美語(yǔ)發(fā)音規(guī)則與技巧(筆記)

美式英中的連讀和讀一、同化同化是兩個(gè)音相互作用，導(dǎo)致最后產(chǎn)生另外一個(gè)音的現(xiàn)象，這樣可以使句子顯得更流暢。/s/+/j/→/?/如等Iyou我你對(duì)的。Iyou.我想念你。/z/+/j/→?Whatyouhere?什風(fēng)把你刮到這兒來(lái)了？Inotgonnaloseyou→/?/如：、等Nicemeet很興見(jiàn)到你二見(jiàn)面就說(shuō)Niceseeyou.）Whatyou你做什么？/d/+/j/→//如education等（1）Pinned壓你身上了王》中的一句臺(tái)詞，聽(tīng)起來(lái)是/?/。這兩個(gè)單詞包含的音規(guī)則有弱+化（2）didyoulikeit?你得怎樣？連讀在正常英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)中，連讀現(xiàn)象比比皆是。有些較短的句子聽(tīng)起來(lái)簡(jiǎn)直就像一個(gè)單詞，所以學(xué)好連是通向流利英語(yǔ)必經(jīng)之路。詞尾輔+詞元音這種連讀最常見(jiàn)也最簡(jiǎn)單，把相鄰的兩個(gè)單詞想象成一個(gè)單詞即可。Ifedwith他讓我煩透。Iveup我意已決。Thatissogross[ɡus].太俗了。Turn合開(kāi)關(guān)，恢復(fù)通電juice也電的意思）詞尾元+詞元音A/u////o/結(jié)尾的單詞與跟在后面的元音連讀時(shí)，兩個(gè)元音之間加上一個(gè)較輕這樣過(guò)渡就會(huì)很自然。Justit.盡管去做吧！Itsnowing.下了。tblowit.別砸了。太單了。B如果單詞結(jié)尾/i/、/ai/、結(jié)尾并與其后的元音連讀，則個(gè)元音見(jiàn)帶上一個(gè)較弱/j/auntwillcometo姑今天回來(lái)看我們。Isayit，butyouback我的不想這個(gè)但你借我的錢(qián)應(yīng)該還給我了。不完全爆破發(fā)音方法為一爆破音不發(fā)需做出發(fā)音的姿勢(shì)作停頓馬上過(guò)渡到下一個(gè)音例如，的/就不能發(fā)出聲來(lái)，如果讀/’bai/就會(huì)得很生硬。(一)爆+爆破音爆破音中任意兩個(gè)緊挨在一起，則第個(gè)爆破音失去爆破。大家一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)下面的例子：

hotdayredcoat

oldpicture

sitdownfootball

cheapbookblackboardWhatarewesupposedto我們?cè)撛趺崔k？getdownbusiness.我開(kāi)始說(shuō)正事。（二）爆破音+摩擦音破擦音outsidegoodfriendsYoupersonoutside.你是秀外慧中。Inotfat,’mboned.我胖，我只是骨架大。（三）爆破音+破擦音lectureFatchanceImgiveyoulast我給你最后一次機(jī)會(huì)。Good-byetodead-endjob!別，這份沒(méi)前的工作！（四）鼻腔爆破其發(fā)音要領(lǐng)為/t/或/d//同時(shí)發(fā)音兩相互作用導(dǎo)致鼻腔爆破最后發(fā)出的音既不是t//也不是單獨(dú)的。BritainimportantcertainandIfeellikeIamnotto我覺(jué)我對(duì)你一點(diǎn)也不重要。IloststudentID我學(xué)生證丟了。舌邊爆破mostlyabsolutelybustlingabsolutelyright.你完全正確。Wearefreelast!我們終于自由了！弱讀對(duì)于大多數(shù)同學(xué)，弱讀是一個(gè)很陌生的概念，因?yàn)槲覀兊挠⒄Z(yǔ)老師很少講這個(gè)知識(shí)，所以大家英語(yǔ)時(shí)幾乎對(duì)每個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞（除了和a）都采用的了強(qiáng)讀形式?？墒钦嬲f(shuō)英語(yǔ)時(shí)全部都是強(qiáng)讀，則整個(gè)句子必然沒(méi)有節(jié)奏，沒(méi)有婉轉(zhuǎn)的感覺(jué)，枯燥無(wú)味。弱讀的一半規(guī)則：元音一次弱化之后主要是變/二次弱化后這個(gè)音就消失了；輔音弱化后也消失了。下面介紹常用單詞的弱讀形式單詞arewasheratofforyou

弱讀音標(biāo)/n//k/r//wz//m///t//t/或t//v///f/y/

瘋狂操練’meareprettygoodfriends.Icana’refromHunan.HowwaswinterKillem.（killhim弱讀為/?kil）blessIlltell‘er.(連讀Atthesametime.Ihaveyouawater?Itkindafunny.kindof)Iwillberightwaitingforyou.ya.tellya.

