高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)-定語從句課件

Grammar定語從句Howtounderstandthefollowingdefinitions(定義)?

定語從句

先行詞

關(guān)系詞Themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句。1.連接作用,引導(dǎo)定語從句2.在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分后面Theman

wholivesnexttoussellsvegetables.定語從句位置：放置于名詞或代詞的_____。3.指代先行詞1.定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾____或____的從句叫定語從句。一般放在被修飾的詞之____。

2.先行詞：被修飾的____或____叫先行詞。3.關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)從句的詞。____主句和從句，在從句中_____某種句子成分，指代先行詞。名詞名詞代詞代詞后

連接充當(dāng)PleasepointouttheAttributiveClauseinthefollowingsentences.哪些詞是定語從句的關(guān)系詞？1.Heistheboywhom/thatIwanttosee.2.Thegirlwho/thatisstandingthereisMary.3.Thereisnothingthatworrieshim.4.ThisistheschoolwhereIwork.5.IhaveafriendwhosenameisLiza.6.ThisistheEnglishbookwhichIlostyesterday.7.That’sthereasonwhyshewaslate.8.Iwon’tforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.thatwhowhosewhere引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞why關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞whenwhomaswhich

1.that在從句中作_____、_____或_____，指______。1)Aplaneisamachinethat

canfly.2)ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.

3)Heisnolongerthestarthathewas.

(主語)(賓語)(表語)Discoveringrules…主語賓語人或物表語2.which在從句中作_____或_____，指___。

Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.

2)Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.Discoveringrules…主語賓語物(主語)(賓語)3.在定語從句中，who作____，whom作____,

兩者都指______。

TheforeignerwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.2)ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.

主語賓語人Discoveringrules…(主語)(賓語)4.whose在從句中作_____，指______。

MissFloweristheteacherwhosehousecaughtfirelastweek.2）Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.

Discoveringrules…定語人或物(theteacher’shouse)(theclassroom’sdoor)whose指物時，常用“the+名詞+ofwhich”結(jié)構(gòu)來代替,例如：Theclassroom

whosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Theclassroomthedoorofwhich

isbrokenwillsoonberepaired.由when,where,why引導(dǎo)的定語從句。1.when(=介詞+which)指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.2.where(=介詞+which)指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.why=forwhich指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.

關(guān)系詞

先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?/p>

關(guān)系代詞

whowhom

which

thatwhose人

人

物人或物人或物主賓主,賓,主,賓,表定Summary

關(guān)系詞

先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?/p>

關(guān)系副詞

why

where

whenreason

表地點(diǎn)名詞表時間名詞原因狀語地點(diǎn)狀語時間狀語Summary如何選擇關(guān)系詞?

看先行詞是人還是物看從句中缺少什么成分如果缺少主、賓、表、定語,就用關(guān)系代詞,如果缺少狀語,就用關(guān)系副詞。1.Theman_________cametoourschoolisMr.Wang.2.Thegirl_____________ImetisLucy.

3.Thechild_______parentsaredeadiscalledTom.

4.Ilikethebook____________youboughtyesterday.

5.Ihavearoom________windowfacessouth.6.Ourschoolisnolongertheschool_____itusedtobe.

who/that(whom/that)whose(which/that)whosethatPractice7）Ineverforgotthedays___________wespenttogether.

8）I’llneverforgottheday________IjoinedthePLA.which/that

when★先行詞是表示時間的名詞，定語從句缺主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用which/that?！锵刃性~是表示時間的名詞，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，而是缺時間狀語，關(guān)系詞用when。9）

Thisisthehouse__________Ilivedintenyearsago.10）

Theshop_______Ｉboughtthebookisn’tfaraway.which/that

★

先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句缺主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞用which/that。

where★先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，而是缺地點(diǎn)狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞where11）Thereason______________hegavewasnotenough.

which/that★先行詞是reason，定語從句缺主語或賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞which/that

。12)Thereason________hediedyoungwashisinattentionto(不注意）health.why★先行詞是reason，定語從句不缺主語或賓語，而是缺原因狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞why.14.Shewillneverforgettheday______shelostthering.

