2022年自考專業(yè)(英語(yǔ))英語(yǔ)科技文選考試真題及答案12

年自考專業(yè)(英語(yǔ))英語(yǔ)科技文選考試真題及答案

一、閱讀理解題Directions:Readthroughthefollowingpassages.Choosethebestanswerandputtheletterinthebracket.(20%)

1、(A)MalicioussoftwarethathasinfectedmillionsofcomputersacrosstheglobefailedtowreakhavoconWednesdayassomefeared,butresearcherswarnedthepowerfulConfickerwormcouldstillstrike.AlsoknownasDownaduporKido,ConfickerturnsinfectedPCsintoslavesthatrespondtocommandssentfromaremoteserverthateffectivelycontrolsanarmyofcomputers.Thefearsofanattack,however,mayhavebeenawindfallforanti-virussoftwaremakers,whowarnedconsumersabouttheworm,industryanalystssay.SymantecCorp,McAfeeIncandTrendMicroIncspendmillionsofdollarsayearonpromotionalcampaignsthatwarnaboutthreatstopersonalcomputers.“Ascarelikethiscouldmakeconsumersthinktwicebeforedecidingtolettheirsubscriptionslapse,”saidFBRCapitalMarketsanalystDanielIves.Theindustryhadbeenunderpressurebecausetherecessioncausedsomecustomerstoholdoffbuyingnewsoftwareandotherstodelayrenewingsubscriptions.Thesecurityindustryformedataskforcetofighttheworm,bringingwidespreadattentionthatexpertssaidprobablyscaredoffthecriminalswhocommandthearmyofslavecomputers,knownasabotnet.Researcherswarnedthebotnet’scommandersareprobablywaitinguntiltheyareunderlessscrutinybeforetheymobilizethenetworkofinfectedcomputers.“IneverthoughtitwouldhappenApril1,”saidRogerThompson,chiefresearchofficeratAVG,ananti-virusfirm.“Itmightbetomorrow.Itmightbenextweek.Itmightbenextmonth.”VirusesthatturnPCsintoslavesexploitweaknessesinMicrosoft’sWindowsoperatingsystem.TheConfickerwormisespeciallytrickybecauseitcanevadecorporatefirewallsbypassingfromaninfectedmachineontoaUSBmemorystick,thenontoanotherPC.TheConfickerbotnetisoneofmanysuchnetworkscontrolledbysyndicatesthatauthoritiesbelievearebasedineasternEurope,southeastAsia,ChinaandLatinAmerica.WhiletheConfickerbotnetisstillinactive,analystssaymillionsofmachinesinothernetworksareregularlyorderedtoperformtasksfortheirmasters.Thebotnet’sownersoftenselltheslavesorrentthemout,offeringservicessuchascredit-cardandbankinginformationtheft.Theycanbecustomizedtoperformothertasks,suchasknockingdownwebsitesandbringingdowncorporatenetworks.“Theworstthingisthatnoonereallyknowswhatthesethingscando.Thesethingscanbeprogramedtodoanything,”saidMelMorris,CEOofanti-viruscompanyPre.AnalystssayConfickergarneredunprecedentedattentioninrecentdaysbecauseitisunusuallylarge—mosthavenomorethanafewmillionslaves—andbecauseitwascodedtomutateonAprilFool’sDay.Whileestimatesvarygreatly,researcherssaytensofmillionsofmachinesarecompromisedwithouttheknowledgeoftheirowners.AlfredHunger,aseniorresearcherwithSymantec,thinksConfickerhasthestaminatosurviveseveralyears.Hebelievesthemotivesofthearmy’scommandersarethesameasthoseoftheotherbotnetsincyberspace.Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?

A．Thethreatofthemysteriousvirus.

B．Anti-virussoftware.

C．ThedestructivepowerofConficker.

D．Howtorelievethethreatofthemysteriousvirus.

2、Anti-virussoftwaremakers______outofthefearsofConficker.

A．coulddonothing

B．couldmakeafortune

C．couldceasetoresearchonthevirus

D．couldfurthertheirresearchesonthevirus

3、IfNOTforthescare,whatwouldtheconsumersofanti-virussoftwareprobablydo?

