美語發(fā)音規(guī)則與技巧(筆記)

美式英中的連讀和讀一、同化同化是兩個音相互作用，導致最后產(chǎn)生另外一個音的現(xiàn)象，這樣可以使句子顯得更流暢。/s/+/j/→/?/如等Iyou我你對的。Iyou.我想念你。/z/+/j/→?Whatyouhere?什風把你刮到這兒來了？Inotgonnaloseyou→/?/如：、等Nicemeet很興見到你二見面就說Niceseeyou.）Whatyou你做什么？/d/+/j/→//如education等（1）Pinned壓你身上了王》中的一句臺詞，聽起來是/?/。這兩個單詞包含的音規(guī)則有弱+化（2）didyoulikeit?你得怎樣？連讀在正常英語口語中，連讀現(xiàn)象比比皆是。有些較短的句子聽起來簡直就像一個單詞，所以學好連是通向流利英語必經(jīng)之路。詞尾輔+詞元音這種連讀最常見也最簡單，把相鄰的兩個單詞想象成一個單詞即可。Ifedwith他讓我煩透。Iveup我意已決。Thatissogross[ɡus].太俗了。Turn合開關，恢復通電juice也電的意思）詞尾元+詞元音A/u////o/結尾的單詞與跟在后面的元音連讀時，兩個元音之間加上一個較輕這樣過渡就會很自然。Justit.盡管去做吧！Itsnowing.下了。tblowit.別砸了。太單了。B如果單詞結尾/i/、/ai/、結尾并與其后的元音連讀，則個元音見帶上一個較弱/j/auntwillcometo姑今天回來看我們。Isayit，butyouback我的不想這個但你借我的錢應該還給我了。不完全爆破發(fā)音方法為一爆破音不發(fā)需做出發(fā)音的姿勢作停頓馬上過渡到下一個音例如，的/就不能發(fā)出聲來，如果讀/’bai/就會得很生硬。(一)爆+爆破音爆破音中任意兩個緊挨在一起，則第個爆破音失去爆破。大家一起來學習下面的例子：

hotdayredcoat

oldpicture

sitdownfootball

cheapbookblackboardWhatarewesupposedto我們該怎么辦？getdownbusiness.我開始說正事。（二）爆破音+摩擦音破擦音outsidegoodfriendsYoupersonoutside.你是秀外慧中。Inotfat,’mboned.我胖，我只是骨架大。（三）爆破音+破擦音lectureFatchanceImgiveyoulast我給你最后一次機會。Good-byetodead-endjob!別，這份沒前的工作?。ㄋ模┍乔槐破浒l(fā)音要領為/t/或/d//同時發(fā)音兩相互作用導致鼻腔爆破最后發(fā)出的音既不是t//也不是單獨的。BritainimportantcertainandIfeellikeIamnotto我覺我對你一點也不重要。IloststudentID我學生證丟了。舌邊爆破mostlyabsolutelybustlingabsolutelyright.你完全正確。Wearefreelast!我們終于自由了！弱讀對于大多數(shù)同學，弱讀是一個很陌生的概念，因為我們的英語老師很少講這個知識，所以大家英語時幾乎對每個英語單詞（除了和a）都采用的了強讀形式?？墒钦嬲f英語時全部都是強讀，則整個句子必然沒有節(jié)奏，沒有婉轉的感覺，枯燥無味。弱讀的一半規(guī)則：元音一次弱化之后主要是變/二次弱化后這個音就消失了；輔音弱化后也消失了。下面介紹常用單詞的弱讀形式單詞arewasheratofforyou

弱讀音標/n//k/r//wz//m///t//t/或t//v///f/y/

瘋狂操練’meareprettygoodfriends.Icana’refromHunan.HowwaswinterKillem.（killhim弱讀為/?kil）blessIlltell‘er.(連讀Atthesametime.Ihaveyouawater?Itkindafunny.kindof)Iwillberightwaitingforyou.ya.tellya.

