化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)鈉其他常見化合物堿金屬元素

化學(xué)復(fù)習(xí)鈉其他常見化合物堿金屬元素第1頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第2頁/共72頁2Al＋2NaOH＋2H2O===2NaAlO2＋3H2↑。NH4Cl＋NaOHNaCl＋H2O＋NH3↑。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第3頁/共72頁名稱（化學(xué)式）碳酸鈉（Na2CO3）碳酸氫鈉（NaHCO3）俗名主要性質(zhì)色態(tài)白色晶體細(xì)小白色晶體水溶性易溶于水，溶液呈堿性易溶于水（但比同溫下Na2CO3溶解度?。?，溶液呈堿性穩(wěn)定性不穩(wěn)定，受熱易分解純堿或蘇打小蘇打穩(wěn)定，但結(jié)晶碳酸鈉（Na2CO3·10H2O）易風(fēng)化Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第4頁/共72頁

硫酸鋁主要性質(zhì)與H+反應(yīng)CO+2H+

H2O+CO2↑HCO

+H+

H2O+CO2↑與OH-不反應(yīng)，但Ca2++CO

CaCO3↓Ca2++OH-+HCOCaCO3↓+H2O(堿過量)Ca2++2OH-+2HCO

CaCO3↓+CO+2H2O(堿不足)鹽CaCl2Ca2++CO

CaCO3↓↓2Al3++3CO+3H2O2Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑3HCO+Al3+Al(OH)3↓+3CO2↑不反應(yīng)

與堿反應(yīng)［Ca（OH）2］Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第5頁/共72頁主要用途玻璃、造紙、制皂、洗滌發(fā)酵、醫(yī)藥、滅火器相互轉(zhuǎn)化Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第6頁/共72頁提示以NaOH溶液為代表的堿性溶液中的OH－可與磨口玻璃塞中裸露的SiO2反應(yīng)，生成Na2SiO3，使瓶塞和瓶體粘連在一起不易打開。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第7頁/共72頁科目一考試/2016年科目一模擬考試題科目二考試2016年科目二考試技巧、考試內(nèi)容、考試視頻Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第8頁/共72頁提示溶液中將析出白色晶體(沉淀)。原因是：發(fā)生Na2CO3＋CO2＋H2O===2NaHCO3↓，①同溫下，NaHCO3的溶解度比Na2CO3小，②生成的NaHCO3的質(zhì)量比消耗的Na2CO3的大(即106gNa2CO3生成168gNaHCO3)，即溶質(zhì)增加，③反應(yīng)消耗了水，即溶劑減少，因此出現(xiàn)沉淀，主要原因是①。Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第9頁/共72頁1依次增多依次增大銀白小較小較低Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第10頁/共72頁＋1堿Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第11頁/共72頁減小增強(qiáng)增強(qiáng)劇烈增強(qiáng)Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第12頁/共72頁物理Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第13頁/共72頁黃色藍(lán)色鈷玻璃黃綠Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第14頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第15頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第16頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第17頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第18頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第19頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第20頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第21頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第22頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第23頁/共72頁Evaluationonly.CreatedwithAspose.Slidesfor.NET3.5ClientProfile.Copyright2004-2011AsposePtyLtd.第24頁/共72頁答案

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