縮讀大部分的縮讀情況可以理解為弱連讀。如果能夠靈活運(yùn)用弱讀和縮讀的話(huà)，那么你的口語(yǔ)又會(huì)更上一層樓了。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式becausetknowgoing-ingoutofhad/would

縮讀形式‘/k/dno//g??/gonna/’/gatta/gat/wanna//-in/?一用于進(jìn)行時(shí))outta/aut/‘‘

實(shí)用例句‘CauseItgivedamn.Itknow.five.sIgonnaIgo.Youwithyourlife.你繼續(xù)你自己的生活。Iwannabedifferent.Iwannachangemylife!What’Whatgetouttagreat.那好了。Iveheardsomuchaboutyou.口語(yǔ)要素cansaythat你的沒(méi)錯(cuò)。Givemea別了。Illsay.的確definitely.）Nothingdoing!沒(méi)！him叫收手吧。BONUS的讀我們讀英語(yǔ)時(shí)每當(dāng)碰到時(shí)一般都會(huì)讀/?nd/，殊不知，在美語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)里面and通常只需弱讀為/n/,甚至是個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的鼻/。當(dāng)說(shuō)話(huà)者需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)則會(huì)把讀/如果能夠掌握好這個(gè)發(fā)音規(guī)則，我們的口語(yǔ)將更加流暢，聽(tīng)力理解也更加暢聽(tīng)無(wú)阻。Strugglenstrifecomebefore成之前必有一番掙扎和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。Ihavethroughtimefind我越了時(shí)空找到了你。Withoutwillbeblank’沒(méi)你，我的生活將暗淡無(wú)光。

連讀、加音、爆破、同化、省音、弱讀、濁化——英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)語(yǔ)流現(xiàn)象連：兩個(gè)相鄰單詞首尾音素自然的拼讀在一起，中間不停頓，被稱(chēng)為連讀。連讀只發(fā)生在同一意群之，即意思聯(lián)系緊密的短語(yǔ)或從句之內(nèi)。）詞尾輔音+首元音，如：?Not?all.Putiton,please.Pleasepick?it?I'm?an?boy.It?anbook.?alook?it.MsBlackworkedin??Icalledhalf???）詞尾不發(fā)音r或re+詞首元音，詞尾r發(fā)/r/。如：?awayHereisaforHerearefour?eggs.?Whereareyour?They're?andmother.I?it?there.isafootball?aresome注：當(dāng)有意群進(jìn)行停頓時(shí)不可連讀。如：Is?itora（hat與之不可以連讀）?ainmydesk.（book與之不可以連讀）?EnglishorFrench?（與or之間不可以連讀）meet?eightormorning?（meet與ateight與or之間不可以連讀）and?in.（與之不可以連讀）加：在連貫的語(yǔ)流中，人們往往會(huì)在兩個(gè)元音之間加入一個(gè)外加音幫助發(fā)音，從而更加流暢地表達(dá)意。）詞尾元音/詞首元音，在詞尾加上一個(gè)輕微的w/如：GowHowwandwhydidcomehere?Thetooweasyforhimanswer.）詞尾元音/,i:/+詞首元音，在詞尾加上一個(gè)輕微/j/。如：Ijcarryjit.Ijneedjone.Hejveryfriendly