縮讀大部分的縮讀情況可以理解為弱連讀。如果能夠靈活運用弱讀和縮讀的話，那么你的口語又會更上一層樓了。標準形式becausetknowgoing-ingoutofhad/would

縮讀形式‘/k/dno//g??/gonna/’/gatta/gat/wanna//-in/?一用于進行時)outta/aut/‘‘

實用例句‘CauseItgivedamn.Itknow.five.sIgonnaIgo.Youwithyourlife.你繼續(xù)你自己的生活。Iwannabedifferent.Iwannachangemylife!What’Whatgetouttagreat.那好了。Iveheardsomuchaboutyou.口語要素cansaythat你的沒錯。Givemea別了。Illsay.的確definitely.）Nothingdoing!沒！him叫收手吧。BONUS的讀我們讀英語時每當碰到時一般都會讀/?nd/，殊不知，在美語口語里面and通常只需弱讀為/n/,甚至是個簡單的鼻/。當說話者需要強調時則會把讀/如果能夠掌握好這個發(fā)音規(guī)則，我們的口語將更加流暢，聽力理解也更加暢聽無阻。Strugglenstrifecomebefore成之前必有一番掙扎和競爭。Ihavethroughtimefind我越了時空找到了你。Withoutwillbeblank’沒你，我的生活將暗淡無光。

連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀、濁化——英語常見語流現(xiàn)象連：兩個相鄰單詞首尾音素自然的拼讀在一起，中間不停頓，被稱為連讀。連讀只發(fā)生在同一意群之，即意思聯(lián)系緊密的短語或從句之內。）詞尾輔音+首元音，如：?Not?all.Putiton,please.Pleasepick?it?I'm?an?boy.It?anbook.?alook?it.MsBlackworkedin??Icalledhalf???）詞尾不發(fā)音r或re+詞首元音，詞尾r發(fā)/r/。如：?awayHereisaforHerearefour?eggs.?Whereareyour?They're?andmother.I?it?there.isafootball?aresome注：當有意群進行停頓時不可連讀。如：Is?itora（hat與之不可以連讀）?ainmydesk.（book與之不可以連讀）?EnglishorFrench?（與or之間不可以連讀）meet?eightormorning?（meet與ateight與or之間不可以連讀）and?in.（與之不可以連讀）加：在連貫的語流中，人們往往會在兩個元音之間加入一個外加音幫助發(fā)音，從而更加流暢地表達意。）詞尾元音/詞首元音，在詞尾加上一個輕微的w/如：GowHowwandwhydidcomehere?Thetooweasyforhimanswer.）詞尾元音/,i:/+詞首元音，在詞尾加上一個輕微/j/。如：Ijcarryjit.Ijneedjone.Hejveryfriendly

wantstostudyjIt'lltakeyouthreejwalkthere.失爆破與不完全爆破：）失去爆破：爆破音+破音當兩個爆破音相時，前一個爆破音只按其發(fā)音部位做好發(fā)音口形、形成阻礙，而不爆破出來，稍微停頓后即發(fā)出后面的輔音。前一個爆破音被稱為失去爆破。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體是由于省力原則造成的。如：BigboyWhatmustAskBobtosittookgood）不完全爆破：A爆破+摩擦音爆破音p,b,t,d,k,g/摩擦音/?,,θ,e,r,h/相鄰時，產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。發(fā)摩擦音時，發(fā)音器官并不形成阻礙而只形成一個很狹小的縫隙，讓氣流從縫隙中摩擦而出。如果一個爆破音與摩擦音相接，爆破沖出的氣流只能從狹小的縫隙中通過種爆破是不完全的失爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如：Advance/SuccessAgoodviewOldfriendsJustthroughMakesureinB爆破+破擦音爆破音與破擦音/t,d,tr,dr/相時，產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。如：Picture/ObjectThatchilddreamAfastC）破+鼻輔音爆破音與鼻輔音m,n,相時：在中，不完全爆破；在詞尾，鼻腔爆破。如：Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/Gardennight

