2023年考研外語沖刺密卷8

考研外語沖刺密卷8

一、UseofEnglish

1、Itisanastonishingfactthattherearelawsofnature,rulesthatsummarizeconveniently(1)_____qualitativelybutquantitatively-howtheworldworks.Wemight(2)_____auniverseinwhichtherearenosuchlaws,inwhichthe1080elementaryparticlesthat(3)_____auniverselikeourownbehavewithutteranduncompromisingabandon.Tounderstandsuchauniversewewouldneedabrain(4)_____asmassiveastheuniverse.Itseems(5)_____thatsuchauniversecouldhavelifeandintelligence,becausebeingandbrains(6)_____somedegreeofinternalstabilityandorder.But(7)_____inamuchmorerandomuniversethereweresuchbeingswithanintelligencemuch(8)_____thanourown,therecouldnotbemuchknowledge,passionorjoy.

(9)_____forus,weliveinauniversethathasatleastimportantpartsthatareknowable.Ourcommon-senseexperienceandourevolutionaryhistoryhave(10)_____ustounderstandsomethingoftheworkadayworld.Whenwegointootherrealms,however,commonsenseandordinaryintuition(11)_____highlyunreliableguides.Itisstunningthataswegoclosetothespeedoflightourmass(12)_____indefinitely,weshrinktowardzerothickness(13)_____thedirectionofmotion,andtimeforuscomesasneartostoppingaswewouldlike.Manypeoplethinkthatthisissilly,andeveryweek(14)_____Igetaletterfromsomeonewhocomplainstomeaboutit.ButitisvirtuallycertainconsequencenotjustofexperimentbutalsoofAlbertEinstein's(15)_____analysisofspaceandtimecalledtheSpecialTheoryofRelativity.Itdoesnotmatterthattheseeffectsseemunreasonabletous.Wearenot(16)_____thehabitoftravelingclosetothespeedoflight.Thetestimonyofourcommonsenseissuspectathighvelocities.

Theideathattheworldplacesrestrictionson(17)_____humansmightdoisfrustrating.Whyshouldn'twebeabletohaveintermediaterotationalpositions?Whycan'twe(18)_____fasterthanthespeedoflight?But(19)_____wecantell,thisisthewaytheuniverseisconstructed.Suchprohibitionsnotonly(20)_____ustowardalittlehumility;theyalsomaketheworldmoreknowable.

A.just

B.very

C.justnot

D.notjust

2、(2)

A.see

B.think

C.imagine

D.believe

3、(3)

A.make

B.makeof

C.makeup

D.makefrom

4、(4)

A.atleast

B.atmost

C.atlast

D.atthecost

5、(5)

A.likely

B.unlikely

C.really

D.unreal

6、(6)

A.want

B.need

C.require

D.acquire

7、(7)

A．unless

B．until

C．if

D．evenif

8、(8)

A.more

B.larger

C.bigger

D.greater

9、(9)

A.Fortunately

B.Unfortunately

C.Happily

D.Unhappily

10、(10)

A.provided

B.prepared

C.armed

D.gotready

11、(11)

A.turnto

B.turnon

C.turnouttobe

D.turnawayfrom

12、(12)

A.decrease

B.increases

C.reduce

D.add

13、(13)

A.in

B.at

C.with

D.from

14、(14)

A.ortwo

B.andtwo

C.eventwo

D.oftwo

15、(15)

A.clever

B.wise

C.brilliant

D.intelligent

16、(16)

A.of

B.in

C.with

D.at

17、(17)

A.that

B.which

C.matter

D.what

18、(18)

A.go

B.walk

C.travel

D.run

19、(19)

A.if

B.unless

C.sofar

D.sofaras

20、(20)

A.press

B.have

C.make

D.entail

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Theideaofhumanoidrobotsisnotnew,ofcourse.TheyhavebeenpartoftheimaginativelandscapeeversinceKarlCapek,aCzechwriter,firstdreamedthemupforhis1921play"Rossum'sUniversalRobots".(Theword"robot"comesfromtheCzechwordfordrudgery,robota.)Sincethen,Hollywoodhasproducedcountlessvariationsonthetheme,fromthesultryFalseMariainFritzLang'ssilentmasterpiece"Metropolis"tothewitteringC-3POin"StarWars"andtheruthlessassassinof"Terminator".Humanoidrobotshavewalkedintoourcollectivesubconscious,colouringourviewsofthefuture.

