【課件】Unit+5Discovering+Useful+Structures人教版（2019）必修第三冊

2019新人教高中英語必修三

Unit5Thevalueofmoney

DiscoveringusefulstructuresTeachingobjectives:Bytheendofthisperiod,youwillbeableto

1.mastertheusagesofmodelverbs;2.identifythedifferentfunctionsofmodelverbs;3.usemodelverbstoexpresspropermeaningsinconversations.4.mastertheusagesof

thepastfuturetense;5.usethepastfuturetensefreelytotalkaboutfutureeventsorintentionsinthepast.Lead-inHaveyounoticedthemodalverbsintheconversation?CANCOULDMAYMIGHTMUSTWILLWOULDSHALLSHOULDOUGHTTOLead-inpossibilityCanyouunderstandtheirfunctions?abilityadviceobligationpossibilitypermissionformalinformalLet’slearnModalverbshavemanyfunctions,includingthefollowingones.Let’slearnFindmodalverbsinprevioussectionsanddiscusstheirfunctions.Itmayseemluckytoyoubutnottome!You’dbetternotopenit.Youcan’topenituntiltwoo’clock.Wouldyoustepinsideamoment,please?Youmustn’tthinkwedon’tcareaboutyou.Couldyouoffermeworkhere?Theyshouldn’tbemakingabetonhim.necessitypossibilityobligationrequestadviceintentionModalVerbs(1)TypeModalVerbsExampleAbilitycan,couldDavidcanspeakthreelanguages.HecouldspeakfluentFrenchwhenhewas5.Permissioncan,could,mayCanIsitinthatchairplease?CouldIopenthewindow?MayIborrowyourdictionary?AdviceshouldYoushouldvisityourdentistatleasttwiceayear.Youshouldtrytoloseweight.ModalVerbs(2)TypeModalVerbsExampleObligationmust,havetoImustmemorizealloftheserulesabouttenses.Youhavetotakeoffyourshoesbeforeyougetintothemosque.Possibilitymight,may,could,canItlooksnice,butitmightbeveryexpensive.Richardmaybecomingtoseeustomorrow.一、情態(tài)動詞的基本用法（一）can/could的用法1．表示能力，意為“能，會”。Manypeoplecanusethecomputer.許多人會用電腦。Noonecouldanswerthischallengingquestion.沒人能回答這個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。Explanation2．表示客觀或理論上的可能性。Itcanbeveryhothereinsummer.這里夏天有時會很熱。Accidentscanhappentoanydrunkendriver.醉酒的司機都有可能發(fā)生交通事故。3．表示請求或允許。在疑問句中could可以代替can，語氣更委婉。CouldIhaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.我可以和你談?wù)剢?？不會花很多時間的。4．表示推測，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問句。can比could語氣強。Hecan'tbeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.他不可能是我們經(jīng)理。我們經(jīng)理已經(jīng)去北京了。He

can'thaveleft.Hiscoatishere.他不可能已經(jīng)走了。他的外套還在這里。（二）may/might的用法1．表示請求和許可。在疑問句中might可以代替may，語氣更加委婉?！狹ightIaskforapictureofyourlittledaughter?—Yes,youmay.——我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎？——是的，可以。2．表示推測，意為“或許，可能”，通常用于肯定句和否定句。might比may語氣弱?！狪don'treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don'tworry.Hemightnotcome.Hesaidhewasn'tcertainwhathisplanswere.——我真的不喜歡詹姆斯。為什么你邀請他？——別擔(dān)心，他或許不會來。他說他還不能確定他的計劃。3．表示祝愿，常用結(jié)構(gòu)為“May＋主語＋動詞原形！”Mayyoubehappyeveryday!愿你快樂每一天?。ㄈ﹎ust的用法1．表示“必須”，語氣強烈。haveto表示“不得不”，意義與must相近，但又有所區(qū)別。must表示說話人的主觀看法，haveto則強調(diào)客觀需要；must只有一種形式，而haveto有人稱、時態(tài)等方面的變化?！猄hallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyou

must,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.——我該馬上通知他日程改了嗎？——我想你必須（通知他），以免他開會遲到。Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.我現(xiàn)在不得不走了，因為我母親在住院。2．表示推測，意為“一定”，用于肯定句。Someonemusthaveusedmyumbrellayesterday.Ifounditwet.昨天一定有人用了我的雨傘，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它濕了。3．意為“偏要，非要……不可”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.如果你非要走，至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停止。4．mustn't表示禁止，意為“不得，不允許；一定不要”。Thatcarismyproperty;you