Idon’tknowJustAgoodneighborD）破邊輔音爆破音與邊輔音/l/相時詞中完全爆破詞尾側爆破Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyAbitI’dliketoStraightluckAtlastAtlunch同：人們在說話的時往往會不自覺地讓一個音受相鄰音的影響它們變得與其相同或相似或者兩個互相影響，變?yōu)榈谌齻€音。這兩種現(xiàn)象被稱為音的同化。同化可以發(fā)生在同一個詞、復合詞內或句子相鄰詞之間。）因聲帶的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A濁輔音可變?yōu)榍遢o音，如of(→f，z→s，with(→θpleasure。B清輔音可變?yōu)闈彷o音，如like(→g。）因發(fā)音部位的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A/t/+/j/→/t?/如：thurtyourself!I’llyougothistthatItveryniceyou.B/d/+/j/?。如：DidyoursisterWouldcomeyouthisformeplease?didntlikeEnglish,didC）/s/+/j/?/如：Iyou.blessWewillD）→/?/。如：HeresIyoubecauseyouareyou.Don’ttellstruth.?。涸诳焖?、隨便的言語中，一些音素被省略掉，被稱為省音。省音能提高語速，使說話省力。在正場合和語速慢的情況下，省音不是必須的。）同一單詞內元音的省略，主要是非重讀音節(jié)中?/和?，如：ord(i)n(a)ry

）當前一單詞以輔音結尾，后一單詞/開頭時，常被省略，如：。）當前一單詞以否定形-n't尾，后一單詞以輔音開頭時，/t/常被忽略，如：isn'(t)Ididn’you.Hecan(t)that.）任何一個輔音，若后面緊跟/h/，可以不發(fā)音。如：Come(h)ere!Must(h)e/ti/go?Whatwill(h)eHas(h)eitbefore?Tell(h)imtoask）將多個單詞利用連讀爆破等拼和在一起。如：to)gonna(goingto)kinda(kindof)gimme(giveme)強式和弱讀式：在一個句子，有些詞說得又輕又快，而且較為含糊，有些詞則說得又重又慢，而且較為清晰。那說得響亮而清晰的詞就是句子重音所在。實詞（包括名詞、實義動詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞疑問詞）一般都接受句子重音，為重讀詞，采用強讀式；虛詞（包括介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、助動詞、態(tài)動詞等功能詞）一般都不接受句子重音，為非重讀詞，采用弱讀式。6.1一規(guī)：）弱讀式只出現(xiàn)在句子的非重讀詞中。如Pass?/the/e/book.methe弱讀。）單詞單獨出現(xiàn)或在句首或句尾時，都采用強讀式。如youlistening）被特別強調的詞，無論實詞還是虛詞都采用強讀式。如Iam/?m/我是皮特。6.2虛弱規(guī)律：）長音變短音，如：she/i:/弱/?/。）元音前面的輔音被省略，如?m/弱讀/m/）輔音前面的元音被省略，如弱/m/）元音一般弱讀//如：can/k?n/弱/kn/）部分虛詞有多種弱讀式，如would/w?弱/。濁：）/s/后面的清輔音要濁化。如/k/濁化成/scar/school/discussion/t/濁化成d/:/p/濁化成/b/:spring/spirit/expression）美音中，/t/現(xiàn)在兩個元音之間并且處于非重讀位置的時候/t/需要濁化成一個近似/d/的音這樣，writer聽來和rider的音幾乎沒有區(qū)別。如：Iit.

Wouldpickit注：/t/如果處于重讀位置的話，即使在兩個元音之間也需要濁化。請比較：清晰的t/濁的/t/I'talian'ItalyLa'tino'Latinpho'tographer'photograph）美音中，/t/面是一個元音，后面是一個模糊/l/，且處于非重讀位/t/需要濁化成一個近似于/d/的音如：美中，/t/面是一個清輔音或前鼻/n/，后是一個元音，且處于非重讀位置/t/也需要濁化成一個近似/的。如：朗讀練習：Therethingswhenyoulookingforhouse,whetherintendtobuyoronlyAfterall,itbeyourforlongandwanthappywithYouwhatofwant,muchandthetypeofeighborhoodtolivein.’salwayseasyforgetabove,becauseit’smostprobablythatyou’llinlovewiththehouseforsalethesight.YouthYouthisoflife;itisaitofrosycheeks,redlipssuppleknees;itisofthewill,aqualityimagination,vigorofemotions;itisthefreshnessspringsoflife.Youthcourageovertimidity,offorinsixtymoreboyofNobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.WegrowoldourYearswrinkleskin,butgiveupwrinklessoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheandturnsdust.Whethersixtythereisineveryhumanbeing'sthewonder,theunfailingfornext,andjoyofofyourandmyheartisasolongasitmessagescourageandpowerfrommenandtheInfinite,longareyoutheaerialsdown,spiritwithsnowsofcynicismandthepessimism,youareold,evenatasaerialsup,catchtheoptimism,ishopeyouyoung

