國家開放大學(xué)電大本科《環(huán)境水利學(xué)》期末試題及答案(試卷號(hào)1167)

經(jīng)典word整理文檔，僅參考，雙擊此處可刪除頁眉頁腳。本資料屬于網(wǎng)絡(luò)整理，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系刪除，謝謝！國家開放大學(xué)電大本科《環(huán)境水利學(xué)》期末試題及答案（試卷號(hào)：1167）2021-20221167）盜傳必究3301項(xiàng)正確的或最好的作為答案，將選項(xiàng)號(hào)填入各題的括號(hào)中。不選、錯(cuò)選或多選者，該題無分）．資源水利的核心是()。A.水利工程設(shè)施的建設(shè)BC輕視社會(huì)效益D(演替、消亡與再生的關(guān)鍵。C(。．污染物遷移速度加快．污染物沉淀速度加快．底泥的污染物釋放4素中，____和——是內(nèi)在因素，是外在因素。()A．自然環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境、污染物的種類B．社會(huì)環(huán)境和污染物的特性、自然環(huán)境C．自然環(huán)境和污染物的特性、社會(huì)環(huán)境．污染物的種類和社會(huì)環(huán)境、自然環(huán)境．不是水利建設(shè)對(duì)環(huán)境的正效應(yīng)。()A.提高抵御自然災(zāi)害的能力影響6．水環(huán)境一般可以分為靜態(tài)水環(huán)境和動(dòng)態(tài)水環(huán)境一屬于靜態(tài)水環(huán)境。(．)．水庫、湖泊．河流C．渠道中的水流．奔騰的大海7____不屬于物理法。()濾法C8堿中和法、絮凝沉淀法、吸附過濾法和____。()A．機(jī)械除藻．化學(xué)除殺藻法C9作包括兩大部分：一是編制評(píng)價(jià)工作大綱，二是()。．開展調(diào)查．編制C．編制進(jìn)度．開展環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)10.運(yùn)行期環(huán)境管理的特點(diǎn)有系統(tǒng)性、____()A．連續(xù)性．區(qū)域性．管理手段多樣性．時(shí)序性二、判斷315“√”畫“X”）11．溶解氧是反映天然水中氧的濃度指標(biāo)，其值越低表明水質(zhì)越好。(×)12.化學(xué)耗氧量是指1L水中還原物質(zhì)（包括有機(jī)COD的測定，一般采用高錳酸鉀法或重鉻酸鉀法。(√)13.從水體稀釋、(×)14.蓄水工程對(duì)自然環(huán)境、社會(huì)環(huán)境的影響都是負(fù)面的。(×)15.運(yùn)動(dòng)，一類是擴(kuò)散運(yùn)動(dòng)。(√三、簡答題（每小題10分，共40分）16.在環(huán)境水利中，水和水體有何不同？答：在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域中，水和水Hz05貯水體中的水外，它還包括水中的懸浮物、溶質(zhì)、水生生物和底泥。（5分）17.為什么說底質(zhì)可以反映污染歷史過程？淀過程中，必然會(huì)吸附、挾帶各種污染物，因而可以從沉積物的污染狀況這一側(cè)面，判斷、衡量水體的污染程度，并由此追溯水體污染的復(fù)一年的累積基本保持相對(duì)的穩(wěn)定性。湖庫沉積也有此特點(diǎn)。18．什么叫冷害？答：大型水庫水深很大，造成自上而下的水溫分層，夏季上層水溫高、下層水溫低，冬季則相反。夏季深孔泄水形成所謂“”。19.水利水電工程環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的目的與任務(wù)。答:水利水電工程環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的目的是要保證擬建工程貫徹執(zhí)行“保護(hù)環(huán)境”的基本國策,認(rèn)真執(zhí)行“以防為主,防治結(jié)合,綜合利用”的境和社會(huì)環(huán)境造成的各種影響,提出環(huán)境對(duì)策,以保證擬建工程影響區(qū)城良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境和社會(huì)環(huán)境;同時(shí)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果也為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門決策(擬建)提供重要的科學(xué)依據(jù)。(5分)水利水電工程的環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的任務(wù)就是要查清工程所在流城的環(huán)境質(zhì)量現(xiàn)狀,針對(duì)工程特征和污染特征,對(duì)工程在自然、社會(huì).生態(tài)環(huán)境方面可能產(chǎn)生的影響進(jìn)行分析預(yù)測各種影響的范圍、程度,預(yù)測可能發(fā)展的結(jié)果,對(duì)不利影響要提出相應(yīng)的工程防止措施與環(huán)境對(duì)策;根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果回(5分)15分）20.若某水庫枯水期庫容3X108m3,枯水期50該湖水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)BODs濃度為3mg/L,BOD5起始濃度為15mg/L,枯水期從湖中排出流量為2X106(m3/d)污染物質(zhì)自然衰減系數(shù)為0.1(1/d)BOD的環(huán)境容量。試卷代號(hào)：1162中央廣播電視大學(xué)2009-2010學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期“開放本科”期末考試英語Ⅱ(2)試題2021年1月第一部分交際用語（共計(jì)10分，每小題2分）1-5小題：閱讀下面的小對(duì)話，從CD四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上寫出所選的字母符號(hào)。