mustn'tuseitwithoutmypermission.那輛車是我的財產(chǎn)，你必須得到我的允許才能使用。（四）shall的用法1．用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見。Shallweputoffthesportsmeettillnextmonth?我們能否將運動會推遲到下個月？ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?明天湯姆可以和我一起去那里嗎？2．用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人的命令、警告、威脅、允諾、決心等；或用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等，意為“必須”。Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.你必須為你的所作所為受到懲罰。（五）should/oughtto的用法1．should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸告、建議等，意為“應(yīng)該”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我們對自己應(yīng)該嚴(yán)格要求。2．should表示出乎意料的口氣，意為“竟然，居然”。Suchagentlemanshoulddothat.這樣一位紳士竟然會做那種事。3．oughtto表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，意為“應(yīng)該”，語氣比should稍重。Yououghtnottobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.這么重要的會議你不應(yīng)該遲到的。4．should和oughtto表示推測，指預(yù)期的可能性，意為“應(yīng)該，估計”。Shepromisedtocomeby10o'clock.Sheshould/oughttobehereatanymoment.她答應(yīng)10點之前來的。她隨時都可能來到。（六）will/would的用法1．表示意愿、意志、決心。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。Iwillnevertalktohimagain.我再也不愿意和他說話了?！猈hydidn'tyoucometoSimon'spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.——為什么你昨天晚上沒來參加西蒙的聚會？——我想去參加，但只是我媽媽不愿意讓我那么晚出去。2．表示征求意見或提出請求，多用于第二人稱疑問句中。would比will語氣委婉。Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowforme?請你給我打開窗戶好嗎？3．表示習(xí)慣性動作、固有屬性、必然趨勢，意為“總是，習(xí)慣于”。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。Everymorninghewillalwayshaveawalkalongthisriver.每天早晨，他總會沿著小河散步。Mumwouldtellusstoriesbeforewewenttobed.過去在我們上床睡覺前，媽媽總給我們講故事。4．表示功能，意為“能，可以”，常用于否定句。Thedoorwon'topen.這門打不開。（七）need的用法作情態(tài)動詞時，need沒有人稱和時態(tài)的變化，后接動詞原形，一般用于否定句或疑問句中。其否定形式是在其后直接加not，疑問形式是直接將need提到主語前。由need構(gòu)成的一般疑問句，其肯定回答用must。Youneedn'tbetoldtwiceaboutonesinglething.同一件事不必對你說兩遍?！狽eedItellhimeverythingthat'shappenedtohisparents?—Yes,youmust./No,you

needn't.——我有必要告訴他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎？——是的，必須。/不，沒必要。need還可以作實義動詞，此時有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面可跟名詞、帶to的不定式或動名詞等作賓語，其否定形式、疑問形式都要通過助動詞do構(gòu)成。Plantsneedlightinordertosurvive.植物存活必須有光照。DoIneedtoleavemytelephonenumberandaddress?我有必要把電話號碼和地址留下嗎？Youdon'tneedtohandinyourcompositionstoday.你們今天不必交作文。（八）dare的用法1．dare可用實義動詞和情態(tài)動詞，用作情態(tài)動詞時，意思是“敢”，其后接動詞原形，通常只用于否定句或疑問句以及if或whether之后，一般不用于肯定句：Dareyoutellherthetruth?你敢告訴她事實真相嗎？Idon'tknowwhetherhedaretry.我不知他是否敢試一試。Idaren'taskherforarise.我不敢要求她加薪。Idaresay是習(xí)慣說法（用于肯定句），并不一定要譯為“我敢說”，它所表示的是一種不肯定的語氣，常譯為“很可能”“大概”“我想”等，有時用作反語：Idaresay(that)youareright.我想你是對的。Oh,youmeantowin?Idaresayyouwill.啊，你想打贏？我且看你贏吧。2．dare用作實義動詞時意為“敢于”，可以有各種詞形變化，可用于各類句型（肯定句、否定句、疑問句及各類從句等），其后多接帶to的不定式，有時to也可省去（尤其是在否定句或疑問句中），可用于非謂語形式、完成時態(tài)等：Wemustdaretothink,speakandact.我們必須敢想、敢說、敢做。Iwonderhowhedared(to)saysuchthings.我納悶他怎么竟敢說出這樣的話來。Didhedare(to)tellher?他敢告訴她嗎？Wedon'tdare(to)sayanything.我們什么也不敢說。Theboystoodbeforetheteacher,notdaringtolookup.這個小男孩站在老師面前不敢抬頭。I'venever