13.Iwillneverforgettheday__________wespentinBeijing.when/onwhich(which/that)16.Hisfatherworksinafactory_________makesradioparts.15.Hisfatherworksinafactory_______radiopartsaremade.which/thatwhere/inwhich17.Thisisthehouse__________theyvisitedlasttime.18.Thisisthehouse________welivedbefore.19.Thisisthehouse________welivedinbefore.which/that

where/inwhichwhich21.Thisisthereason____________heexplainedatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork.

20.Pleasetellmethereason____________youaresleepyinclassagain.which/thatwhy/forwhich

在下面幾種情況下必須用“that”引導(dǎo)定語從句：1)先行詞是不定代詞:all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。

All

thatwehavetodoistopracticeeveryDay.我們要做的就是每天練習(xí)。注意！2)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾。

ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.我所學(xué)的第一課永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了。Beartheminyourmind!3)先行詞被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修飾。

Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.

你給我的書我全讀完了。4)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時。 HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttotalkto.他是唯一的我想跟說話的人。5)先行詞既有人又有物時。

Theytalkedofthingsandpersons

thattheyrememberedintheschool.

他們談?wù)撝麄兡苡浧鸬哪切┰趯W(xué)校的人和事。6）當(dāng)先行詞是who或以who,which開頭的特殊疑問，為了避免重復(fù)時。如：

a)Who

thatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished．誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．

b)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?c)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?7)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作表語時。

Sheisnottheyoungandlovelynursethatshewastwoyearsago.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplacethat

itusedtobe.宜用who引導(dǎo)的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是指人的those,

anyone,he,one,ones時。

Those______breakthelawwillbepunished.2.Anyone______wantstojointhearmysignsyournamehere,please.3.He______doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.whowhowho2.therebe開頭的句子，先行詞是人。

Thereisastudentwhowantstoseeyou.

只用which不用that的情況

1)在非限定性定語從句中，先行詞是物時。

Thetree,whichisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.

2)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞，先行詞是物時。

Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.

3)先行詞為that,those指物時或先行詞被that,those修飾時。如：

ThosewhichareonthedeskareEnglishbooks.4)一個句子中有兩個定語從句，（先行詞是物）其中一個用了關(guān)系代詞that,另外一個則用which.

如：

AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcouldpassontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

Idon’tliketheway_____________youtalktome.當(dāng)先行詞是way，表示“以……方式”，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，可以用that或inwhich來引導(dǎo)或省略關(guān)系詞。但way后接一個定語從句，way在從句中作主語時，關(guān)系代詞用that/which.特殊情況：(that/inwhich)Wefirstbrokethelawinaway_________waspeaceful.which/thatSomepoemstellastoryordescribesomethinginawaythatwillgivethereaderastrongimpression.有些詩講述一個故事,或者描述某件事情,這樣給讀者留下強(qiáng)烈的印象。Weshouldhelpthepoorstudentinawaythatwon’thurthisself-respect.我們應(yīng)該以一種不傷害到這個貧困生的自尊的方式來幫助他。Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.ThepersontowhomIspokejustnowismybrother.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞which,whom作介詞賓語時，介詞可以放在關(guān)系代詞which,whom的前面。1.Thepersonwhom

Ispoketojustnowismybrother.2.Thisistheroomwhichwelivedinlastyear.注意：固定搭配的動詞短語中的介詞一般不能提前。常見的這類動詞短語有:lookfor尋找lookafter/takecareof照顧carefor照顧;喜歡lookforwardto盼望hearof/about聽說hearfrom收到某人的來信dependon依賴;取決于

e.g.Thisistherightplace(which/that)I’mlooking

for.e.g.Thegirlwhomheislookingafterishissister.

關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換。1)Thereason

why/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhere/inwhichIwasborn.

