高考英語一輪復習提能練十七Unit2Workingtheland含解析

PAGEPAGE7Unit2WorkingthelandⅠ.閱讀理解A(2020·太原市高三年級模擬試題一)TheChineseDoctorWhoBeatthePlague(鼠疫)Inthewinterof1910，Dr.WuLien-tehsteppedoffatraininthenorthernChinesecityofHarbin.Hewastheretosolveamedicalmystery，atgreatpersonalrisk.Overthepastfewmonths，anunknowndiseasehadsweptalongtherailwaysofnortheastChina，killing99.9%ofitsvictims.TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病).WhenDr.WuarrivedinHarbinonDecember24，1910，hecarriedlittleinthewayofmedicalinstrumentsandhadonlyoneassistant.OneofWu'sfirstactsuponarrivalwastosetupspecialquarantine(隔離)unitsandtoorderlockdownstostopinfectedpersonsfromtravelingandspreadingthedisease.Hehadteamscheckhouseholdsforpossiblecases，andevenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911.OfparticularconcernwastheupcomingChineseNewYearholiday，whichhadbecomeagreatannualmigrationofpeopletravelingacrossthecountrytoseetheirfamilies.ThankstoDr.Wu'sefforts，thenumberofplaguevictimsbegantodecrease，andbyMarch1，1911，theepidemicwasfullycontained.Theplagueoutbreakof1910—1911lastednearlyfourmonths，affectedfiveprovincesandsixmajorcities，andaccountedforover60，000deaths.ItisclearthatwithoutthebraveanddecisiveactionstakenbyDr.Wuitcouldhavebeenmuchworse.Hadtheepidemicgoneunchecked，allowingholidayrailpassengerstospreadthediseasetotherestofChinacouldhavemeantacatastrophiclossoflifeandpossiblyaglobalhealthcrisis.InApril1911，Dr.WuchairedanInternationalPlagueConferenceinShenyang，attendedbyscientistsfrom11countriesincludingtheUnitedStates，JapanandFrance.TheypraisedDr.Wuforhishandlingofthe1910—1911outbreak.Foratime，Dr.Wuwastheworld'smostfamousplaguefighter，atitlehedefendedinfightingcholerainChinain1919，andaruturnofplaguein1921.語篇解讀1910年的冬天一種死亡率極高的流行病席卷中國東北，在劍橋受過教育的伍連德醫(yī)生被派去阻止這種流行病，他到達目的地后，采取了諸如設(shè)立專門的隔離病區(qū)、對感染者實行活動限制之類的有效措施，由于伍連德醫(yī)生的努力，鼠疫最終被完全控制。1．WhatwasDr.Wu'smissionin1910?A．Totakepersonalrisks.B．Toendanepidemic.C．Toprovidemedicaleducation.D．Toinvestigatethenumberofvictims.B[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段尾句“TheQingImperialCourthadsenttheCambridge-educatedDr.Wunorthtostoptheepidemic(流行病)”可知，清朝政府派遣在劍橋受過教育的伍醫(yī)生北上，以阻止這種流行病。故B項正確。]2．WhichofDr.Wu'sactsstoppedthediseasefromspreadingnationwide?A．Settingupspecialquarantineunits.B．Carryingmedicalinstrumentswithhim.C．Checkinghouseholdsforpossiblecases.D．Convincingauthoritiestoclosetherailways.D[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“spreadingnationwide”定位至第二段最后兩句中的“evenmanagedtoconvinceauthoritiestocompletelyclosetherailwaysintheearlyweeksof1911...toseetheirfamilies”和第三段最后一句可知，他說服當局在春節(jié)前徹底關(guān)閉鐵路，防止人口通過鐵路流動，從而阻止了鼠疫在全國流行，故D項正確。]3．Whatcanweinferfromthethirdparagraph?A．ThediseaseworsenedafterMarch1，1911.B．60，000peoplewouldhavediedwithoutDr.Wu'sefforts.C．Theworldwassavedfromamajorepidemicin1911.D.Aglobalhealthcrisisfollowedthe1910—1911outbreak.C[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段尾句可知，如果疫情沒有得到控制，允許假期乘坐火車的旅客將疾病傳播到中國其他地方，可能意味著災難性的生命損失，并可能引發(fā)全球健康危機。