高中英語新高考-改革：從江蘇卷走向全國卷（比較分析+應(yīng)對措施）

高中英語新高考-改革：從江蘇卷走向全國卷（比較分析+應(yīng)對措施）全國卷對于成績中等考生，尤其是對于英語絕望的考生，是個(gè)天大的福音。全國卷很規(guī)矩，不走極端，只要你認(rèn)真刷題，然后抓好詞匯，效果是立竿見影的，你會喜歡上英語的，并發(fā)出感慨：原來，英語我也是可以考高分啊。而對于優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，也不是壞事，因?yàn)榻K卷，你無論成績多好，都要每天刷高大上的題目，遇到任務(wù)型也是束手無策，全國卷給你一個(gè)考滿分的機(jī)會了，而且還不要投入太多的精力。未來英語的競爭，真是分毫必爭了。建議：抓好詞匯，不要太鉆，大部分只需要識記的。抓好閱讀完形，我認(rèn)為，江蘇?？季淼拈喿x完形可以繼續(xù)使用的，起點(diǎn)高一點(diǎn)，不是壞事，我們的目標(biāo)是高分甚至滿分。江蘇閱讀完形命題技術(shù)上和全國卷一樣的，差別在于選材，文學(xué)類的小說文章可以不做了，文學(xué)評論可以不做了，重點(diǎn)科普文、說明文和記敘文。

語法，要注意多做填空題，把握最最基礎(chǔ)的。做好這三件事，就可以了，其它的題型都是建立它們的基礎(chǔ)上，開學(xué)后跟著任課老師刷刷題就ok了。首先要分析全國卷和江蘇卷的題型區(qū)別：全國卷I和II題型幾乎完全一樣，就是難度稍微有點(diǎn)差別，因此無須為此糾結(jié)。我們主要分析I卷：江蘇卷和全國卷I完全一樣的題型是：第一大題：聽力（30分）第二大題：閱讀（30分）第三大題：完形（30分）以上三大題，江蘇卷由于分值的原因，聽力是20分，完形是20分。那么全國卷的不同的題型是：第一、七選五的閱讀理解（10分）第二、語法填空（15分）第三、短文改錯（10分）第四、寫作（25分）這就意味著，你將和江蘇的任務(wù)型閱讀、單選徹底告別了。但是即使是一樣的題型，也有差別的。下面我一一說明：聽力，江蘇高考一直用全國卷的，所以這塊不用分析，但是此后每道題就是1.5分了，各位同學(xué)的損失價(jià)值增加了二分之一，所以還是要一如既往搞好聽力訓(xùn)練。閱讀理解，江蘇的閱讀特點(diǎn)就是：文章長，句子長，題材還涉及到文學(xué)評論、小說、哲學(xué)思考，即使科普文，也要搞一些深度分析（例如人性的角度，經(jīng)濟(jì)變化等等），但是全國卷就比較緩和了，肯定沒有文學(xué)評論、小說、哲學(xué)類，題材集中在科普文、說明文和記敘文，少了燒腦的深度分析，譬如今年介紹語言的消失，就是說一下不同的時(shí)間段語言特點(diǎn)。江蘇文章BCD篇詞數(shù)基本都是：380、450、650；全國卷BCD篇基本都是：300-350之間。江蘇文章由于選材的深度高一些，所以用詞的術(shù)語就多，看起來概念多，這就要考生去理解并記住。如果撇開長度和話題深度而言，全國卷和江蘇卷閱讀幾乎沒有差別。現(xiàn)在高考閱讀的難度主要在選材上，命題技術(shù)上很難看出高下。近年來，閱讀趨向語篇意義的理解，江蘇卷和全國卷幾乎保持同步，譬如推理題、選標(biāo)題、詞義猜測題等都要結(jié)合語篇。下面我會結(jié)合例題簡要分析。先說2018年全國I卷，總結(jié)一下：1、語篇特點(diǎn)非常鮮明2、命題點(diǎn)都是落在語篇關(guān)鍵句上。這和江蘇命題一樣，也是今后的命題方向。CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.

Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,

manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunications

inthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,and

dominant

languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.

Thegeneralruleisthat

mildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.命題者選文嚴(yán)格遵守層次分明的說明文：開篇說主題：語言在消失：Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.

