2023年高考英語大沖刺備考“最后30天”專題五非謂語動(dòng)詞

2023年高考英語大沖刺備考“最后30天”專題五非謂語動(dòng)詞PAGE2PAGE1專題五非謂語動(dòng)詞試題1不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的根本區(qū)別試題1不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的根本區(qū)別例題A.follows B.followed C.tofollow D.beingfollowed【解析】動(dòng)詞不定式表示未來的動(dòng)作。例題試題2例題試題2非謂語動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)式與被動(dòng)式When_____help,oneoftensays,“Thankyou.〞Or“It’skindofyou.〞A.offering B.tooffer C.tobeoffered D.offered【解析】當(dāng)一個(gè)人說“謝謝〞，應(yīng)當(dāng)是他被提供了幫助，所以要用過去分詞，Whenofferedhelp…=Whenheisofferedhelp…例題試題3例題試題3非謂語動(dòng)詞完成式Thestormleft,_____alotofdamagetothisarea.A.caused B.tohavecaused C.tocauseD.havingcaused【解析】因Thestorm與cause是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，排除選項(xiàng)A;不定式作狀語，前面通常不用逗號(hào)，排除B和C;因暴風(fēng)雨給這個(gè)地區(qū)“造成損失〞是在結(jié)束之前，所以用完成式。例題試題4例題試題4非謂語動(dòng)詞用作伴隨狀語“Youcan’tcatchme!〞Janetshouted,_____away.A.runB.running C.torun D.ran【解析】現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。試題5非謂語動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語試題5非謂語動(dòng)詞用作目的狀語例題____moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A.TofindoutB.FindingoutC.FindoutD.Havingfoundout【解析】作目的狀語要用動(dòng)詞不定式。例題試題6例題試題6非謂語動(dòng)詞用作結(jié)果狀語Oilpriceshaverisenby32percentsincethestartoftheyear,_____arecordUS$57.65abarrelonApril4.A.havereachedB.reachingC.toreachD.tobereaching【解析】伴隨著謂語動(dòng)詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果，用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。例題試題7例題試題7非謂語動(dòng)詞用作賓語補(bǔ)足語Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You’vehadit_____oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained【解析】賓語it與explain是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，havesthdone意為“請(qǐng)人做某事〞。例題試題8例題試題8非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語Whilewatchingtelevision,_____.A.thedoorbellrang B.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellring D.weheardthedoorbellrings【解析】因?yàn)閣atching的邏輯主語是we，排除選項(xiàng)A和B;又因在hear后作賓語補(bǔ)足語的是省略了to的不定式，所以選項(xiàng)D中的rings是錯(cuò)誤的。例題試題9例題試題9非謂語動(dòng)詞用作主語It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview;_____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.Having【解析】動(dòng)名詞短語用作主語。試題10“試題10“(be+)過去分詞+介詞〞結(jié)構(gòu)例題_____inawhiteuniform,helooksmorelikeacookthanadoctor.A.DressedB.TodressC.DressingD.Havingdressed【解析】由dress的賓語一定是人或oneself可知，dress與he是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即he與dress是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞作狀語，Dressedin…=Asheisdressedin…【答案】A 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的三種根本形式的含義①todo：表示要做或去做，表個(gè)別行為，表目的。②doing：表示做了，經(jīng)常做，用來做，或一般行為〔動(dòng)名詞〕。表示主動(dòng)含義“正在做〞，形容詞化翻譯成“令人…的〞〔現(xiàn)在分詞〕。③done：表示被動(dòng)含義“被做〞或“已做〞“已被做〞，形容詞化后翻譯成“(某人)感到……的〞或“被……的〞或“已……的〞〔表語、定語、狀語〕。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種變形語態(tài)一般式完成式進(jìn)行式todo主動(dòng)語態(tài)todotohavedonetobedoing被動(dòng)語態(tài)tobedonetohavebeendonedoing主動(dòng)語態(tài)doinghavingdone被動(dòng)語態(tài)beingdonehavingbeendonedone被動(dòng)語態(tài)done三、非謂語動(dòng)詞在句中功能〔一〕非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語1．不定式作狀語不定式作狀語通常表示：(1)原因(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后)；(2)目的(可用soasto/inorderto替換，但soasto一般不可置于句首)；(3)結(jié)果(常表出乎意料的結(jié)果，常為onlytodo)。①Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.(原因)②TogetthereontimeIgotupveryearly.(目的)③Herushedtoschoolonlytofindtherewasnobodythere.(結(jié)果)2．現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttohisparentsforhelp.由于不知怎么辦才好，他去找他父母幫助。(2)過去分詞作狀語時(shí)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Givenmoreattention，thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.如果對(duì)這些樹多關(guān)心一些，它們本來會(huì)長(zhǎng)得更好。(3)局部過去分詞來源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being。這樣的過去分詞及短語常見的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、stationed(駐扎)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof(厭煩了)等。Lost/Absorbedindeepthought，hedidn'thearthesound.3．