據(jù)此可以推斷，鼠疫在1911年得到完全控制，有效阻止了其向世界傳播，故C項正確。]4．WhatcanweknowaboutDr.Wufromthelastparagraph?A．Hecontinuedtofightepidemicsafter1911.B．Hewasinfectedwithcholerain1919.C．Hetraveledworldwidehostingconferences.D．Heclaimedtheplaguewouldneverhappenagain.A[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)本文尾句可知，那時伍醫(yī)生是世界上最著名的抗擊鼠疫的人，他在抗擊1919年中國的霍亂和1921年卷土重來的鼠疫中捍衛(wèi)了這一稱號。據(jù)此可推知，在1911年之后，他繼續(xù)卓有成效地抗擊流行病。故A項正確。]B(2020·遼寧省五校協(xié)作體高三模擬)Inalong-sleevedshirtandjeans，DieudonneTwahirwalooksnothinglikethetraditionalAfricanfarmer.The30-year-oldownerofGashoraFarmknowswhatadifferencethatmakes.“Youneedmorerolemodels，”hesaid，standingamongknee-highrowsofchilli(辣椒)plants.“Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers，theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm，othersmaythink，‘Why_can't_I_do_that？’”Mr.Twahirwa，auniversitygraduate，boughtafriend'stomatofarmsixyearsagofor$150.Hemade$1，500backintwomonths.“Youhavetolinkfarmingwithentrepreneurshipandrealnumbers，”hesaid.ManyyoungAfricansareabandoningareasinthecountryside，choosingnottoworkhardandforalongtimeinthefields—ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange.ButTwahirwaisoneofthegrowingbandofsuccessfulfarmersworkingtomakeagriculture'simageonthecontinentmoreattractive.Some1，000farmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown，andexportsfreshanddriedchilliesandoiltoBritain，theUnitedStates，India，andKenya.Africahastheworld'syoungestpopulationand65percentofitsuncultivatedarableland(耕地后備資源).Yetaccessinglandandloansisdifficult，andAfricanproductivityislowwithcropyieldsjust56percentoftheinternationalaverage.“Agricultureismainlyassociatedwithsufferingandnoyoungpersonwantstosuffer，”saidTamaraKaunda.ShebelievesAfricanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold-fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe.“Showyoungpeopletractors，greenfields，niceirrigationsystemsandsmartphones，”shesaid.Gettingyoungpeopleinvolvedinagriculturedoesnotmeantheyhavetoworkonafarm.Forexample，incoffeeproduction，thebeansgofromthefarmtothewashingstation，thentobeseparatedfromthehusks(外殼).語篇解讀非洲青年DieudonneTwahirwa從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，他通過自己的努力，獲得了巨大的回報；非洲有世界上最年輕的人群與大量的耕地后備資源，但是由于氣候與農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的落后，很多年輕人都不愿意從事農(nóng)業(yè)；DieudonneTwahirwa則為非洲青年樹立了榜樣。5．Whatdoes“Whycan'tIdothat？”inParagraph2mean?A．Whycan'tIdrivetothefarm?B．Whycan'ttheyfarm?C．Theyfollowtheexampleofthosefarmers.D．Theyboughtafriend'stomatofarm.C[考查句意理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Ifyouhaveyoungfarmers，theyhavelandandtheydrivetothefarm，othersmaythink，‘Whycan'tIdothat？’”可知，此處表示如果你有年輕的農(nóng)民，他們有土地，而且開車去農(nóng)場，其他人可能會想，為什么“我”不能那樣做？該句意在表明其他人認為他們可以效仿這些農(nóng)民的做法。故選C。]6．Whatmakesitharderforfarmerstowork?A．Poorland. B．Climate.C．Lowincome. D．Longworkinghours.B[考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段“ManyyoungAfricansareabandoningareasinthecountryside...ajobmadetougherbyclimatechange”可知，在非洲，讓農(nóng)民的勞動難度更大的原因在于氣候變化。