末段照應(yīng)：具體的數(shù)量的語言在小時(shí)：Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.中間用時(shí)間順序展開：Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherersSoonafterwardsinthepastfewdecadesAtpresent命題點(diǎn)是：28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.本題針對第一個(gè)時(shí)間節(jié)點(diǎn)的語言特征命題，根據(jù)：Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.可知：群居時(shí)代，語言各自獨(dú)立，這就意味著語言種類很多，所以選B.這種推理也不是直接看出答案的，需要一種數(shù)學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)換。29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.本題是猜測詞義題，在第二個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，根據(jù)：allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.可知takeover和powerful相近。這種題大都一樣的思維。選C.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800. B.About3,400. C.About2,400. D.About1,200.本題也是根據(jù)語篇意義，根據(jù)首句：Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.結(jié)合定位句Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.就能計(jì)算。選B。31.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.主旨大意題，根據(jù)語篇的概念，第一句就是大意，說語言的消失，只有C說到了語言越來越少。如果說以上還不能完整體現(xiàn)語篇概念，那么D篇更明顯了：Wemaythinkwe’reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,

butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.

That’s

bad

newsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife–fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndMP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2002,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2007.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn’tthrowoutouroldones.

“Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids’room,andsuddenlyoneday,youhaveaTVineveryroomofthehouse,”saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2007.We’renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices–wecontinuetousethem.

Accordingtotheanalysis

ofBabbitt’steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdevices

withtheirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoubling

duringthe1992to2007window.Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?

Theteam’sdataonlywentupto2007,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.本篇選材語篇模式：現(xiàn)象——實(shí)驗(yàn)分析——解決方式，這和歷年江蘇完全一致的：第一段點(diǎn)明主旨：wekeepusingourolddevices(裝置)wellaftertheygooutofstyle.

第二段開始用實(shí)驗(yàn)證明使用舊設(shè)備的不利：先說明實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模篢ofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,

第三段再說明實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果：theworstdevices

withtheirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions(排放)morethandoubling最后一段說解決方式：Sowhat’sthesolution(解決方案)?

看命題點(diǎn)：32.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly. B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome. D.Theygooutofstylequickly.

本題是考查區(qū)分作者態(tài)度和事實(shí)，和江蘇考查一樣。根據(jù)首段的

That’s

bad

newsfortheenvironment–andourwallets–astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.可見選A。這個(gè)里面也是需要推理的：舊設(shè)備耗費(fèi)更多的能量，說明新設(shè)備耗費(fèi)的少。

33.WhydidBabbitt’steamconducttheresearch?A.Toreducethecostofminerals.

B.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.C.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.D.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.本題考查實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模苯痈鶕?jù)第二段首句和第三段末句進(jìn)行推理，選D。34.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV. B.Thetablet. C.TheLCDTV. D.Thedesktopcomputer.細(xì)節(jié)考查，因?yàn)槲恼铝信e了很多具體設(shè)備的耗費(fèi)，所以一般都會有一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)題。選B.35.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?A.Stopusingthem. B.Takethemapart.

C.Upgradethem. D.Recyclethem.

本題考查解決方案，從replacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction可知答案A.

再說2017年全國卷，我做了一個(gè)具體分析：B篇記敘文的文本分析1.注意感情的變化。2.記敘文的語篇模式：開始——發(fā)展——高潮（twist)——結(jié)局1.注意感情的變化。四個(gè)地方要關(guān)注副詞和狀語虛擬語氣動詞感嘆號2.記敘文的語篇模式：開始——發(fā)展——高潮（twist)——結(jié)局開始：examinedthechick發(fā)展：constructanestandanchoritinatree高潮：recordingofthehungerscreamsof結(jié)局：theparentshadrespondedtotherecordings具體演化總寫：Tryingto...heartbreaking-->

survivalis

never

certain-->

However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.開始：itseemed

fine-->IfIcouldlocatethenest,Imighthavebeenabletoputitback,butnoluck.發(fā)展：Thehomeownerwasvery

helpful--》thisnestsafeandcomfortable.--》it

quicklycalmeddown.高潮：Nowallthatwasneededweretheparents,buttheywereabsent.--》they

mightalsoencourageourchicktostartcallingaswell.結(jié)局：Anervousnighttobesure,

butsometimesthespiritsofnaturesmileonusall!--》lookinghealthyandactive--》greatestsightofall—LUNCH!--》Theparentshaddonetheirdutyandwouldprobablycontinuetodo

so.語篇模式把握的好處：快速把握文章大意；有利于文本分析命題技巧探索一、從題干的分析：總寫：24.Whatis

unavoidableintheauthor’srescueworkaccordingtoparagraph1?開始：25.