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語如果分詞作狀語的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，須在分詞前面加上它自己的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)叫獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用相當(dāng)于狀語從句；有時(shí)也用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語)作狀語。(1)名詞/主格代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞名詞/主格代詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間是主謂關(guān)系。Thegirlstaringathim(＝Asthegirlstaredathim)，hedidn'tknowwhattosay.女孩兩眼望著他，他不知道說什么好。(2)名詞/主格代詞＋過去分詞名詞/主格代詞與過去分詞之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Theproblemssolved(＝Astheproblemsweresolved)，thequalityhasbeenimproved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。(3)名詞/主格代詞＋不定式名詞/主格代詞與不定式之間是主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次具體性的動(dòng)作。Heisgoingtomakeamodelplane，someoldpartstohelp.借助于一些舊零件，他要做一個(gè)飛機(jī)模型。(4)with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語)作狀語，是用現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞還是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，關(guān)鍵是看賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語之間的關(guān)系。Withtimepassingby(time和pass之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系)，healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.隨著時(shí)間的流逝，他幾乎忘記了過去所有的事情。Hesatonthechair，withhishandstied(hands和tie之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)behindhisback.他坐在椅子上，雙手在背后捆著。〔二〕非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語、賓語1．非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語(1)Laughinghelpsyourbodystayhealthyandcanevenhelpyoufightpain.(動(dòng)名詞作主語)(2)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式作主語)(3)Itisimportanttorespectpeople.(不定式短語作主語，it作形式主語)(4)Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.(動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，it作形式主語)2．非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語(1)動(dòng)名詞作表語時(shí)，說明主語的性質(zhì)，答復(fù)what引導(dǎo)的問句。(2)不定式作表語時(shí)，說明主語尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或表示將來的動(dòng)作。3．非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語的主要是不定式和動(dòng)名詞(1)afford，agree，choose，determine，expect，decide，learn，offer，manage，hope，want，wish，promise，refuse，fail，pretend，happen等動(dòng)詞后跟不定式作賓語。(2)appreciate，avoid，bear，consider，dislike，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，hate，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practise，postpone，resist，risk，stand，suggest等動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。〔三〕非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語1．a(chǎn)dvise/allow/ask/beg/expect/encourage/force/get/invite/order/permit/persuade/tell/warn/wish等動(dòng)詞后面常用不定式作補(bǔ)語。如：Tellthechildrennottoplayonthestreet.Thepolicewarnedusnottogooutatnight.2．make/let/have等使役動(dòng)詞后面用不帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語，但在被動(dòng)句中那么使用帶to的不定式。如：Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.3．感官動(dòng)詞后面可用不帶to的不定式或分詞作補(bǔ)語。從時(shí)間上看，不定式表示發(fā)生或完成；現(xiàn)在分詞強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞表示完成。從邏輯關(guān)系上看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間存在著主謂關(guān)系；過去分詞與賓語之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：Isawhimcrossthestreet.我看到他穿過了大街。Isawhimcrossingthestreet.我看到他正在穿過大街。Isawhimsurroundedbyagroupofstudents.我看到一群學(xué)生圍著他。〔四〕非謂語動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式1．非謂語動(dòng)詞的否認(rèn)式均是在前面加not。Hepretendednottoseeme.Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.Nothavingtriedhisbest，hefailedintheexam.2．不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式要用進(jìn)行式。Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.當(dāng)不定式的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式要用完成式。Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.3．動(dòng)名詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式、完成被動(dòng)式和帶有邏輯主語的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.4．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作早于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。