wantstostudyjIt'lltakeyouthreejwalkthere.失爆破與不完全爆破：）失去爆破：爆破音+破音當(dāng)兩個(gè)爆破音相時(shí)，前一個(gè)爆破音只按其發(fā)音部位做好發(fā)音口形、形成阻礙，而不爆破出來(lái)，稍微停頓后即發(fā)出后面的輔音。前一個(gè)爆破音被稱(chēng)為失去爆破。失去爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體是由于省力原則造成的。如：BigboyWhatmustAskBobtosittookgood）不完全爆破：A爆破+摩擦音爆破音p,b,t,d,k,g/摩擦音/?,,θ,e,r,h/相鄰時(shí)，產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。發(fā)摩擦音時(shí)，發(fā)音器官并不形成阻礙而只形成一個(gè)很狹小的縫隙，讓氣流從縫隙中摩擦而出。如果一個(gè)爆破音與摩擦音相接，爆破沖出的氣流只能從狹小的縫隙中通過(guò)種爆破是不完全的失爆破產(chǎn)生的原因大體上是由于省力原則造成的。如：Advance/SuccessAgoodviewOldfriendsJustthroughMakesureinB爆破+破擦音爆破音與破擦音/t,d,tr,dr/相時(shí)，產(chǎn)生不完全爆破。如：Picture/ObjectThatchilddreamAfastC）破+鼻輔音爆破音與鼻輔音m,n,相時(shí)：在中，不完全爆破；在詞尾，鼻腔爆破。如：Utmost/Admit/Midnight/Certain/Button/Gardennight

Idon’tknowJustAgoodneighborD）破邊輔音爆破音與邊輔音/l/相時(shí)詞中完全爆破詞尾側(cè)爆破Lately/Badly/Mostly/FriendlyAbitI’dliketoStraightluckAtlastAtlunch同：人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話(huà)的時(shí)往往會(huì)不自覺(jué)地讓一個(gè)音受相鄰音的影響它們變得與其相同或相似或者兩個(gè)互相影響，變?yōu)榈谌齻€(gè)音。這兩種現(xiàn)象被稱(chēng)為音的同化。同化可以發(fā)生在同一個(gè)詞、復(fù)合詞內(nèi)或句子相鄰詞之間。）因聲帶的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A濁輔音可變?yōu)榍遢o音，如of(→f，z→s，with(→θpleasure。B清輔音可變?yōu)闈彷o音，如like(→g。）因發(fā)音部位的影響而發(fā)生的同化：A/t/+/j/→/t?/如：thurtyourself!I’llyougothistthatItveryniceyou.B/d/+/j/?。如：DidyoursisterWouldcomeyouthisformeplease?didntlikeEnglish,didC）/s/+/j/?/如：Iyou.blessWewillD）→/?/。如：HeresIyoubecauseyouareyou.Don’ttellstruth.?。涸诳焖?、隨便的言語(yǔ)中，一些音素被省略掉，被稱(chēng)為省音。省音能提高語(yǔ)速，使說(shuō)話(huà)省力。在正場(chǎng)合和語(yǔ)速慢的情況下，省音不是必須的。）同一單詞內(nèi)元音的省略，主要是非重讀音節(jié)中?/和?，如：ord(i)n(a)ry

）當(dāng)前一單詞以輔音結(jié)尾，后一單詞/開(kāi)頭時(shí)，常被省略，如：。）當(dāng)前一單詞以否定形-n't尾，后一單詞以輔音開(kāi)頭時(shí)，/t/常被忽略，如：isn'(t)Ididn’you.Hecan(t)that.）任何一個(gè)輔音，若后面緊跟/h/，可以不發(fā)音。如：Come(h)ere!Must(h)e/ti/go?Whatwill(h)eHas(h)eitbefore?Tell(h)imtoask）將多個(gè)單詞利用連讀爆破等拼和在一起。如：to)gonna(goingto)kinda(kindof)gimme(giveme)強(qiáng)式和弱讀式：在一個(gè)句子，有些詞說(shuō)得又輕又快，而且較為含糊，有些詞則說(shuō)得又重又慢，而且較為清晰。那說(shuō)得響亮而清晰的詞就是句子重音所在。實(shí)詞（包括名詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞疑問(wèn)詞）一般都接受句子重音，為重讀詞，采用強(qiáng)讀式；虛詞（包括介詞、代詞、連詞、冠詞、助動(dòng)詞、態(tài)動(dòng)詞等功能詞）一般都不接受句子重音，為非重讀詞，采用弱讀式。6.1一規(guī)：）弱讀式只出現(xiàn)在句子的非重讀詞中。如Pass?/the/e/book.methe弱讀。）單詞單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)或在句首或句尾時(shí)，都采用強(qiáng)讀式。如youlistening）被特別強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞，無(wú)論實(shí)詞還是虛詞都采用強(qiáng)讀式。如Iam/?m/我是皮特。6.2虛弱規(guī)律：）長(zhǎng)音變短音，如：she/i:/弱/?/。）元音前面的輔音被省略，如?m/弱讀/m/）輔音前面的元音被省略，如弱/m/）元音一般弱讀//如：can/k?n/弱/kn/）部分虛詞有多種弱讀式，如would/w?弱/。濁：）/s/后面的清輔音要濁化。如/k/濁化成/scar/school/discussion/t/濁化成d/:/p/濁化成/b/:spring/spirit/expression）美音中，/t/現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)元音之間并且處于非重讀位置的時(shí)候/t/需要濁化成一個(gè)近似/d/的音這樣，writer聽(tīng)來(lái)和rider的音幾乎沒(méi)有區(qū)別。如：Iit.