Why

was

the

author

called

to

Muttontown?發(fā)展：26.What

made

the

chick

calm

down?結(jié)局.How

would

the

author

feel

about

the

outcome

of

the

event?1.按段的順序出題2.題干本身透露了事物發(fā)展的框架內(nèi)容二、選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn)：1、Efforts

made

in

vain.原句：survivalisnever

certain.干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：原句：Tryingtohelpinjured,displacedorsickcreaturesGetting

injured

in

his

work（混淆角色）Feeling

uncertain

about

his

future（混淆角色）Creatures

forced

out

of

their

homes（無中生有）2、To

look

at

a

baby

owl原句：IgotarescuecallfromawomaninMuttontown.Shehadfoundayoungowl(貓頭鷹)ontheground.Isaw...Iexamined干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：A.To

rescue

a

woman.(混淆角色）B.To

take

care

of

a

woman.（混淆角色）D.To

cure

a

young

owl.（動詞過度加深）3、A.A

new

nest.原句：Iplacedthechickinthenest,andit

quicklycalmeddown.干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：B.Some

food.（混淆角色：事情過程混淆）

C.A

recording.（混淆角色：事情過程混淆）

D.Its

parents.（混淆角色：事情過程混淆）4、It’s

beautiful.原句：However,whenitworks,itissimplybeautiful.thechickinthenestlookinghealthyandactive.the

greatestsightofall干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：A.It’s

unexpected.（曲解）C.

It’s

humorous.（曲解）

D.

It’s

discouraging.（曲解）C篇介紹事件類的說明文的文本分析本文模式：主題解釋類，即：主題——解釋（兩個(gè)原因）——結(jié)論具體如下：第1段：主題（現(xiàn)象）：閱讀關(guān)鍵詞：抓住路標(biāo)詞：目的關(guān)系，讓步轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系tocelebratethefirstannualInternationalJazzDay--》toraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(聯(lián)合)voiceacrosscultures這也是題眼：28.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?第2、3、4段：原因1——thejazzaudience

continuestoshrinkandgrowolder，failedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.（推測：Jazz開始不受歡迎了）3、4論證：Moranhopesto...WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthat...第5段：原因2——Moransays

entertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.題眼：30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?第6段：總結(jié)：Sometimeswelosesightthatthemusichasawidercontext,

so

Iwanttocontinuethosedialogues.ThosearethethingsIwanttofoster.題眼：31.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?命題技巧探索題干的設(shè)問成線性：28.Whydid

UNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?30.Whatcanweinferabout

Moran’sopiniononjazz?命題技巧總結(jié)：正確選項(xiàng)為同義轉(zhuǎn)述；錯誤選項(xiàng)在于混淆事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)，具體為：角色混淆、概念混淆。分析：（只挑選代表性的選項(xiàng)）28.WhydidUNESCOsetApril30asInternationalJazzDay?A.Torememberthebirthofjazz.（角色混淆，這個(gè)是針對Someoftheworld’smostfamousmusiciansrecentlygathered）B.Toprotectculturaldiversity.（混淆概念，原文：itspotentialasaunifying(聯(lián)合)voiceacrosscultures）C.Toencouragepeopletostudymusic.（混淆概念，原文：raiseawarenessofjazzmusic）D.Torecognizethevalueofjazz.