思考：介詞+which/whom中的介詞是從哪來的，根據(jù)什么判斷要用這個介詞的？介詞來源于變成定語從句前的簡單句，根據(jù)定語從句的謂語動詞與介詞搭配、先行詞與介詞搭配以及根據(jù)從句的句意來選用合適的介詞。如何選擇介詞？1)根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定Doyoulikethebook______whichshespent$10?Doyoulikethebook______whichshepaid$10?Doyoulikethebook______whichshelearnedalot?Doyoulikethebook______whichsheoftentalks?2)根據(jù)先行詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定I’llneverforgettheday_________whichhemadethespeech.Themoment_________whichImadethedecisionisexciting.3)根據(jù)定語從句所表達(dá)的意義來確定Air,_______whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.onforfromaboutonatwithout1.Thisistheroom_______________welivedlastyear.2.Who’sthecomrade__________youjustshookhands?3.Theperson___________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.4.Thepencil___________hewaswritingbroke.5.WuDong,_____________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.

inwhich

withwhom

to/withwhom

withwhich

withwhom6.Thetwothings_______________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.7.Herbag,_____________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.

ofwhich

intowhichas也可作關(guān)系代詞，既可以單獨(dú)引出定語從句，又可以和主句中的thesame或such,as,so相呼應(yīng)構(gòu)成thesameas…/such…as/as…as/so…as。1)Wedothesameworkastheydo.2)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.3)Ihopetogetsuchadictionaryasheisusing.4)Wewillgiveyousuchinformationaswillhelpyouinyourwork.as也可引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句,修飾整個句子，可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，常作“正如”解，在從句中常常作主語、賓語。如：1）Wejumpedforjoyatthenews,aswasnatural.

2）Chinaisadevelopingcountry,asisknowntoall.3)Energycanneverbecreatednordestroyed,ashasbeensaidbefore.這是常有的事as作主語as作主語as作主語4)Asisoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.5）Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoourhealth.

6）Asisknown,smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.as作主語as作賓語as作主語

當(dāng)先行詞是整個主句或主句的一部分時,這類非限制性定語從句只能由which或as來引導(dǎo)。兩者的區(qū)別在于：1.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只能位于主句后,而as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可位于主句前、中、后。Asisknowntousall,theearthmovesroundthesun.眾所周知,地球是圍繞太陽運(yùn)動的.LiMingwaslate,whichmadeMr.Zhangveryangry.李明遲到了,這使張先生非常生氣。2.在定語從句中作主語時,若用as,其謂語部分一般有be;若謂語是不含be的行為動詞時,要用which。LiMingislate,asisoftenthecase.李明遲到了,這是經(jīng)常發(fā)生的。(可用which)LiMingwaslate,which(=andthis)madeMr.Zhangveryangry.李明遲到了,這使張先生非常生氣。(不可用as)Hemarriedher,whichwasunexpected.

他和她結(jié)婚了,這是出乎意料的。(不可用as)3.表示意料之外、沒有想到的、出乎意料的，只用whichwhich常譯作“這”;而as常譯作“正如”,且多與see,expect,imagine,know,hope等動詞連用。as常用于固定搭配中:asisoftenthecase(這是常有的事),asweexpected(不出所料);asoftenhappens(正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣)；asisknowntoall(眾所周知);ashasbeensaidbefore(如上所述);asismentionedabove(正如上面所提到的)等等。靈活運(yùn)用

一、專項(xiàng)填空用which或as填空。1.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotraveling,_____turnedouttobeawisedecision.1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,先行詞是前面整個主句。which2.Ilookedintotheireyes,Ifoundtheydidn’tcare,______toldmeitwouldbeuseless,butwhenIlookedintoyours,Isawkindness.解析：引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which指前面整個句子。3.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,______surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.解析：譯成“這”,相當(dāng)于andthis,用which。

whichwhich4.___isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.解析：固定搭配:asisoftenthecase這是常有的事。5.___ismentionedabove,paperisfirstmadeinChina.解析：表示“正如”,用as。AsAs6.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,_____,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.可譯作“這”which7.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.8.Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,______wehadn’texpect.意料之外的事,用whichAswhich表示“正如”9.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.沒有想到的,意料之外的,只能用which。10.___isknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.習(xí)慣搭配:asisknowntoall眾所周知。whichAs1.I’vereadallthebooks____yougaveme.