Wouldpickit注：/t/如果處于重讀位置的話(huà)，即使在兩個(gè)元音之間也需要濁化。請(qǐng)比較：清晰的t/濁的/t/I'talian'ItalyLa'tino'Latinpho'tographer'photograph）美音中，/t/面是一個(gè)元音，后面是一個(gè)模糊/l/，且處于非重讀位/t/需要濁化成一個(gè)近似于/d/的音如：美中，/t/面是一個(gè)清輔音或前鼻/n/，后是一個(gè)元音，且處于非重讀位置/t/也需要濁化成一個(gè)近似/的。如：朗讀練習(xí)：Therethingswhenyoulookingforhouse,whetherintendtobuyoronlyAfterall,itbeyourforlongandwanthappywithYouwhatofwant,muchandthetypeofeighborhoodtolivein.’salwayseasyforgetabove,becauseit’smostprobablythatyou’llinlovewiththehouseforsalethesight.YouthYouthisoflife;itisaitofrosycheeks,redlipssuppleknees;itisofthewill,aqualityimagination,vigorofemotions;itisthefreshnessspringsoflife.Youthcourageovertimidity,offorinsixtymoreboyofNobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.WegrowoldourYearswrinkleskin,butgiveupwrinklessoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheandturnsdust.Whethersixtythereisineveryhumanbeing'sthewonder,theunfailingfornext,andjoyofofyourandmyheartisasolongasitmessagescourageandpowerfrommenandtheInfinite,longareyoutheaerialsdown,spiritwithsnowsofcynicismandthepessimism,youareold,evenatasaerialsup,catchtheoptimism,ishopeyouyoung

美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第1WelcometoDailyontipisdistinguishing“can“cannot”inspoken“Cannotusuallycontractedto“can't”.SomanylearnersofEnglishassumethatinordertodistinguishbetween“canand“can'tonemustlistenforthefinal“tsoundAndwhenspeaking,mustpronouncefinal‘t’sound/t/clearly.However,thisisinfacthownativespeakersdistinguish“can“can'tPeoplenot`candriveabutIcan’tamotorcycle.Peoplesay‘Ican`driveabutI`can'tdriveamotorcycle.’Thedifference“can“can'tinstress.“Can”isnotstressed,theverbafteris.“Can'tstressed.verbafternot.Alsosince’notstressed,vowelisreducedtoso”actuallypronounced”.Listenanotherexample.“I`can'tgoSaturday,Ican`goonSunday.”hearthe't'sound?Didyounoticethedifferencewordsbeingstressed?Listeningagain.“I`can'tgoonSaturday,butIcan`goonSunday.”youtosomeoneissayingcanordosomething,belisteningforastressed“can'toraverbstressed“can”.doesthismean?“Ican`speakJapanese,butI`can'tspeakTaiwanese.That'sIcanspeakJapanese,butITaiwanese.areitveryimportantyoufollowthisruletoo.WhenlearnersofEnglishIyou,nativespeakerswhatmeantimproperstress.Soyoucanstress“can't”,but`can't“canThishastoday'stiplearningintomorrowfortip.美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第2toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsyllableaffectthemeaningofwords.stressedareandareunstressedsyllablessoftly,andoftenhavevowelsoundsthisdifferencecanbebetweenaoranThereatleastinwhichsyllablethisdifference.Someinclude`addict,Eachtimetheisstressed,wordisaWhenthefirststressed,thewordiseitheraoradjective.Let’slooksomemore`Permit,per`mit,a`permitaitispieceofwhichauthorizesyoudofishing`permityougoPer`mitisaverb.Ittoallow.Forinstence,fishingisnper`mittedwithouta`permit.is`perfect,per`fect.`Perfectadjective.ItmeansnoorTheisper`fect,ittomakesomethingperfect.Forexample,“Iwanttoper`fectmyEnglishmeanstomakeEnglishperfectsurestressrightsyllable.Itbethedifferecebetweendifferentpartsofspeech.ThishasbeentodaydailyTilltomorrow,fornothertiponlearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第3（清濁輔音結(jié)尾對(duì)元音的影響）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.Today’stipisondifferentvowellengthsareusedtowordsinvoicedvoicelessconsonants.Lettakeanexample.There’ssomethingineyes.’ssomethinginmyice.lastwordsinexamples,eyesicedifferin2ways.Onedifferencethewordeyesendwiththesound“z”,iceendwiththe“sTheotherdifferencethepronunciationofand”thevowelsound“ai”ispronounced.Intheword“eyes”,longer.Intheword“ice”,itisveryshort.totheexamplesagain,andnotefinalconsonantsoundasinlengthofthevowel.There’ssomethinginmyeyes.There’ssomethinginmyice.Listenagain.There’ssomethinginmyeyes.There’ssomethinginmyice.Listentosomeotherexamplesofwordsthatare