ButnowJapan'sindustrialgiantsarespendingbillionsofyentomakesuchrobotsareality.Theirnewhumanoidsrepresentimpressivefeatsofengineering:whenHondaintroducedAsimo,afour-footrobotthathadbeenindevelopmentforsome15years,itwalkedsofluidlythatitswhite,articulatedexteriorseemedtoconcealahuman.Hondacontinuestomakethemachinefaster,friendlierandmoreagile.LastOctober,whenAsimowasinductedintotheRobotHallofFameinPittsburgh,itwalkedontothestageandaccepteditsownplaque.

Attwoandahalffeettall,Sony'sQRIOissmallerandmoretoy-likethanAsimo.Itwalks,understandsasmallnumberofvoicecommands,andcannavigateonitsown.Ifitfallsover,itgetsupandresumeswhereitleftoff.ItcanevenconnectwirelesslytotheInternetandbroadcastwhatitscameraeyescansee.In2022,SonydemonstratedanupgradedQRIOthatcouldrun.HondarespondedlastDecemberwithaversionofAsimothatrunsattwicethespeed.

In2022,Toyotajoinedthefraywithitsownfamilyofrobots,calledPartner,oneofwhichisafour-foothumanoidthatplaysthetrumpet.Itsfingersworktheinstrument'svalves,andithasmechanicallungsandartificiallips.Toyotahopestoofferacommercialversionoftherobotby2022.Thismonth,50PartnerrobotswillactasguidesatExpo2022inAichi,Japan.

Despitetheirsuddenproliferation,however,humanoidsarestillamechanicalminority.Mostoftheworld'srobotsarefaceless,footlessandmute.Theyareboltedtothefloorsoffactories,stampingoutcarpartsorweldingpiecesofmetal,machinesmakingmoremachines.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,businessordersforindustrialrobotsjumped18%inthefirsthalfof2022.Theymaysoonbeoutnumberedbydomesticrobots,suchasself-navigatingvacuumcleaners,lawnmowersandwindowwashers,whicharesellingfast.Butneitherindustrialnordomesticrobotsarehumanoid.

InParagraphItheauthorintroduceshistopicbyrelating______.

A.theideaofhumanoidrobots

B.KarlCapek'screationofrobots

C.Hollywood'sproductionofrobotfilms

D.theoriginofandpopularfilmsaboutrobots

2、

Accordingtotheauthor'sdescription,Asimo______.

A.isintheshapeofahumanbeing

B.isinasortofanimalform

C.seemsmorelikeahumanbeingthanamachineinaction

D.seemsmorelikeamachinethanahumanbeinginaction

3、

Sony'sQRIOcouldcarryoutallthefollowingworkEXCEPT______.

A.walkingeverywherefreely

B.understandingsomewordsutteredbypeople

C.findingitsway

D.continuingwalkingafteritstumbles

4、

FromthepassagewemayinferthattheToyota'sPartner______.

A.ismuchbetterthan.anyotherrobots

B.isnomorethanamechanicdevice

C.maybeputintomassproduction

D.mayspeaklikeaman

5、

Judgingfromthecontext,thispassageisprobablywritten

A．in2022.

B．in2022.

C．between2022-2022.

D．between2022-2022.

6、Ifyouarewhatyoueat,thenyouarealsowhatyoubuytoeat.Andmostlywhatpeoplebuyisscrawledontoagrocerylist,thoseetherealscrapsofpaperthatrecordtheshorthandofwhereweshopandhowwefeedourselves.Mostgrocerylistsendupinthegarbage.ButifyouliveinSt.Louis,theymighthaveahalf-lifeyouneverimagined:asaculturaldocument,postedontheInternet.