美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第1WelcometoDailyontipisdistinguishing“can“cannot”inspoken“Cannotusuallycontractedto“can't”.SomanylearnersofEnglishassumethatinordertodistinguishbetween“canand“can'tonemustlistenforthefinal“tsoundAndwhenspeaking,mustpronouncefinal‘t’sound/t/clearly.However,thisisinfacthownativespeakersdistinguish“can“can'tPeoplenot`candriveabutIcan’tamotorcycle.Peoplesay‘Ican`driveabutI`can'tdriveamotorcycle.’Thedifference“can“can'tinstress.“Can”isnotstressed,theverbafteris.“Can'tstressed.verbafternot.Alsosince’notstressed,vowelisreducedtoso”actuallypronounced”.Listenanotherexample.“I`can'tgoSaturday,Ican`goonSunday.”hearthe't'sound?Didyounoticethedifferencewordsbeingstressed?Listeningagain.“I`can'tgoonSaturday,butIcan`goonSunday.”youtosomeoneissayingcanordosomething,belisteningforastressed“can'toraverbstressed“can”.doesthismean?“Ican`speakJapanese,butI`can'tspeakTaiwanese.That'sIcanspeakJapanese,butITaiwanese.areitveryimportantyoufollowthisruletoo.WhenlearnersofEnglishIyou,nativespeakerswhatmeantimproperstress.Soyoucanstress“can't”,but`can't“canThishastoday'stiplearningintomorrowfortip.美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第2toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsyllableaffectthemeaningofwords.stressedareandareunstressedsyllablessoftly,andoftenhavevowelsoundsthisdifferencecanbebetweenaoranThereatleastinwhichsyllablethisdifference.Someinclude`addict,Eachtimetheisstressed,wordisaWhenthefirststressed,thewordiseitheraoradjective.Let’slooksomemore`Permit,per`mit,a`permitaitispieceofwhichauthorizesyoudofishing`permityougoPer`mitisaverb.Ittoallow.Forinstence,fishingisnper`mittedwithouta`permit.is`perfect,per`fect.`Perfectadjective.ItmeansnoorTheisper`fect,ittomakesomethingperfect.Forexample,“Iwanttoper`fectmyEnglishmeanstomakeEnglishperfectsurestressrightsyllable.Itbethedifferecebetweendifferentpartsofspeech.ThishasbeentodaydailyTilltomorrow,fornothertiponlearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第3（清濁輔音結尾對元音的影響）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.Today’stipisondifferentvowellengthsareusedtowordsinvoicedvoicelessconsonants.Lettakeanexample.There’ssomethingineyes.’ssomethinginmyice.lastwordsinexamples,eyesicedifferin2ways.Onedifferencethewordeyesendwiththesound“z”,iceendwiththe“sTheotherdifferencethepronunciationofand”thevowelsound“ai”ispronounced.Intheword“eyes”,longer.Intheword“ice”,itisveryshort.totheexamplesagain,andnotefinalconsonantsoundasinlengthofthevowel.There’ssomethinginmyeyes.There’ssomethinginmyice.Listenagain.There’ssomethinginmyeyes.There’ssomethinginmyice.Listentosomeotherexamplesofwordsthatare

