花時(shí)間去打掃一下其他的東西．故選C．

（5）D??考查形容詞辨析．結(jié)合37題，對(duì)照思考，考慮到作者年輕時(shí)的叛逆?zhèn)€性，應(yīng)該可以直接選出opposite，作者喜好和父母對(duì)著干．故選D．

（6）C??考查形容詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，園藝也只是一項(xiàng)家務(wù)活兒而已，而作者的父母也只是對(duì)其不屑和厭煩而已，故干脆選擇不為之．說道"痛苦的"，詞義太過．相比而言，C項(xiàng)"心煩的"更適合．故選C．

（7）A??考查動(dòng)詞短語．comeup"發(fā)芽；走上前來；出現(xiàn)"；breakout"爆發(fā)"；holdon"繼續(xù)；不掛斷"；getthrough"度過，完成"．根據(jù)語境可知，這里表示百合花沒發(fā)芽．故選A．．

（8）B??考查介詞短語辨析．根據(jù)固定搭配"wildwithjoy"，"欣喜若狂；洋洋得意"之意．故選B．

（9）D??考查副詞辨析．根據(jù)"onebyone，theflowersbloomedtheirheadsoff．"作者從開始種植百合花的失敗，到第一朵玫瑰花開花，再到花朵次第出現(xiàn)，最后自己都被神奇的小花圃所打動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是個(gè)心態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)變的過程．而整篇文章，作者也想書寫自己由最開始的叛逆行為，到真正變?yōu)閷?duì)大自然和園藝藝術(shù)的熱愛的一個(gè)過程．故選D．

（10）B?考查副詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，however，表達(dá)不管作者的努力，父母還是無動(dòng)于衷．表轉(zhuǎn)折．故選B．

（11）A?考查動(dòng)詞辨析．"…becausehefounditwastroublesometomovearoundmygardentothedriveway．"可知，當(dāng)父親去往車道的路都被我的花圃遮擋，每次去取車都要大費(fèi)周章的時(shí)候，誰都會(huì)暴跳如雷、大聲咆哮的．Jumpat表示"把握、接受（機(jī)會(huì)）；欣然接受；匆匆做出（結(jié)論等）"的意思．故選A．

（12）B??考查形容詞辨析．根據(jù)句意可知，父親認(rèn)為把我的花園移動(dòng)馬路邊很麻煩，跨過花圃去車道很麻煩．故選B．

（13）B??考查形容詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，作者媽媽對(duì)她種花成功的不屑和不滿．從"Iputinhervasemyrealroseswhich，inhereyes，weresimplyweedsratherthanflowers"明顯可以看出媽媽的這種情緒．故選B．

（14）C??考查短語辨析．根據(jù)句意可知，媽媽覺得插在花瓶里真實(shí)的玫瑰，與其說是花，不如就是說是雜草．ratherthan是最合適的．otherthan"不同于；除了…以外"；morethan和lessthan都是數(shù)量上的比較．故選C．

（15）A??考查名詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，不管父母多不喜歡，作者還是堅(jiān)持我的種花行為．故選A．

（16）C??考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，作者不顧反對(duì)，堅(jiān)持種花，繼續(xù)享受種花樂趣．故選C．

（17）C??考查動(dòng)詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，在培育花木的過程中，作者因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)對(duì)大自然、對(duì)花木有了深厚的感情．所以她用親切的筆觸、用擬人的手法寫道："theybreathe，theybloom，theyrespondtocareandlove．"，所以respondto"回應(yīng)（作者的關(guān)愛）"是最適當(dāng)?shù)模蔬xC．

（18）D??考查動(dòng)詞辨析．此題應(yīng)該看成是對(duì)37題、40題的重現(xiàn)，都是對(duì)作者當(dāng)年開始養(yǎng)花的最初目的詮釋．challenge"挑戰(zhàn)父母的耐心，對(duì)著干"．故選C．

（19）A??考查形容詞辨析．根據(jù)語境可知，作者在變化，作者的父母也在改變．作者在園藝上做出了一番成就，當(dāng)然會(huì)讓她的父母為之驕傲．故選A．

（20）D??考查名詞辨析．主題重現(xiàn)，也和第一段首尾呼應(yīng)．第一段"Myearlyintentionofgardeningmaynothaveoriginatedfrommylovefornature．"，而最后一句，作者不無感嘆地說："AndnowIcouldsayitismyaffectionfornaturethatmakesmearealgardener．"，真正讓作者堅(jiān)持下來，變成一個(gè)真正的園林工作者的原因，是因?yàn)閷?duì)大自然的熱愛．故選D．

本文是一篇記敘文，記敘了作者很喜歡在花園里種一些花草，而他的父母卻不喜歡他這樣做，答這并沒有阻止他喜歡園藝這個(gè)工作，長大后成了有名的園藝家，這使得他的父母很驕傲．

解答此類題目可遵循以下步驟：第一步，通讀全文，了解文章大意，獲得整體印象，同時(shí)初選出一批較有把握的答案．第二步，邊核對(duì)初選答案邊補(bǔ)填留下的空格．如果短文難度較大，則可復(fù)讀幾遍，核對(duì)和確定答案．有些空一時(shí)決定不了，可作個(gè)記號(hào)，待復(fù)查時(shí)再確定．第三步，復(fù)查定稿．從整體理解角度出發(fā)，仔細(xì)審核答案，確保意義上、語法上沒有錯(cuò)誤，同時(shí)對(duì)遺留下來的少數(shù)幾個(gè)空格作最后選擇．

41.【答案】【小題1】known【小題2】between【小題3】curiosity【小題4】where【小題5】centuries【小題6】a【小題7】its【小題8】wasabsorbed【小題9】Rarely【小題10】visiting【解析】（1）考查過去分詞。句意：揚(yáng)子江，在中國又被稱為長江，是亞洲最長的河流，也是世界上最長的，完全在一個(gè)國家內(nèi)流動(dòng)的河流。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語形式，作前面名詞詞組TheYangtzeRiver的后置定語，且與被修飾名詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去分詞形式。故填known。

（2）考查介詞。句意：長江發(fā)源于青藏高原，最后流入東海，是中國南北方自然的分界線。根據(jù)句意可知，divisionbetween為固定搭配，意為"……（兩者之間）的分界線"。故填between。

（3）考查名詞。句意：受到好奇心的驅(qū)使，我去年來到了中國，參加了一次長江巡航旅游。結(jié)合語境可知，設(shè)空處在定冠詞之后，應(yīng)用名詞，充當(dāng)介詞by的賓語，故填curiosity