Forthepastdecade,BillKeaggy,33,thefeaturesphotoeditoratTheSt.LouisPost-Dispatch,hasbeencollectinggrocerylistsandsince1999hasbeenpostingthemonlineatwww.Grocerylists,org.Thecollection,whichnownumbersmorethan500lists,isstrangelyaddictive.Thelistselicittwo-foldcuriosity—aboutthekindofmealthepersonwasplanningandthekindofpersonwhowouldmakesuchameal.Whatwastheshopperwithvodka,lighters,milkandicecreamonhislistplanningtodowiththem?Inwhatorderwouldtheybeconsumed?Wasitaheorashe?Whohadwritten"Tootiefood,kittenchow,birdfoodstick,toasterscrambles,coffeedrinks"?Someshoppersorganizetheirlistsbyaisle;othersstartwithdairy,gotocleaningsuppliesandthenbacktodairybeforeveeringofftoHomeDepot.Afewmeticulousonesnotethepriceofeveryitem.Oneshopperhadwritteninlargelettersonanenvelope,simply,"Milk".

Thethinlinesofinkandpenciljuttingandloopingacrosscrinkledandtornpiecesofpaperhaveapurelygraphicbeauty.Oneoflife'smostbanalduties,viewedthroughthecuratoriallens,cansomehowseempregnantwithpossibility.Itcanevenappearpoetic,asinthelistthatreads"meat,cigs,buns,treats".

OnethingKeaggydiscoveredisthatDanQuayleisnotalone—fewpeoplecanspellbananasandbagels,letalonepotato.Onelistcallsfor"suchi"and"strimp"."Somepeoplepassjudgmentonthethingstheybuy,"Keaggysays.Attheendofonelist,theshopperwrote"BudLight"andthen"goodbeer".Anotherscribbled"goodloafofwhitebread".Somepassjudgmentonthemselves,liketheshopperwhowrote"read,stayhomeorgosomewhere,Iactlikemymom,gotoKentucky,underwear,lemon".Peoplesendmessagestooneanother,too.Buriedinonelististhisstatement:"Ifyoubuymorerice,I'llpunchyou."Andplentyofshoppers,liketheonewithbothicecreamanddietpillsonthelist,revealtheirvices.

Whatwouldpeopleusuallydowiththeirgrocerylistaftershopping?

A.Buyingwhatitisscrawledonthepaper.

B.Recordingtheshorthandofwhereweshop.

C.Throwingitintothedustbin.

D.PostingitontheInternet.

7、

BillKeaggycollectsgrocerylistsbecause

A.hewantstopostthemonline.

B.heiscuriousaboutthelistwriters.

C.hetriestofindoutsomethingbehindthem.

D.hedoesitforamusement.

8、

Wasitaheorashe?(Para.2)maybereplacedby______.

A.Whodidit?

B.Whowasthepersonthatwroteit?

C.Didheorshewriteit?

D.Wasitwrittenbyamanorawoman?

9、

BillKeaggy'sstudyingongrocerylistssuggeststhat______.

A.DanQuayleisnotaloneinmisspelling

B.fewerpeoplecanspellbananasandbagelscorrectly

C.misspellingoccursmostfrequentlyinwriting"potato"

D.somepeoplemisspell"sushi"for"suchi",and"shrimp"for"strimp"

10、

Thelastsentenceofthepassageimpliesthat______.

A.icecreamanddietpillsrevealone'svices

B.icecreamanddietpillsarenotgoodfood

C.plentyofshoppersdonotbuytheirrightgrocery

D.one'sdefectsincharactermaybereflectedonthegrocerylist

11、Well,hemadeitup.Allofit,apparently.AccordingtoareportpublishedonDecember29thbySeoulNationalUniversityinSouthKorea,itserstwhileemployeeHwangWoo-suk,whohadtenderedhisresignationsixdaysearlier,deliberatelyfalsifiedhisdatainthepaperonhumanembryonicstemcellsthatheand24colleaguespublishedinScienceinMay2022.