identicalexceptforthefinalconsonantsthevowellength.Cap,cab,plate,played,seat,seed.tipistomoreattentiontolengthofasveryimportantindistinguishingsomewords.Tillthen,toanothertiplearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第4（連音）todailytipsonlearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.AlthoughinwrittenEnglish,there’respaceseveryword,inspokenEnglishthere’realwaysnever(1)pauseswords.orderspokenEnglish,itistolinkingdone.Todaylet’s(3)concentrateonlinkingsituation.Wheneverawordinsoundisfollowedbyabeginningwithalinkedtovowelsoundiftheyweresameword.Letlookatsomeexamples.likeanotherbowlofrice,please.First,notethatalthoughthere’resixwordsinsentence,allwordsarelinkedwithoutListen.likeanotherbowlofrice,please.Nowlistenthewords“l(fā)ikeand“anotherarelinked.“Likeanother”,another“Like”endsinaconsonantsound,“another”beginswithavowelsound.Sothe“k“l(fā)ikelinkedtothe“a“anothertoproduce“kanother”.Listentheexamplesentenceagain.I’dlikeanotherofrice,thereisanotherofaconsonantbeingAbowlof,abowl-of.soundslikethatyou’resayingtheword“l(fā)ove”.Hereanotherexample.’dlovebowlofrice.I’dloveofrice.ThislinkingprobablythebiggestforlearnersofEnglishwhentryunderstandnativespeaker’stalking.talkmorelinkinginfuturedailytips,anextremelyimportfeaturespokenEnglish.’stipistolinkconsonantstowhichcomeafterthem.Tillthen,fortip.美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第5（“h音的略讀）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.thatalthoughwrittenEnglishhasspacesbetweeneveryword,spokenEnglishdoesnhaveaftereveryword.Asmatteroffact,stringsofarealllinkeditthislinking,oftenmakesitdifficultforlearnersofEnglishtounderstandnativespeakertalking.Today’stipisnoticehowthe“h”soundisoftendroppedinpersonalpronounssuchas“he”,“him”,“his”and“her”.whenitisleftavowelsound,andvowelsoundistotheprecedingword.Letlookatanexample.Giveherabook.erbook.Noticethe”isdropped“giveher”becomeer”.ookatanotherexample.TellaskTell-imask-er.Didyounotice“tellhimbecame“tell-”and“askher”became“asker”?ThishappensveryfrequentlyinspokenEnglish,especiallywhen“he”followsanauxiliaryForexample,will”-i”“Wherewillhego?”becomes“Where-go?willhe”willi”willhe”becomeswill-i”willheknow?becomes“Howwilliknow?”“Hashe”as-”“Haddonebefore?”becomes“Hadiitbefore?“Mustgo?-go?“Canhedo”becomes“Can-doit?“Shouldheleave?”becomes“Should-Ileave?”it’simportanttoaccustomyourselftodroppedsoundinsoundlinking.ThishasbeentodaydailyTuneinfortiponlearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第6（輔音連續(xù)）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonsoundlinking.orsimilararearow,soundsarepronounced.Forexample,stopPeter.“stop”endsinthesound“pand“Peter”beginsinthesameTogetherwordsarelinked-peterwordsarenpronouncedPnounceidenticalsoundsoneanother,wouldsoundlikesmoothly.notidenticalsoundssuchasvoicedandvoicelesspairsofconsonantsarelinkedthisway.Forexample,it’sabig