identicalexceptforthefinalconsonantsthevowellength.Cap,cab,plate,played,seat,seed.tipistomoreattentiontolengthofasveryimportantindistinguishingsomewords.Tillthen,toanothertiplearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第4（連音）todailytipsonlearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.AlthoughinwrittenEnglish,there’respaceseveryword,inspokenEnglishthere’realwaysnever(1)pauseswords.orderspokenEnglish,itistolinkingdone.Todaylet’s(3)concentrateonlinkingsituation.Wheneverawordinsoundisfollowedbyabeginningwithalinkedtovowelsoundiftheyweresameword.Letlookatsomeexamples.likeanotherbowlofrice,please.First,notethatalthoughthere’resixwordsinsentence,allwordsarelinkedwithoutListen.likeanotherbowlofrice,please.Nowlistenthewords“l(fā)ikeand“anotherarelinked.“Likeanother”,another“Like”endsinaconsonantsound,“another”beginswithavowelsound.Sothe“k“l(fā)ikelinkedtothe“a“anothertoproduce“kanother”.Listentheexamplesentenceagain.I’dlikeanotherofrice,thereisanotherofaconsonantbeingAbowlof,abowl-of.soundslikethatyou’resayingtheword“l(fā)ove”.Hereanotherexample.’dlovebowlofrice.I’dloveofrice.ThislinkingprobablythebiggestforlearnersofEnglishwhentryunderstandnativespeaker’stalking.talkmorelinkinginfuturedailytips,anextremelyimportfeaturespokenEnglish.’stipistolinkconsonantstowhichcomeafterthem.Tillthen,fortip.美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第5（“h音的略讀）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.thatalthoughwrittenEnglishhasspacesbetweeneveryword,spokenEnglishdoesnhaveaftereveryword.Asmatteroffact,stringsofarealllinkeditthislinking,oftenmakesitdifficultforlearnersofEnglishtounderstandnativespeakertalking.Today’stipisnoticehowthe“h”soundisoftendroppedinpersonalpronounssuchas“he”,“him”,“his”and“her”.whenitisleftavowelsound,andvowelsoundistotheprecedingword.Letlookatanexample.Giveherabook.erbook.Noticethe”isdropped“giveher”becomeer”.ookatanotherexample.TellaskTell-imask-er.Didyounotice“tellhimbecame“tell-”and“askher”became“asker”?ThishappensveryfrequentlyinspokenEnglish,especiallywhen“he”followsanauxiliaryForexample,will”-i”“Wherewillhego?”becomes“Where-go?willhe”willi”willhe”becomeswill-i”willheknow?becomes“Howwilliknow?”“Hashe”as-”“Haddonebefore?”becomes“Hadiitbefore?“Mustgo?-go?“Canhedo”becomes“Can-doit?“Shouldheleave?”becomes“Should-Ileave?”it’simportanttoaccustomyourselftodroppedsoundinsoundlinking.ThishasbeentodaydailyTuneinfortiponlearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第6（輔音連續(xù)）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.orsimilararearow,soundsarepronounced.Forexample,stopPeter.“stop”endsinthesound“pand“Peter”beginsinthesameTogetherwordsarelinked-peterwordsarenpronouncedPnounceidenticalsoundsoneanother,wouldsoundlikesmoothly.notidenticalsoundssuchasvoicedandvoicelesspairsofconsonantsarelinkedthisway.Forexample,it’sabig