故選B。]7．WhatcanwelearnaboutTwahirwaaccordingtoParagraph5?A．Hemadeafortunebygrowingchillies.B．Hischilliesaresuperbintheworld.C．Farmersworkingforhimliveasimplelife.D．Thelocalsaren'twillingtobuyhischillies.A[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“Some1，000farmersnowproducechilliesforhim.Heisstartingafourthfarmofhisown”可推知，Twahirwa通過種植紅辣椒賺了很多錢。故選A。B項中的superb意為“質(zhì)量極高的”。]8．WhenitcomestoagricultureinAfrica，whatdopeoplethinkaboutit?A．Loansaredifficult.B．Mostlandisuncultivated.C．Cropyieldsareratherlow.D．Farmingmethodsareoutofdate.D[考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第七段中的“Africanagricultureneedsachangetogetridofitsold-fashionedimageofveryhardandtiringworkwithahoe”可知，非洲農(nóng)業(yè)需要改變，以擺脫其傳統(tǒng)的形象：使用鋤頭的非常辛苦和累人的工作。由此可推知，當談及非洲的農(nóng)業(yè)時，人們想到的是落后的耕作方法。故選D。A、B、C三項均為非洲農(nóng)業(yè)的實際情況，不是人們對其的看法。]Ⅱ.七選五(2021·山東省部分重點中學高三第一次綜合考試)Criticism(批評)isharmfultohealthyrelationships.It'sokaytoexpressdisappointmentifsomeoneisbehavinginawaythathurtsyou.__1__Thefollowingaresomewaystocatchcriticismbeforeitbegins.__2__Beforeyoucriticize，pauseandconsiderwhetheryoureallyneedtosayanythingatall.Ifsomeonedidsomethingtogetonyournerves，wouldyoureallyneedtopointitout？Sometimes，it'sbesttoletsmallrudenessgo.Takeafewdeepbreathsandleavetheroominsteadofcriticizing.Berealistic.Criticalpeopleoftenhaveveryhighexpectationsofthosearoundthem.Yourtendencytocriticizemaycomefromexpectingtoomuchfromothers.Sometimesyoumayfindyourselfconsistentlyannoyedordisappointedwithothers.__3__Separatetheindividualsfromtheiractions.Criticalpeopleoftenfocusonthenegativeaspectsofasituationoraperson，failingtoseegoodqualitiesalongsidenegativeones.Ifyoufindyourselfmakingassumptionsaboutaperson'scharacter，stopyourself.__4__Weallbehavepoorlysometimes，butasingleactionisnotareflectionofthecharacter.Focusonpositives.Oftentimes，beingcriticalresultsfromhowyou'rechoosingtoseeasituation.__5__However，thevastmajorityofpeoplehavegoodqualitiesthatoutweighthebadones.Trytofocusonaperson'spositivequalitiesovertheirnegativeones.A．Nevercriticizeothers.B．Thinkbeforeyouspeak.C．Everyonehasdrawbacksandimperfections.D．Itmaybeagoodideatoadjustyourexpectations.E．Weshouldfocusonotherpeople'sdisappointingactions.F．Trytoseparateadisappointingactionfromthepersondoingtheaction.G．Beingoverlycritical，however，cancausetensioninarelationshipovertime.語篇解讀批評對健康的人際關(guān)系有害，本文介紹了幾種在批評開始前將其攔住的方法。1．G[考查上下文銜接。該空前一句說如果有人的行為傷害了你，表達失望是可以的，空后又表達下面是一些在批評開始前攔住它的方法，空處前后表示語義上的轉(zhuǎn)折，故選G項“然而，過于挑剔會導致一段關(guān)系隨著時間的推移而緊張”。]2．B[考查段落小標題。該空需要填的是本段的小標題，本段的主要內(nèi)容為在批評前需要停下來考慮是否有必要說些什么，故選B。]3．D[考查總結(jié)句。根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容可知，批判性的人往往對周圍的人有很高的期望，批評的傾向可能來自對別人過高的期望，再結(jié)合本段小標題可知，D項“調(diào)整自己的期望值可能是個好辦法”符合語境。]4．F[考查上下文銜接。根據(jù)本段小標題“將個人和他們的行為分開”可知，F(xiàn)項“盡力把一種令人失望的行為和做這種行為的人分開”與小標題呼應，與此處匹配，故選F。]5．C[考查上下文銜接?？蘸筇岬?，然而絕大多數(shù)人的好品質(zhì)多于