cake.“big”beginsinsound“g”,cakebeginswithsound“k”.“k“gdifferthat“kvoicelessvoiced.aretoeachotherinaphraselinkedsmoothlynotaspiratingorpronouncingtheofthe2sounds.ListencarefullyasIreadtheexampleagain.’sabigcake.Noticehowthefirstsound”isnotreleased.Ifthepairsoundsisreversed,likein“Ilikegoats.itisthe“ksoundwhichisnotpronounced.Listenclosely.likegoats.Ilikegoats.There’re8pairsofconsonantsthatdifferonlyinthepresencelackofvocalcordvibration.ListenasIgivesoundlinkingforv,f:IloveFrance.δ,θ:’sbathethreetimes.:SheSusan.з,garageshouldbecleaned.dHehasahugechin.:Putthecapbackon.ttoldme.k,:IlikeGavin.(?IttoincludethisofsoundinyourifyouachieveItimportanttoofthislinkinghowspokensounds.Otherwisenotunderstandnativespeakerspeech.Thishasbeentoday’sdailytip.Tuneintomorrowforanotheronlearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第7（冠詞a）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.Today’stipisonusingoromittingtheEnglisharticle“acorrectly.There’snosinglerulethatexplainshowtochoosewhetheryoushoulduse“ause“the”ornotuseanyarticleall.ometimesthere’sonlyonecorrectchoice,andinothercases,differentchoiceschangethemeaningofthesentence.Todayletdiscussthemostfrequentlyoccurringdifferencesbetweenusingthearticle”usingnoarticle.AllEnglishnounscanbeclasses:areareItofanounasitisinasentencedetermineswhetheritisuncountable.Forinstance,thesentence“Shehaslonghair.”,“hair”isuinthe“There’sahairinmysoup.”haircountable.Thiscancreatesomeinterestingmistakes.Forexample,“Ilike”doesnotmean我歡狗thatshouldbe“Idogs.yousaylikedog”,thatmeansyoulikeeatdogmeat.yousay“Iateahamburgerthatmeans我吃了一個(gè),butyousay“Iatehamburgerthatmeansaterawbeef.Ifyousay“Iacake’,youatewholecake,whichisunlikely.Youshouldsaid,“Iatecakeitcake.Noticehowtheuseofthearticle“ameansthatthenounprecedesiscountable,andthereforeyou’retalkingaboutawholeone,anentireone.Ifyouomitthearticle“a”,thenthatyoucancounttheitprecedes,thereforearepieceaquantitySopaycarefulwhethernounsbeingusedauncountablemeaning,andbesuretouseoromitthearticle“aaccordingly.Thishasbeentodaydailytip.Tuneintomorrowforanothertiponlearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第8（冠詞的用法與讀音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonusingthearticles“a”,“an“the”correctly.studentofEnglishmyinstruggleswithEnglishTheypartsoflearningEnglish.all,Idothis.speakers.Whenyoulisten,listencarefully,sincethearticles“a”arealmostneveremphasized,notstandoutprominentlyinspeech,butthey’repronounced.willhavetotrainyourearssothatyouwill