cake.“big”beginsinsound“g”,cakebeginswithsound“k”.“k“gdifferthat“kvoicelessvoiced.aretoeachotherinaphraselinkedsmoothlynotaspiratingorpronouncingtheofthe2sounds.ListencarefullyasIreadtheexampleagain.’sabigcake.Noticehowthefirstsound”isnotreleased.Ifthepairsoundsisreversed,likein“Ilikegoats.itisthe“ksoundwhichisnotpronounced.Listenclosely.likegoats.Ilikegoats.There’re8pairsofconsonantsthatdifferonlyinthepresencelackofvocalcordvibration.ListenasIgivesoundlinkingforv,f:IloveFrance.δ,θ:’sbathethreetimes.:SheSusan.з,garageshouldbecleaned.dHehasahugechin.:Putthecapbackon.ttoldme.k,:IlikeGavin.(?IttoincludethisofsoundinyourifyouachieveItimportanttoofthislinkinghowspokensounds.Otherwisenotunderstandnativespeakerspeech.Thishasbeentoday’sdailytip.Tuneintomorrowforanotheronlearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第7（冠詞a）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.Today’stipisonusingoromittingtheEnglisharticle“acorrectly.There’snosinglerulethatexplainshowtochoosewhetheryoushoulduse“ause“the”ornotuseanyarticleall.ometimesthere’sonlyonecorrectchoice,andinothercases,differentchoiceschangethemeaningofthesentence.Todayletdiscussthemostfrequentlyoccurringdifferencesbetweenusingthearticle”usingnoarticle.AllEnglishnounscanbeclasses:areareItofanounasitisinasentencedetermineswhetheritisuncountable.Forinstance,thesentence“Shehaslonghair.”,“hair”isuinthe“There’sahairinmysoup.”haircountable.Thiscancreatesomeinterestingmistakes.Forexample,“Ilike”doesnotmean我歡狗thatshouldbe“Idogs.yousaylikedog”,thatmeansyoulikeeatdogmeat.yousay“Iateahamburgerthatmeans我吃了一個,butyousay“Iatehamburgerthatmeansaterawbeef.Ifyousay“Iacake’,youatewholecake,whichisunlikely.Youshouldsaid,“Iatecakeitcake.Noticehowtheuseofthearticle“ameansthatthenounprecedesiscountable,andthereforeyou’retalkingaboutawholeone,anentireone.Ifyouomitthearticle“a”,thenthatyoucancounttheitprecedes,thereforearepieceaquantitySopaycarefulwhethernounsbeingusedauncountablemeaning,andbesuretouseoromitthearticle“aaccordingly.Thishasbeentodaydailytip.Tuneintomorrowforanothertiponlearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第8（冠詞的用法與讀音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonusingthearticles“a”,“an“the”correctly.studentofEnglishmyinstruggleswithEnglishTheypartsoflearningEnglish.all,Idothis.speakers.Whenyoulisten,listencarefully,sincethearticles“a”arealmostneveremphasized,notstandoutprominentlyinspeech,butthey’repronounced.willhavetotrainyourearssothatyouwill

recognizesoundscertainarearticles,andmeaninglessAlso,inthehabitofpronouncingarticlesinthewayspeakersdo.soundsprecede.instance,ofand“theboy”asoneListentothisshortsentence.Theboylikesthegirl.Sayitnaturally,boylikesthegirl.thearticlesarejustsoundslinkedexample.apenaintheclassroom.Sayitnaturally,therepenaintheclassroom.Didyounoticehowallthesounds,linkedtogether?Thearticle“anisusedbeforenounsbeginningwithvowelsound,suchas“anappleNoticethe”soundislinkedthewordwhichfollowsnoticethatwordsthatspelledwithletter”inthesuchas“hour”alsousethearticle“an”becausethe”isnpronounced.Sowesay,-our”,“ahourAndwordsspelledwithletter“u”inthebeginningsuchas“unicycleusethearticle”becausethesoundisthe“ysound”.Soweaunicycle,an’salsoimportantnotethatthepronunciationofthearticle“thechangesto“δi”beforebeginningwithavowelsound.Sowesay“δi:”elevator,notδ”elevator.tipis,dobeheadlines,advertisementsandtitlesofforth.whichininbothwrittenEnglish.Knowingtouse“awhenuse“thewhentoanyarticleatallisundoubtablylearningWranothertiplearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第9（句子中的重音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonwordstresssentences.Ingeneral,itthatarestressedfunctionarestressed.ContentwordsusuallytheofthemakethesentenceContentwordsare:nouns,mainverbs,adjectives,adverbs,this,these,those,and“wh-words,what,when,why,how,which.Functionwordsare:articles,suchas“a”and“thepossadjectives,suchas“his”,”,“your”;prepositions,suchas“in“on”,“of”;conjunctions,suchas“and“butpersonalpronouns,suchas“I”,“he“shethe“beverb,”,“are“was“wereauxiliaries,such”,“does“did”.Takeforexamplethesentence“Andrewbrusheshisteetheverymorning.”Thecontentwordalonecanconveytheofthesentence,brushesteetheverymorning.functional“his”thesentencegrammaticallycorrect.“his”isunstressed,theotherwordsarestressed.Whyisn“his”stressed?ofcoursebrusheshisnotteeth,orteeth.wewouldnaturallyassume.however,Andrewbrushessomeoneelse’steethbesidehisown,itwouldveryimportantknowthatstressingwhosehewhatbeThesimpleanswerwordstothemeaningaretryingifsomeonewriteontheboardoutofcontextandasks,“Whichareimportant?Whichwordsshouldyoustress?”Youshouldanswer,“Thatdependsonthecontext.Stressisletknowtomessage.Ifproperly,yourwillhaveaneasymessage.IfeverywordyourwilltoverycarefullyandtrythemainofyourIfyourwrongwords,thelistenerwillmessageorfeelveryconfused.rememberstresstheimportantmassage.ThishastodaydailyTunetomorrowforanotheronlearningEnglish.美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第10期斷句）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontheuseofpausesinEnglishspeech.AlthoughwrittenEnglishhasspacesbetweeneveryword,Englishdoesn’thavepausesbetweeneachword,wordsarelinkedtogether.peoplenormallyspeakwithoutpausingall.We