Inparticular,DrHwangclaimedhehadcreated11coloniesofhumanembryonicstemcellsgeneticallymatchedtospecificpatients.Hehadalreadyadmittedthatnineofthesewerebogus,buthadsaidthatthiswastheresultofanhonestmistake,andthattheothertwowerestilltherealMcCoy.Apanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversitytoinvestigatethematter,however,disagreed.TheyfoundthatDNAfingerprinttracesconductedonthestem-celllinesreportedinthepaperhadbeenmanipulatedtomakeitseemasifall11linesweretailoredtospecificpatients.Infact,noneofthemmatchedthevolunteerswithspinal-cordinjuriesanddiabeteswhohaddonatedskincellsforthework.Toobtainhispromising"results",DrHwanghadsentfortestingtwosamplesfromeachdonor,ratherthanasamplefromthedonorandasampleofthecellsintowhichthedonor'sDNAhadsupposedlybeentransplanted.

Thepanelalsofoundthatasecondclaiminthepaper-thatonly185eggswereusedtocreatethe11stem-celllines-wasfalse.Theinvestigatorssaidtheactualnumberofeggsusedwasfarlarger,inthethousands,althoughtheywereunabletodetermineanexactfigure.

Thereasonthisdoublefraudissuchablowisthathumanembryonicstem-cellresearchhasgreatexpectations.Stemcells,whichhavenotyetbeenprogrammedtospecialiseandcanthus,inprinciple,growintoanytissueororgan,couldbeusedtotreatillnessesrangingfromdiabetestoParkinson'sdisease.Theymightevenbeabletofixspinal-cordinjuries.Andstemcellsclonedfromapatientwouldnotberejectedasforeignbyhisimmunesystem,

DrHwang'sreputation,ofcourse,isintatters.Theuniversityisnowinvestigatingtwoothergroundbreakingexperimentsheclaimstohaveconducted-thecreationoftheworld'sfirstclonedhumanembryoandtheextractionofstemcellsfromit,andthecreationoftheworld'sfirstcloneddog.Heisalsointroubleforbreachingethicalguidelinesbyusingeggsdonatedbymembersofhisresearchteam.

Anditisevenpossiblethatthewholefarcemayhavebeenfornothing.Clonedembryosmightbetheidealsourceofstemcellsintendedtotreatdisease,butifitprovestoodifficulttocreatethem,arough-and-readyalternativemaysuffice.

FromthepassagewemaylearnthatHwangWoo-suk______.

A.madeupallhisexperience

B.isafamousgeneticistinSeoulNationalUniversity

C.wasanemployeeinSeoulNationalUniversity

D.publishedanauthenticpaperinSciencewithhis24colleagues

12、

Accordingtothepanelofexpertsappointedbytheuniversity,Hwang'scaseis______.

A.amistakeofcareless

B.theresultofanhonestmistake

C.adishonestexperiment

D.adeliberatedfabrication

13、

Thesignificanceofembryonicstem-cellresearchliesin______.

A.greatexpectations

B.plantingintoanytissueororgan

C.thetreatmentforalotofhumandiseases

D.curingdiabetesandParkinson'sdisease

14、

Thephrase"intatters"(Line1,Para.5)maybereplacedby______.

A.indanger

B.indespair

C.inaraggedstate

D.totallyruined

15、

Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe______.

A.HwangisFoundGuiltyofFabricatingHisResults

B.HowaStem-cellResearcherFabricatesHisResults

C.TheConsequenceofaMade-upExperiment

D.HwangWoo-suk'sResignation

16、AccordingtostudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociation,42percentofgirlsinfirstthroughthirdgradewanttobethinner,81percentof10-year-oldsareafraidofbeingfat,and51percentof9-and10-year-oldgirlsfeelbetteraboutthemselvesiftheyareonadiet.