recognizesoundscertainarearticles,andmeaninglessAlso,inthehabitofpronouncingarticlesinthewayspeakersdo.soundsprecede.instance,ofand“theboy”asoneListentothisshortsentence.Theboylikesthegirl.Sayitnaturally,boylikesthegirl.thearticlesarejustsoundslinkedexample.apenaintheclassroom.Sayitnaturally,therepenaintheclassroom.Didyounoticehowallthesounds,linkedtogether?Thearticle“anisusedbeforenounsbeginningwithvowelsound,suchas“anappleNoticethe”soundislinkedthewordwhichfollowsnoticethatwordsthatspelledwithletter”inthesuchas“hour”alsousethearticle“an”becausethe”isnpronounced.Sowesay,-our”,“ahourAndwordsspelledwithletter“u”inthebeginningsuchas“unicycleusethearticle”becausethesoundisthe“ysound”.Soweaunicycle,an’salsoimportantnotethatthepronunciationofthearticle“thechangesto“δi”beforebeginningwithavowelsound.Sowesay“δi:”elevator,notδ”elevator.tipis,dobeheadlines,advertisementsandtitlesofforth.whichininbothwrittenEnglish.Knowingtouse“awhenuse“thewhentoanyarticleatallisundoubtablylearningWranothertiplearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第9（句子中的重音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonwordstresssentences.Ingeneral,itthatarestressedfunctionarestressed.ContentwordsusuallytheofthemakethesentenceContentwordsare:nouns,mainverbs,adjectives,adverbs,this,these,those,and“wh-words,what,when,why,how,which.Functionwordsare:articles,suchas“a”and“thepossadjectives,suchas“his”,”,“your”;prepositions,suchas“in“on”,“of”;conjunctions,suchas“and“butpersonalpronouns,suchas“I”,“he“shethe“beverb,”,“are“was“wereauxiliaries,such”,“does“did”.Takeforexamplethesentence“Andrewbrusheshisteetheverymorning.”Thecontentwordalonecanconveytheofthesentence,brushesteetheverymorning.functional“his”thesentencegrammaticallycorrect.“his”isunstressed,theotherwordsarestressed.Whyisn“his”stressed?ofcoursebrusheshisnotteeth,orteeth.wewouldnaturallyassume.however,Andrewbrushessomeoneelse’steethbesidehisown,itwouldveryimportantknowthatstressingwhosehewhatbeThesimpleanswerwordstothemeaningaretryingifsomeonewriteontheboardoutofcontextandasks,“Whichareimportant?Whichwordsshouldyoustress?”Youshouldanswer,“Thatdependsonthecontext.Stressisletknowtomessage.Ifproperly,yourwillhaveaneasymessage.IfeverywordyourwilltoverycarefullyandtrythemainofyourIfyourwrongwords,thelistenerwillmessageorfeelveryconfused.rememberstresstheimportantmassage.ThishastodaydailyTunetomorrowforanotheronlearningEnglish.美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第10期斷句）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontheuseofpausesinEnglishspeech.AlthoughwrittenEnglishhasspacesbetweeneveryword,Englishdoesn’thavepausesbetweeneachword,wordsarelinkedtogether.peoplenormallyspeakwithoutpausingall.We

pauseinWhileinthereperiods,wealsopauselongsentenceswithoutpunctuationmarks.Let’slookatsomeexamples.mothertotheradioinevening.Thissentencebesaidwithoutpausing,becauseitisnlong.ButifIweretopause,wouldsay,mother/listensthetheevening.”Why?pausescomethoughtgroups----groupsofonethought.Forexample,“ineveningathoughtgroup.Letthesentencelonger.listenstheradiointheevening,playstennisinintheNowitisnecessarythesentenceverylong.Pausescomebetweengroups,andlistenershear.Listensentenceagain.Mytotheintennisintheandcleansinthemorning.Ifyoupauseinthewrongplaces,listenerswillhaveorganizinginformation.Listenreadagainwithpausing.motherradioin/theplaysin/thecleansthe/inthemorning.Nowthesentencealmostimpossibletounderstand,rememberpausebetweenthoughtgroups,tohelplistenerseasilyorganizewhattheyThishastoday'stiplearningintomorrowfortiponlearning美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第11期定語(yǔ)從句前的停）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontopausesbeforeadjectiveclauses.Lettakeanexample.thesentence“MysisterwholivesinSanFranciscoisadoctortheadjectiveclauseis“wholivesFrancisco”.Itdescribes“sisterThere’snopausebeforetheadjectiveclause.So,itmeansthatIhavemorethansister,andthelivesinSanFranciscoisdoctor.Thereapauseafteranadjectiveclausebecauseitasentence.therebenointhegroupofsisterwholivesinSanFrancisco”.Becausethisisideaorthoughtgroup.Listenthesentenceagain.“MysisterwholivesinSanFranciscoisadoctor.Thesamewordsusedinthatsentencehaveadifferentmeaningthereabeforetheadjectiveclause“whoinSanFrancisco”.Listentonewsentence.“Mysister,wholivesinSanFrancisco,isadoctor.Nowthere’sapausebefore,andaadjectiveinwriting,thereiscommabeforeacommaadjectiveclause.ThissentencemeansthatIonlyoneSheisabythelivesinFrmationconveyedbywholivesinSanistounderstandwhomIamtalkingabout,IonlyhaveoneIjustitinpassing.Ifyousay,“Mygirlfrienddrivesagooddancer.You’resayingthatmorethanonegirlfriend.“MyisverygenerousaraiseeveryyearIhavemorethanoneboss.“HawaiiisanislandinthePacificisapoplartouristspot”meansthereanothernotthePacific.Soadjectiveonlyittosomethingorsomeoneofwhichthereonlyone.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第12期問(wèn)句的語(yǔ)調(diào)）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontheintonationofstions.thatintonationtherisingandfallingofthepitchofvoice.So“she’shere.astatement,but“she’shere?aquestion.ittruequestionsrisingintonation.Today,’sjustlookintonatiofthreetypesofquestions:questions,”questionschoicequestions.“Yes/Noquestionsarisingintonation.-”qusetionshaveaintonation.Andchoicequestionsforeverychoicethewhichhasfallingintonation.“Yes/Noquestionssuchas“DoyoulikeTaiwan?“CanspeakChinese?”risingintonation.Thelistenermustanswereither“yes”or”.”questionsstartwiththewords“who”,“where”,“when”why”,”and“how”.-questionshaveafallingtone.Forexample,“Whattimeis↘”“Wheredoyoulive?↘“Whattimeit?↗“Wheredoyoulive?↗Inchoicequestions,the