pauseinWhileinthereperiods,wealsopauselongsentenceswithoutpunctuationmarks.Let’slookatsomeexamples.mothertotheradioinevening.Thissentencebesaidwithoutpausing,becauseitisnlong.ButifIweretopause,wouldsay,mother/listensthetheevening.”Why?pausescomethoughtgroups----groupsofonethought.Forexample,“ineveningathoughtgroup.Letthesentencelonger.listenstheradiointheevening,playstennisinintheNowitisnecessarythesentenceverylong.Pausescomebetweengroups,andlistenershear.Listensentenceagain.Mytotheintennisintheandcleansinthemorning.Ifyoupauseinthewrongplaces,listenerswillhaveorganizinginformation.Listenreadagainwithpausing.motherradioin/theplaysin/thecleansthe/inthemorning.Nowthesentencealmostimpossibletounderstand,rememberpausebetweenthoughtgroups,tohelplistenerseasilyorganizewhattheyThishastoday'stiplearningintomorrowfortiponlearning美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第11期定語從句前的停）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontopausesbeforeadjectiveclauses.Lettakeanexample.thesentence“MysisterwholivesinSanFranciscoisadoctortheadjectiveclauseis“wholivesFrancisco”.Itdescribes“sisterThere’snopausebeforetheadjectiveclause.So,itmeansthatIhavemorethansister,andthelivesinSanFranciscoisdoctor.Thereapauseafteranadjectiveclausebecauseitasentence.therebenointhegroupofsisterwholivesinSanFrancisco”.Becausethisisideaorthoughtgroup.Listenthesentenceagain.“MysisterwholivesinSanFranciscoisadoctor.Thesamewordsusedinthatsentencehaveadifferentmeaningthereabeforetheadjectiveclause“whoinSanFrancisco”.Listentonewsentence.“Mysister,wholivesinSanFrancisco,isadoctor.Nowthere’sapausebefore,andaadjectiveinwriting,thereiscommabeforeacommaadjectiveclause.ThissentencemeansthatIonlyoneSheisabythelivesinFrmationconveyedbywholivesinSanistounderstandwhomIamtalkingabout,IonlyhaveoneIjustitinpassing.Ifyousay,“Mygirlfrienddrivesagooddancer.You’resayingthatmorethanonegirlfriend.“MyisverygenerousaraiseeveryyearIhavemorethanoneboss.“HawaiiisanislandinthePacificisapoplartouristspot”meansthereanothernotthePacific.Soadjectiveonlyittosomethingorsomeoneofwhichthereonlyone.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第12期問句的語調）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontheintonationofstions.thatintonationtherisingandfallingofthepitchofvoice.So“she’shere.astatement,but“she’shere?aquestion.ittruequestionsrisingintonation.Today,’sjustlookintonatiofthreetypesofquestions:questions,”questionschoicequestions.“Yes/Noquestionsarisingintonation.-”qusetionshaveaintonation.Andchoicequestionsforeverychoicethewhichhasfallingintonation.“Yes/Noquestionssuchas“DoyoulikeTaiwan?“CanspeakChinese?”risingintonation.Thelistenermustanswereither“yes”or”.”questionsstartwiththewords“who”,“where”,“when”why”,”and“how”.-questionshaveafallingtone.Forexample,“Whattimeis↘”“Wheredoyoulive?↘“Whattimeit?↗“Wheredoyoulive?↗Inchoicequestions,the