Havingdonehishomework，heplayedbasketball.當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語為其動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Havingbeentoldmanytimes，thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.一、選擇題〔20分/20min〕1.Thegreathallwascrowdedwithmanypeople,__manychildren__ontheirparents’laps.A.including;seated B.including;seating C.included;sat D.included;sitting【解析】including為介詞;由seat的用法可知,此處應(yīng)用其過去分詞形式?！敬鸢浮緼2.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals_____meat.A.belongedto;fedon B.belongingto;feedonC.werebelongedto;feedon D.belongingto;feedingon【解析】belongto沒有被動(dòng)形式,故此處只能用其-ing形式作定語?！敬鸢浮緽3.____foralongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.A.Beingnorain B.Therewasnorain C.Tobenorain D.Therebeingnorain【解析】Therebeingnorain為therebe句型的獨(dú)立主格形式。【答案】D4.Astreet-beggarboughtalotteryticketpurposelessly,__himamillionaireovernight.A.making B.makes C.tomakeD.made【解析】不定式作結(jié)果狀語表示主語未曾預(yù)料到的結(jié)果。【答案】C5.InthefaceofthebigfireinOctoberinCalifornia,manypeopleinthefire-strickenareasmovedout____.A.toescapeburning B.toescapebeingburned C.escapingburned D.escapingfromburning【解析】不定式作目的狀語。escape意為“逃脫〞,不接不定式,而常接-ing形式作賓語。只能接-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞還有:mind,admit,avoid,appreciate,consider(考慮),delay,imagine,miss,practice等。【答案】B6.Takingthismedicine,if_____,willofcoursedogoodtohishealth.A.continued B.tocontinue C.continuesD.continuing【解析】ifcontinued是“iftakingthismedicineiscontinued〞的省略形式。【答案】A7.Thelittleboystillneedsthe_____20dollarstodowithsomethings_____.A.remaining;remainedtobesettled B.remaining;remainingtobesettledC.remained;remainedtosettle D.remained;remainingtosettle【解析】第一個(gè)remaining用作形容詞,作“剩下的〞解;第二個(gè)remainingtobesettled是-ing形式短語作定語。【答案】B8._____hisage,thelittleboyreadquitewell.A.Considering B.Considered C.Consider D.Havingconsidered【解析】considering為介詞,作“就……而論;考慮到〞解。【答案】A9.___fromtheappearance,itisverypeaceful;butinfact,awarwillbreakoutsoon.A.Judged B.Judging C.Havingjudged D.Tojudge【解析】judgingfrom意為“從……來判斷〞,為固定結(jié)構(gòu)。【答案】B10.—Tomenjoys___basketballonSundayafternoons,doesn’the?—Yes,hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys_____.A.toplay;dancing B.playing;todance C.toplay;todance D.playing;istodance【解析】enjoy后常接-ing形式作賓語;whathissisterenjoys做主語,istodance構(gòu)成句子的謂語。【答案】D11.Hisletter,_____tothewrongnumber,reachedmelate.A.havingbeenaddressedB.tohaveaddressed C.tohavebeenaddressed D.beingaddressed【解析】address所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前,且與letter之間邏輯上存在著被動(dòng)關(guān)系,havingbeenaddressed...在句中作非限制性定語。【答案】A12.—You_____partinthepartyontime.—Sorry,Iwasdelayedbytheaccident.A.aretotake B.havesupposedtotake C.weretohavetaken D.supposedtotake【解析】Youweretohavetakenpartintheparty.意為“你本來應(yīng)該參加那次聚會(huì)的〞【答案】C13.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_____inourcity.A.needsrepairing B.needingrepaired C.neededrepairing D.needingtoberepaired【解析】needingtoberepaired相當(dāng)于needingrepairing,在句中作定語。另外,require和want也有類似的用法?！敬鸢浮緿14.—Whatcausedthepartytobeputoff?—_____theinvitations.A.Tomdelayedsending B.Tom’sdelayingsendingC.Tomdelayingtosend D.Tomdelayedtosend【解析】Tom’sdelayingsending是-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可代替what在句中做主語。【答案】B15.Iwasafraid_____tomycustomersbecauseIwasafraid_____them.A.oftalkingback;tolose B.oftalkingback;oflosingC.totalkback;tolose D.totalkback;oflosing【解析】beafraidtodo作“不敢……〞解(側(cè)重指不敢做出的一種行為);beafraidofdoing作“擔(dān)憂……〞解(側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)害怕產(chǎn)生某種后果)。【答案】D16.Standingonthetopofthehill,Iwouldnotdoanythingbut_____theflowingofthesmogaroundme.A.enjoyB.enjoyingC.enjoyed D.toenjoy【解析】but用作“除了〞解,當(dāng)其前含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí),那么but后的不定式短語要省去to?！敬鸢浮緼17.—IsTomagoodtalker?—No,heneverspeakstomeotherthan_____something?A.askfor B.toaskfor C.askedfor D.askingfor【解析】otherthanaskedforsomething相當(dāng)于unlessheisaskedforsomething?！