listenerisexpectedtochooseoneitemfromseveral.Forexample,“Wouldyoulikejuice,Coke,Teacoffee?Atoneisusedforeverychoiceeptlast,whichfallingtone.example.“Doyoulikebasketball,baseball,soccerfootball?”.Sorememberthat“Yes/No”questions,“Wh”questions,andchoicequestionhavedifferentintonationpatterns,andmakesuretointonthemproperly.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第13期是是NO）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonanswering“Yes/No”questionscorrectly.InEnglish,“Yes”isalwaysfollowedbyaffirmativestatements.“No”alwaysfollowedbynegativestatements.Thismeanscan’tsay,“Yes,Ihaven’teatendinneryet.Ordidwork.Chineseallowsthis,Englishdoesnot.’redifferentkinds“Yes/Noquestions.“Yes/Noquestionssuchas“DoyouEnglish?”youhungry?”posenoproblem.Butnegativequestionsas“DonspeakEnglish?”“Aren’tyouhungry?”requireanswers.“Yes,do.Idon”or“Yes,Iam.“No,I’mnot.”ChineselearnersofEnglishareoftenmisledbynegativequestions,answer,“Yes,IdonspeakEnglish.”O(jiān)r“Yes,’mnothungry.”byaccident.Anothertypeof”questionsistorisingintonationwithastatement.example,youaskChineseperson,youeatdinner?says,“No,Ididn’t.”You’resurprised,soyouask,didndinner?answers,“Yes.insteadof“NoDon’tuse”tomean是”shouldsay,’scorrect.”Intheexampleabove,”“Yes,Iatedinner.“Correct,didn’tdinner.Let’slookatanotherexample.thinkthatallChinesepeoplelikerice.whenfriendmenevereatsrice,Iverysurprised,andIask,“You’tliketorice?answers,“Yes.Thisiswrong.BecauseinEnglish,youcansay,“Yes,Idon’tliketoeatrice.”Heshouldanswer,“No.or’scorrect.”Soremember,”mustbfollowedbyaffirmativestatements,and“Nofollowedbynegativestatements.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第14期“t的發(fā)音）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisonthepronunciationofletter“tOfcoursetheletter“tisusuallypounced“t”.Butyouhavenoticedthatinfluentspeech,nativespeakersthe“tas”.Thathappenswhenthe“tcomesbetweentwovoicedsounds.DoyouknowwhatsoundsEnglisharevoiced?Well,there’re15voicedconsonantsoundsinEnglish.b,d,m,,δ,l,r,з,з,j,w.Also,allvoweldiphthongsoundsinEnglisharevoiced.’slookatsomeexamplesofinthemaybepronounced“d”.No.1“matter“matter”isoftenpronounced“maderin“Whatthe”No.2”.“atom”isoftenpronounced”in“TheatombombdroppedonHiroshima.No.3“twenty“twentyoftenpronounced“twendiin“Thatwillbetwentydollars,please.”No.4“l(fā)ittle“l(fā)ittleoftenpronounced“l(fā)iddle”asin“Hegotaangry.”No.5“city“cityoftenpronounced“cidiin“Didgrowuptheorthecountry?No.6“butter“butteroftenpronounced“buderin“Passthebutter,please.”peoplespeakslowlyoremphatically,however,theyusuallypronouncelike“t”,like“dAlso,”doesnotsoundlikeitcomesbeforestressedasin“return”.ThishastodaydailyonlearningEnglish.Tunetomorrowforanother美語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力與發(fā)音技巧第15期助動(dòng)詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)）toDailyTipsonLearningEnglish.’stipisontostressauxiliaryverbs.notaverb,stresstheauxiliaryverb.Andtherenoauxiliaryverb,weone.Theseemphatic

Forexample,comparethese