Inmanyways,thisfixationonweightateverearlieragescomesataninopportunetimephysiologically.AtarecentHadassahmeetingattheWoodlandsCommunityTempleinWhitePlains,Dr.MaxcieSchneider,thedirectorofadolescentmedicineatGreenwichHospital,andEricaLeon,aregistereddietitian,spokeaboutearlyadolescenceasatimewhenalittlebitofpudginessisnecessaryforpropergrowth,andyoungsterswrestleconstantlywiththeirbodyimage.

"Ican'ttellyouhowmanykidsI'veseenwho'vebeenontheAtkinsdiet,orontheSouthBeachdiet,"Ms.Leonsaid,addingthatoverweightchildrenwhotrydietscanbeatriskofdevelopingeatingdisorders.

Afterthepresentation,threemothersfromHartsdalewhowantedtohelptheirchildrenavoidsuchissuesspokeabouthowtheiryoungdaughtersarealreadybeginningtobecomeweight-conscious.

Anorexiaisamentalillnessinwhichthevictimeatsbarelyenoughtosurvive,becauseherdistortedthinkingmakesherthinksheisfat.Bulimia,amentalillnessinwhichsomeonebingesonlargeamountsoffood,thenpurgesitthroughvomitingortheabuseoflaxatives,isontherise,andissurfacinginyoungerandyoungerpatients,mostlygirls,saidJudyScheel,thedirectoroftheCenterforEatingDisorderRecoveryinMountKisco.

About90percentofvictimsofeatingdisordersarefemale,andoftenthemalevictimsareonteamslikewrestlingandcrew,wheretheymustkeeptheirweightlowforcompetitivereasons.Dr.Scheelbelievesthatwheregirlsclaimtheeatingdisorderenablesthemtobethin,boystypicallystatetheirgoalistoachieveormaintainamuscularbutthinphysique.Theaverageonsetforbulimiausedtobe17,buttoseeteenagersage14and15withbulimiaiscommonthesedays,Dr.Scheelsaid.

Otherpeoplebelievethedisordershavegeneticorchemicalcomponents,andmanypeoplewitheatingdisordersrespondwelltoanti-depressants,forexample.

"Acertainamountofeducationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoidbecomingobsessedwiththeirbodyimage.Teachersneedtostayoutsideoftalkingaboutdiets,"Dr.Scheelsaid."It'slikeaparent,alwaystalkingabouttheirnextdiet.Youhavetohelpachildunderstandthatifyoucathealthilyandexercise,yourbodyisgoingtotakecareofitself."

Andinrelativelyhomogenouspopulations,likeinsomeWestchesterschools,competitionrunshigh."Sotheyoungpeopledon'treallyseehowbeautifuldiversityis,"shesaid,"andtheytendtoallbecompetingforkindofthesamegoals."

ThestudiescitedbytheNationalEatingDisordersAssociationisbasedon______.

A.primaryschoolgirls

B.secondaryschoolgirls

C.girlsincollegeanduniversities

D.Americanfemalesingeneral

17、

AccordingtoDr.MarcieSchneiderandEricaLeon

A.itistoobadforyoungsterstobeabitfat.

B.itisnecessaryforthechildrentobeabitfat.

C.youngstersshouldstrugglewiththeirbodyimage.

D.overweightchildrenshouldnotdiet.

18、

FromtheParagraph5wemayinferthatAnorexiaandBulimiaare______.

A.twosimilarmentalillnesses

B.twodifferentcommonmentalillnesses

C.bothbadeatinghabits

D.bothillnessesofeatingdisorderly

19、

WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbethereasonofeatingdisorders?

A.Tryingtokeeptheweightlow.

B.Thefiercesocialcompetition.

C.Maintainingamuscularbutthinphysique.

D.Geneticorchemicalcomponents.

20、

TheauthorcitessomeWestchesterschoolstoindicatethat______.