A．Trytosurvivetherecession.

B．Delaybuyingnewsoftwareorrenewingsubscriptions.

C．Renewsubscriptions.

D．Buynewsoftware.

4、ThebotnetcanperformthefollowingtasksEXCEPT______.

A．websitedestruction

B．corporatenetworkbreakdown

C．credit-cardtheft

D．bankinginformationtheft

5、WhyhassomuchattentionbeenpaidtoConfickerinrecentdays?

A．Becauseitcansurviveseveralyears.

B．Becauseitisunusuallylarge.

C．BecauseitwillremainthesameonAprilFool’sDay.

D．Becauseitwillcompromisewithtensofmillionsofmachines.

6、(B)Thesmallstudyofabout140overweightorobesewomenshowedthatthoseondiets“appropriate”fortheirgeneticmakeuplostmoreweightthanthoseonlessappropriatediets,researcherstoldanAmericanHeartAssociationmeeting.“Thepotentialofusinggeneticinformationtoachievethismagnitudeofweightlosswithoutpharmaceuticalinterventionwouldbeimportantinhelpingtosolvethepervasiveproblemofexcessiveweightinoursociety,”ChristopherGardneratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,whoworkedonthestudy,saidinastatement.Massachusetts-basedInterleukin’s$149testlooksformutationsinthreegenes,knownasFABP2,PPARGandADRB2.Thecompanysays39percentofwhiteAmericanshavethelow-fatgenotype,45percenthavethetypethatrespondsbesttoadietlowinprocessedcarbohydratesandanunlucky16percenthavegenemutationsthatmeantheyhavetowatchbothfatandprocessedcarbohydrates.Theresearchersrandomlyassignedaround140womentooneoffourdiets—thelow-carbAtkinsdiet,theultralow-fatOrnishdiet,theverylow-fatLEARNdietorthemorebalancedZonediet.Interleukinwentbackandtestedabout100ofthewomenfortheirDNAbyusingacheekswabandthenlookedtoseeifthewomenonthe“right”dietslostmoreweight.Overayear,peopleondietsappropriatetotheirgeneticmakeup,asdeterminedbythetest,lost5.3percentofbodyweight.Peopleonmismatcheddietslost2.3percent,theStanfordresearcherstoldthemeeting.Cholesterollevelsimprovedinlinewithweightloss,theysaid.Thecompanysaidthetestlooksforgenesthataffectmetabolism.“Oneofthegenevariationsaffectsabsorptionoffatsfromtheintestine,”KenKoorman,chiefscientificofficeratInterleukin,saidinatelephoneinterview.Hesaidpeoplewiththatparticularmutationabsorbmorefatfromtheirfoodandthusshouldavoidfatiftheywanttoloseweight.Anotherofthevariationsaffectsinsulinresponse—thebody’sproductionofinsulintometabolizesugar,hesaid.Simplecarbohydratessuchassugarandprocessedflourstimulatepeoplewiththatparticulargenetypetostoremoreoftheenergyasfat.Tenpercentto16percentofpeoplehavebothmutations,andmustwatchbothcarbsandfat,Kornmansaid.“Whatwedon’tknowisiftheyareontherightdietfortheirgenotypewhetheritaffectssatietyorfeelingfull,”hesaid.Hesaidthecompanyplannedbroaderstudiestoaskthesequestions.InterleukinmarketsthetestunderthebrandnameInherentHealth.Italsocantestwhomightbestloseweightinresponsetoexercise.Weightlosshasmuchtodowith______.

A．dietsappropriateforone’sgeneticconstruction

B．geneticinformation

C．medicalintervention

D．exercises

7、Accordingtothepassage,Interleukinismostprobably______.

A．a(chǎn)pharmaceuticalcompany

B．a(chǎn)diagnosticsfirm

C．a(chǎn)researchinstitute

D．a(chǎn)biochemicalterm

8、WhatcanbebestsaidaboutwhiteAmericansinrelationtothegenotype?

A．Mostofthemhavethelow-fatgenotype.

B．N