listenerisexpectedtochooseoneitemfromseveral.Forexample,“Wouldyoulikejuice,Coke,Teacoffee?Atoneisusedforeverychoiceeptlast,whichfallingtone.example.“Doyoulikebasketball,baseball,soccerfootball?”.Sorememberthat“Yes/No”questions,“Wh”questions,andchoicequestionhavedifferentintonationpatterns,andmakesuretointonthemproperly.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第13期是是NO）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonanswering“Yes/No”questionscorrectly.InEnglish,“Yes”isalwaysfollowedbyaffirmativestatements.“No”alwaysfollowedbynegativestatements.Thismeanscan’tsay,“Yes,Ihaven’teatendinneryet.Ordidwork.Chineseallowsthis,Englishdoesnot.’redifferentkinds“Yes/Noquestions.“Yes/Noquestionssuchas“DoyouEnglish?”youhungry?”posenoproblem.Butnegativequestionsas“DonspeakEnglish?”“Aren’tyouhungry?”requireanswers.“Yes,do.Idon”or“Yes,Iam.“No,I’mnot.”ChineselearnersofEnglishareoftenmisledbynegativequestions,answer,“Yes,IdonspeakEnglish.”O(jiān)r“Yes,’mnothungry.”byaccident.Anothertypeof”questionsistorisingintonationwithastatement.example,youaskChineseperson,youeatdinner?says,“No,Ididn’t.”You’resurprised,soyouask,didndinner?answers,“Yes.insteadof“NoDon’tuse”tomean是”shouldsay,’scorrect.”Intheexampleabove,”“Yes,Iatedinner.“Correct,didn’tdinner.Let’slookatanotherexample.thinkthatallChinesepeoplelikerice.whenfriendmenevereatsrice,Iverysurprised,andIask,“You’tliketorice?answers,“Yes.Thisiswrong.BecauseinEnglish,youcansay,“Yes,Idon’tliketoeatrice.”Heshouldanswer,“No.or’scorrect.”Soremember,”mustbfollowedbyaffirmativestatements,and“Nofollowedbynegativestatements.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第14期“t的發(fā)音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonthepronunciationofletter“tOfcoursetheletter“tisusuallypounced“t”.Butyouhavenoticedthatinfluentspeech,nativespeakersthe“tas”.Thathappenswhenthe“tcomesbetweentwovoicedsounds.DoyouknowwhatsoundsEnglisharevoiced?Well,there’re15voicedconsonantsoundsinEnglish.b,d,m,,δ,l,r,з,з,j,w.Also,allvoweldiphthongsoundsinEnglisharevoiced.’slookatsomeexamplesofinthemaybepronounced“d”.No.1“matter“matter”isoftenpronounced“maderin“Whatthe”No.2”.“atom”isoftenpronounced”in“TheatombombdroppedonHiroshima.No.3“twenty“twentyoftenpronounced“twendiin“Thatwillbetwentydollars,please.”No.4“l(fā)ittle“l(fā)ittleoftenpronounced“l(fā)iddle”asin“Hegotaangry.”No.5“city“cityoftenpronounced“cidiin“Didgrowuptheorthecountry?No.6“butter“butteroftenpronounced“buderin“Passthebutter,please.”peoplespeakslowlyoremphatically,however,theyusuallypronouncelike“t”,like“dAlso,”doesnotsoundlikeitcomesbeforestressedasin“return”.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美語聽力與發(fā)音技巧第15期助動詞的強調）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontostressauxiliaryverbs.notaverb,stresstheauxiliaryverb.Andtherenoauxiliaryverb,weone.Theseemphatic

Forexample,comparethese