敬鸢浮緾18.Ican’tgetmycar__oncoldmornings,soIhavetotry__theradiatorwithsomehotwater.A.run;tofill B.running;filling C.running;tofill D.ran;filling【解析】getmycarrunning意為“使我的車發(fā)動(dòng)起來〞;trydoing表示“試一試做某事的方法〞;trytodo意為“努力去做某事〞?！敬鸢浮緽19.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_____inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_____byhiswife.A.flying;tosleepB.flying;sleepingC.tofly;tosleepingD.tofly;tosleep【解析】sendsb./sth.doing意為“使……快速移動(dòng)〞;sendsb.tosleep意為“使某人入睡〞,其中to為介詞,sleep為名詞?！敬鸢浮緼20.Whenwegotbackfromthecinema,wefoundthelamp___butthedoor___.A.beingon;shut B.burning;shutting C.burning;shut D.on;shutting【解析】句中的burning,shut均作found的賓語補(bǔ)足語,表狀態(tài)。1.時(shí)間：你是否在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成？□是□否2.教材：教材知識(shí)是否全面掌握？□是□否二、單句填空〔40分/10min〕1．________(catch)theearlyflight，weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.【解析】Tocatch在此作目的狀語。句意：為了趕上早航班，我們提前訂了出租車并且起得很早。【答案】Tocatch2．Theparkwasfullofpeople，________(enjoy)themselvesinthesunshine.【解析】enjoying為現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，與people形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。句意：公園里人山人海，他們?cè)阢逶≈柟庥淇斓赝嫠?。【答案】enjoying3．________(absorb)inpainting，Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.【解析】動(dòng)詞absorb有“使專心〞之意，常見短語beabsorbedin，所以用過去分詞作原因狀語?！敬鸢浮緼bsorbed4．________(work)fortwodays，Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.【解析】該題邏輯主語是Steve，與動(dòng)詞work是主謂關(guān)系，謂語動(dòng)詞為managedtofinish，“成功完成〞，比擬動(dòng)作work和謂語可知，先工作兩天，才成功完成，因此用可表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的havingworked?！敬鸢浮縃avingworked5．AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton________(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.【解析】goon后接todo或doing作賓語均可以，但是goondoing表示“繼續(xù)干同一件事〞，而goontodo那么表示“繼續(xù)干另一件事〞。由語境可知，AnneBenedict在接受獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)后又繼續(xù)干另一件事，即：感謝幫助過她的人，故要用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語。句意：在獲得奧斯卡最正確女配角獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)之后，AnneBenedict繼續(xù)感謝所有曾經(jīng)在她的職業(yè)生涯中幫助過她的人。【答案】tothank6．Backfromhistwo-yearmedicalserviceinAfrica，Dr.Leewasveryhappytoseehismother________(take)goodcareofathome.【解析】分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是“see＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語〞結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語補(bǔ)足語可以是do，doing或者done。假設(shè)賓語與補(bǔ)語之間為主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的全過程，用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式，即do；假設(shè)賓語與補(bǔ)語之間為主謂關(guān)系，且強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，用doing；假設(shè)賓語與補(bǔ)語之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。此處hismother與takegoodcareof之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用taken作賓補(bǔ)。句意：在非洲醫(yī)療效勞兩年后回來，李博士看到他的母親在家里被照顧得很好，他很快樂。【答案】taken7．Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearit________(perform)liveisquiteanother.【解析】由live(現(xiàn)場(chǎng)直播)可知“聽到音樂正在被演奏〞，故填beingperformed。【答案】beingperformed8．Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile，shestoodrootedtotheground，________(wonder)whethertostayorleave.【解析】句意：當(dāng)?shù)陠T看到一張慈祥的臉上擠出一副抱歉的笑容時(shí)，她愣愣地站在了那里，不知是去還是留。此句的謂語動(dòng)詞是stood，所以wonder在此用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。【答案】wondering9．SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents_______(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem【解析】talkover討論。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知actasalisteningearforfellowstudentstodosth.中的todosth.是作students的賓語補(bǔ)足語。句意：有時(shí)我充當(dāng)一個(gè)傾聽者來傾聽我的同學(xué)們討論他們的煩心事。【答案】totalk10．Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirway______(use)thesunandthestars.【解析】usingthesunandthestars在句中作狀語，與邏輯主語birds構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：像古代水手那樣，鳥可以利用太陽和恒星來找到路。1.時(shí)間：你是否在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)完成？□是□否2.書寫：字跡是否工整？卷面是否整潔？□是□否3.教材：教材知識(shí)是否全面掌握？□是□否三、單句改錯(cuò)〔40分/10min〕1．Evenwhenitcomestoshakehands,ladiescomefirst.【解析】在whenitcomesto...句型中，to為介詞，所以要用動(dòng)名詞作to的賓語?！敬鸢浮縮hake改為shaki