A.educationisnecessarytohelpyoungpeopleavoiddieting

B.teachersneedtostayoutsideclassroomtotalkaboutdiets

C.eatinghealthilyandexercisehelpbuildingupthebody

D.itisnotgoodforthestudentstofollowthesamegoal

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、B、C、D、E、F、G……)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.(10points)

Internet,computer-basedglobalinformationsystem.TheInternetiscomposedofmanyinterconnectedcomputernetworks.Eachnetworkmaylinktens,hundreds,oreventhousandsofcomputers,enablingthemtoshareinformationwithoneanotherandtosharecomputationalresourcessuchaspowerfulsupercomputersanddatabasesofinformation.TheInternethasmadeitpossibleforpeopleallovertheworldtocommunicatewithoneanothereffectivelyandinexpensively.

(41)______.

TheInternethasbroughtnewopportunitiestogovernment,business,andeducation.GovernmentsusetheInternetforinternalcommunication,distributionofinformation,andautomatedtaxprocessing.Inadditiontoofferinggoodsandservicesonlinetocustomers,businessesusetheInternettointeractwithotherbusinesses.

(42)______.

UseoftheInternethasgrowntremendouslysinceitsinception.TheInternet'ssuccessarisesfromitsflexibility.Insteadofrestrictingcomponentnetworkstoaparticularmanufacturerorparticulartype,Internettechnologyallowsinterconnectionofanykindofcomputernetwork.

(43)______.

Internetserviceproviders(ISPs)provideInternetaccesstocustomers,usuallyforamonthlyfee.AcustomerwhosubscribestoanISP'sserviceusestheISP'snetworktoaccesstheInternet.BecauseISPsoffertheirservicestothegeneralpublic,thenetworkstheyoperateareknownaspublicaccessnetworks.

(44)______.

Anorganizationthathasmanycomputersusuallyownsandoperatesaprivatenetwork,calledanintranet,whichconnectsallthecomputerswithintheorganization:ToprovideInternetservice,theorganizationconnectsitsintranettotheInternet.Unlikepublicaccessnetworks,intranetsarerestrictedtoprovidesecurity.

(45)______.

A.ThecurrentnumberofpeoplewhousetheInternetcanonlybeestimated.Onesurveyfoundthattherewere61millionInternetusersworldwideattheendof1996,148millionattheendof1998,and407millionbytheendof2000.Someanalystssaidthatthenumberofuserswasexpectedtodoubleagainbytheendof2022.

B.Onlyauthorizedcomputersattheorganizationcanconnecttotheintranet,andtheorganizationrestrictscommunicationbetweentheintranetandtheglobalInternet.Therestrictionsallowcomputersinsidetheorganizationtoexchangeinformationbutkeeptheinformationconfidentialandprotectedfromoutsiders.

C.Unliketraditionalbroadcastingmedia,suchasradioandtelevision,theInternetdoesnothaveacentralizeddistributionsystem.Instead,anindividualwhohasInternetaccesscancommunicatedirectlywithanyoneelseontheInternet,makeinformationavailabletoothers,findinformationprovidedbyothers,orsellproductswithaminimumoverheadcost.

D.Nonetworkistoolargeortoosmall,toofastortooslowtobeinterconnected.Thus,theInternetincludesinexpensivenetworksthatcanonlyconnectafewcomputerswithinasingleroomaswellasexpensivenetworksthatcanspanacontinentandconnectthousandsofcomputers.

E.ManyindividualsusetheInternetforcommunicatingthroughelectronicmail(e-mail),fornewsandresearchinformation,shopping,payingbills,andonlinebanking.EducationalinstitutionsusetheInternetforresearchandtodelivercoursesandcoursematerialtostudents.

F.IntheUnitedStates,asinmanycountries,ISPsareprivatecompanies;incountrieswheretelephoneserviceisagovernment-regulatedmonopoly,thegovernmentoftencontrolsISPs.<BR

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

ImmediatelyaftertheCivilWar,however,thedietbegantochange.(46)Railtransportationincreasedthesupplyandimprovedthequalityofthemilkthatreachedurbancenters;coldstorageandrefrigeratorcarsmadepossiblethegreaterconsumptionoffreshvegetables,freshfruits,andfreshfish;andcommercialcanningextendedtherangeofap