（原句：

toraiseawarenessofjazzmusic,itssignificance,anditspotentialasaunifying(聯(lián)合)voiceacrosscultures.）29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto?C.Jazzbeinglesspopularwiththeyoung.（同義轉(zhuǎn)述：continuestoshrinkandgrowolder,

andthemusichasfailedtoconnectwithyoungergenerations.）30.WhatcanweinferaboutMoran’sopiniononjazz?原文：“Themusiccan’tbepresentedtodaythewayitwasin1908or1958.Ithastocontinuetomove,becausethewaytheworldworksisnotthesame,”saysMoran.C.Itshouldkeepupwiththetimes.（同義轉(zhuǎn)述）D.Itchangesevery50years.（曲解）D篇介紹概念性說明文的文本分析語篇模式：概念介紹——功能、性質(zhì)、方法——應(yīng)用或評價(jià)第1段：主題——介紹概念：Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill主題句：Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸餾器）isoneof

thebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.作者主觀感情：Unfortunately,youmust

carrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit’sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.--》Theonly

componentsrequired,though,are...針對題目：32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?第2、3段：介紹過程Toconstructaworkingstill,

useasharpstickorrocktodigahole

fourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Next,

covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.34.What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

第4段：補(bǔ)充介紹應(yīng)用型結(jié)果橫向延伸：江蘇省的同類語篇模式：（D篇）概念（適應(yīng)氣候）——具體解釋——5個(gè)例子

——總結(jié)第1、2段：二氧化碳排放在繼續(xù)，帶來人類適應(yīng)氣候變化的挑戰(zhàn)。第1段：介紹climateadaptation的概念。提示：注意soeven...，Here...examples的銜接詞，它們既是主旨，又引出下文。第2段：具體解釋climateadaptation。提示：注意but,nevertheless語篇銜接詞，前者引出主旨，后者引出下文的someactions。第3、4、5、6、7段分別介紹了適應(yīng)氣候變化的例子。第8段：總結(jié)：適應(yīng)氣候變化。提示：語篇銜接詞but的一句非常關(guān)鍵，是主題句。最后afterall是感情色彩詞，引出作者的感慨。命題技巧探索細(xì)節(jié)題比較多，但是此題迷惑性比較大：32.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?C.It’scomplex.(混淆事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)：Theonly

componentsrequired)

.

D.It’sportable.（同義轉(zhuǎn)述：youmust

carrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou）

其它角度考慮一、從詞匯的角度考慮1、詞匯用法很活，不走尋常路2、涉及高中的詞匯很多，有120個(gè)A篇smileonawarenessobtainpickupawonderfulscienceactivityrescuesignificanceliquidfeedyourmindorganizationpotentialreadilyseasonalspecialsinjuredDespiteavailablebeavailabletodisplacedaudiencecollectorinspiringapassioncreatureshrinkequipmentlifelonglearningheartbreakingfailtosubstitutecommunityeventsurvivalconnectcomponentgeneroussupportcarriergenerationrequiredsouvenirsafetyartisticslightlyexhibitconstructadvisermilkyoffercalmeddownwidenplasticmenuabsentaccessibletubesnackhomeownerpreservecontaineroptionrecordingappetitefoldPushchairscreamaccomplishpackwheelchairinformationreconsiderfastentechnologyheadedhomeactuallyconstructservenervousdigitalsharpamazingspiritsentertainmentstickaccomplishmentrespondaspectdigachieveactivepresentproductivityindividualaccompanyemotionsheetcorporationC篇gainsecuringvariouskindofinsightedgesB篇asmuchasabstractdirtlocatethenestconcertmusiclosesightangleanchoritinatreemusicianfostercreateadvertisethepresenceofchickstoadultsannualD篇collectInternationalweightdownmaterialbreakdownsucksolarrefreshment從長難句的理解：D篇Next,

covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’scenterdownwitharock.--》What’sthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerialandfalloffintothecup.--》Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatercomeintothecupfrom

.

完形填空，體現(xiàn)在長度縮小了，全國卷長度290-300，江蘇卷在350左右。其它命題沒有區(qū)別。難度的縮小就在于，全國卷要在有限的空間里體現(xiàn)語篇的關(guān)聯(lián)性，考生容易搜索到相關(guān)句。就干擾項(xiàng)而言，對詞匯的考查還是差不多的。再看不同點(diǎn)吧：七選五閱讀：這個(gè)是根據(jù)語篇結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)節(jié)來做題的。一般來說，只要刷題多的話，不難。例如今年的：Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?

36

,

coloristhekeytomakingaroomfeelthewayyouwantittofeel.看準(zhǔn)前面說lookfor，后面說thekey，可以斷定答案：B.Whateveryou’relookingfor。大部分都是這樣的題目，只