dared(to)askher.我從來不敢問她。ThePastFutureTense(1)過去將來時表示在過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。過去將來時常在主句謂語動詞為過去時態(tài)的賓語從句中。過去將來時句子中有時包含時間狀語thenextday、soon等。Theysaidtheletterinsidewouldexplainwhatitwasallabout.他們說里面的信會解釋所有的事情。Thedirectorsaidhewouldmeetthefamousactorthenextday.導(dǎo)演說他會在第二天與那天著名男演員見面。ThePastFutureTense(2)過去將來時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“would+動詞原形”，否定式是在would后面加not.Jeffknewhewouldbetiredthenextday.杰夫知道他第二天會很累。Hepromisedthathewouldnotopentheletteruntil2o’clock.他許諾兩點鐘之前不會打開信。ThePastFutureTense(3)begoingto、beaboutto等結(jié)構(gòu)也用在過去將來時中。TheyweregoingtofindsomeonetotakepartintheirbestwhentheysawHenrywalkingonthestreetoutside.他們正準(zhǔn)備找一個人來參與他們的賭局，這時，他們看到亨利走在外面的大街上。Mrs.Thomsonwasabouttositdowntowatchtheoperawhenherphonerang.湯姆森夫人剛要坐下看劇的時候，她的電話響了。

1.Onegoodturndeserves(值得)another.Ifsomeonedoessomethingniceforyou,you________dosomethingniceinreturn.2.Hopeforthebest,butpreparefortheworst.Badthingsmighthappen,soyou______________beprepared.3.There’snosuchthingasafreelunch.Thingsthatareofferedforfree____________haveahiddencost.PracticeshouldActivity1-Fillintheblankswithsuitablemodalverbs.hadbettermust4.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.You_____________(not)justwaitforgoodthingstohappentoyou.Workhardtoachieveyourgoals.5.Beggarscan’tbechoosers.Ifyouareaskingforsomethingfromothers,you_____________takewhatevertheygiveyou.Practiceshouldn’tmustThe

clerk

in

the

consulate

told

Henry

thatthey_______________________________(not,give,aloan).Henryenteredthegentlemen’shouse,wonderingifthey____________________(offer,ajob).ThegentlemensaidthatHenry____________________(know,everything)inanhourandahalf.wasnotgoingtogivealoantohimPracticewouldofferhimajobwouldknoweverythingActivity2-Completethesentencewithwould,was/weregoingto,andthewordsinbrackets.4.Henry___________________________________________(explainwhy,notpay,thebill)rightawaywhenthewaiterbecameimpatient.5.Theownerofthetailor’sshopneverthoughthe___________________________(hold,suchalargenote).6.Afteronemonth,HenrywenttoseethegentlemenwithPortia.He___________________________(giveback,note).wasgoingtoexplainwhyhewasn’tpaythebillPracticewouldholdsuchalargenotewasgoingtogivebackthenote

InthefilmTheMillionPoundBankNote,HenryAdamsisstuckinaforeigncountrywithoutmoneyandfriends,andwithnowheretostay.Whilethissituation_________seemunusual,itcansometimeshappentotraveler.Incaseithappenstoyouontripabroad,what_________youdo?First,andmostimportantly,you_________staycalm.Fear_________causeyoutobecomeconfused.Youneedtothinkclearly.Second,youshouldgotoyournearestconsulate.They_________beabletohelptosomeextent.Third,you________dowelltocheckwithsomelocalcharities.They_________offerhelptotravelersinneed.Fourth,you_________avoidgettingintotrouble.You_________thinkthatstealingsomemoneyorfoodwouldhelpyou,butyoushouldnotdoso.Gettingcaught_________ruinyourlife.maymustcanoughttomighthadbetterwouldshouldmayshouldmustcanoughttowouldmighthadbettermightwouldActivity3-Usepropermodalverbsto