A.which

B.them

C.what

D.that2.Thereisn’tmuch___Icando.

A.what

B.which

C.that

D.how

CDI.Choosetherightanswer.課堂練習(xí)3.Hekeepsarecordofeverything____hehadseenthere.

A.he

B.that

C.which

D.what4.Tellusaboutthepeopleandtheplaces____aredifferentfromours.

A.that

B.who

C.which

D.whomAB5.MrJohnsaidthatSuzhouwasthefirstcity____hehadvisitedinChina.

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.whatA6.TheTVplayIwatchedlastnightisthebestone_____Ihavewatchedthisyear.

A.which

B.what

C.whose

D.thatD7.LastSundaytheyreachedQingdao____aconferencewastobeheld.A.which

B.that

C.when

D.whereD8.Isthisthemuseum____youvisitedtheotherday?A.that

B.where

C.inwhich

D.theone9.IbegantoworkinBeijingintheyear____NewChinawasfounded.

A.when

B.that

C.which

D.whereAA10.Thisistheveryfilm______I’velongwishedtosee.

A.which

B.that

C.who

D.whom11.Thereisnodifficulty_______can’tbeovercomeintheworld.

A.that

B.which

C.who

D.whatAB12.Whoistheperson____isstandingatthegateofBeijingTourismTower?

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whomB13.Thiswasthesupermarket___Iboughtthiskindoftin.

A.where

B.that

C.who

D.which14.Thehouse_____thecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.

A.that

B.where

C.what

D.whenAA15.Thisisthelasttime____Ishallcomeheretohelpyou.

A.that

B.which

C.when

D.what16.Thehouse_____weliveisnotbig.

A.inthat

B.which

C.inwhich

D.thatAC

17.Myneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,_____wasverykindofthem.

A.who

B.that

C.which

D.whomC18.All____glittersisnotgold.

A.that

B.which

C.不填D.what19.InowknowwhyMaoimpresseseveryonewhomeetshimtheway____hedoes.

A.which

B.what

C.不填D.nowCA20.Beijing,____isthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcity.

A.that

B.it

C.which

D.不填21.Shewasnolongerthewoman___

shewas.

A.that

B.which

C.what

D.whoAC22.That’sthehotel____lastyear.

A.whichwestayed

B.atthatwestayed

C.wherewestayedat

D.wherewestayedD23.Thedoctordidall___tosavethewoundedboy.A.whathecould

B.hecouldC.everythingwhichhecould D.forwhichhecoulddoB24.Anyone______thisopinionmayspeakout. A.thatagainst

B.thatagainst C.whoisagainst

D.whoareagainstC25.Theplace______youarestandingusedtobeanoldchurch.

A.which

B.where

C.that

D.when26.You’vemadethesamemistake____youmadelasttime.

A.as

B.like

C.which

D.thatAB27.Itisnotsuchaninterestingmagazine____Ithought.

A.as

B.that

C.which

D.不填28.____youknow,heisafamousmusician.

A.As

B.which

C.That

D.不填A(yù)A29.MrZhou,____nativelanguagewasChinese,couldreadandwriteseveralforeignlanguages.

A.whose

B.his

C.which

D.thatA30.Doyouknowtheactor____yousawplayingHamletisnowdoingKingLear?

A.who

B.whom

C.whose

D.whichB31.ItookmyfriendtotheSummerPalace,____wehadsomephotostaken.

A.where

B.which

C.that

D.不填A(yù)32.Doyouremembertheday______yoursisterwasgraduatedasaMasterofArts?

A.which

B.onwhich

C.aboutwhich