1.Canyouhelpmeclearuptheme?--------------------A.TellmewhomadeitB.NotroubleatallC.Yes,that\\"llbeallrightD.Noproblem3.Isitgoingtobewarmnextweek?-------------------A.Yes,itisB.Idon\\"tbelieveitC.No,ithasn\\"tD.Itchangesallthetime5.15小題：閱讀下面的句子，從D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上寫出所選的字母符號(hào)。6.Unfortunatelythepoorgirlcan\\"tdoanythingbut-------.allherbelongingsatalowprice.A.tosellB.sellingC.sellD.sold7.Theywereaskedtoavoid_anywaterwhichhadnotbeenboiled.A.drinkingB.todrinkC.havingD.nottobedrunk8.Johnwasbored,_helefthislifeinEngland..A.inadditionB.soC.howeverD.furthermore9.Sheisverycareful.She_veryfewmistakesinherwork.A.doesB.takesC.makesD.gets10.Theworkersarebusy_modelsfortheexhibition.A.tomakeB.withmakingC.beingmakingD.making11.---------youchangeyourmind,Iwon\\"tbeabletohelpyou.A.WhenB.UnleC.WhileD.So12.Wearegoingtohaveouroffice_tomakeroomforanewengineer.A.torearrangeB.rearrangeC.rearrangedD.rearranging13.Sincethisroadiswetandslipperythismorning,it_---------lastnight.A.mustrajnB.wasrainingC.mayberainingD.musthaverained14.DoyouthinkTommyis---------thetruth?A.sayingB.tellingC.speakingD.talking15.Johnfellasleep_hewaslisteningtothemusic.A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.assoonas第三部分完形填空（每題2分，共20分）16carrotscanbemadetotasteofchocolateandapplescanbemade18.Somefoodthatappearsthesamehasbeen19improved,forexample,fishcanbemadetogrowfaster.Shouldwe\\"bepleasedorworried?Willnewtechnologybringbenefits,orisitabouttog020control?Geneticallyengineeredfoodsareproducedbytakinggeneticmaterialfromonespeciesandtransferringit21another.Forexample,an6antifreeze\\"genewhichappearsnaturallyinArcticfishhasbeenintroducedintotomatoesandstrawberries22theydon\\"tfreezeincoldweather;ahumangenehasbeenintroducedintopigstomakethem23morequickly.Someclaimgreatadvantages.Theypointoutthatcropscanbemadestrongerandmorediseaseresistant,_24_pesticidescanbereduced.Theyalsomaintainthatfoodcanbemademorenutritiousorthatthefatcontentcan25tomakeithealthier.16.A.areB.wereC.isD.be17.A.suchthatB.suchasC.sothatD.soas18.A.moreredB.muchredC.redderD.reder19.A.scientificallyB.scienceC.scientificD.scientifical20.A.underB.intoC.outD.outof21.A.forB.toC.outD.into22.A.suchthatB.inordertoC.sothatD.soasto23.A.growB.togrowC.growingD.grown24.A.becauseB.causeC.resultD.so25.A.bereducingB.bereducedC.reducedD.reducing第四部分計(jì)30分，每小題2分）26Igueyoucanputupwithamattreonthefloor!26.Thispaageisaletterof.A.aninformalinvitationB.aformalinvitationC.thanksD.complaint27.WhenCharleswrites,"I\\"msorryaboutthelackofwarning",hemeansthatheissorrythat_.A:hedidnotgiveBobawarningwhenBobwasunceindangerB.heisshortofmoney,soheisnotabletohelpBobC.heshouldhavegivenBobawarningwhenheisindifficultyD.heisnotabletowritethislettertoBobearlier28.Charlesandhiswifedecidedtoholdthehouse-warmingparty9mainlybecauseA.theydecidedtohavearestafterbeingbusymovingtothenewhouseB.theystillhadalittlemoneylefttoaffordthepartyC.thenewmotorwaywasopenD.theywantedtomeettheirfriendsverymuch29.FromtheletterweknowthatthenewhousethatCharlesmovedinisB.twohoursawayfromdowntownA.verybigxC.inanewhousingestateD.easytofindinthemap30.Inthesentence"Barbaraandlhopethatyoucanmakeit...",thephrase"makeit"isusedtosaythatBobcanA.managetoattendtheirpartyB.findtheirnewhouseintwohoursC.dothetripfromBedfordtoFlindersD.putupwithamattreonthefloor短文理解2Cashofallkinds,theFrenchfranc,theGermanmark,andtheItalianlira,isboundtodisappearphysically.Thepapernotesandgoldcoinsmaysoonbecomecuriouscollectionsofthepre-electronicage.Digitalmoneycanreplaceeveryuseofcashmoney.Itistruethatelectronicmoneyhasbeenaroundfordecades.EachweekbillionsofinstitutionaldollarsflowthroughtheInterbankPaymentSystemthroughtelephonewiresandsatellitelinks.Butinthe21stcentury,entirelynewformsofdigitalmoneywillbecomethemeansofmostpersonalfinancialtrade.Whatagreatchangethiswillbe!Digitalcreditcards,smartcards,electronicwalletsandelectroniccheckswillchangeourwayoflifeinthe21stcentury.Theyareefficientandeasytouse.Customerswillnottakemoneywiththemwhentheygoshopping.Theywillpaytheir\\"billsfromasmartcellphoneortheywillbuytheircoffeebyusingadigitalcreditcard.Howconvenientitwillbe!Andhoweasilypeoplewilldotheirshoppinginsuchaway!Withsomanychangesthesedays,theInternetwillhelpspeeduptheendofcash.InEurope,somebankshavebeenofferingpeopleelectroniccashsincelatelastyear.Customerscanwithdrawmoneyfromtheiraccountsthroughthebank\\"swebsiteandstoretheirincomesontheirhomePCs.Astheelectroniccashisdownloaded,thecustomers\\"bankaccountsarerecorded.SincecustomerscanuseelectroniccashtobuythingsontheInternet,electroniccashwilltransformtheInternetintoaglobalmarketplaceforeverything.Itisgoingtohaveaverybigimpactonourlives.Thelowcostofcomputerandcommunicationshascreatedaworldwidemediumnotjustforfinance,butalsoformanyotherthingsinourlife.TheAgeofInternethasbroughte-busineestoourlife,whichperhapswillformthebackboneofoureconomy.MomandPopcangoglobal40小題：閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容判斷其后的句子是否正確(T)、錯(cuò)誤(F),還是文字中沒有涉及相關(guān)信息(NG)。閱讀理解3*****NS:FACTFILEThereareover80speciesofwhales,dolphinsandporpoises,knowncollectivelyas"cetaceans",throughouttheworld.Theycomeinallshapesandsizes.Herearesomefactsandfiguresabouttheseincredibleanimals.1.LargestThebluewhaleistheheaviestandJongestanimalonEarth.Theaverageadultlengthis25mformalesand26.2mforfemales,withbodyweightsof90-120tonnes.2.SmallestHector\\"sdolphinistheworld\\"sshortestcetacean.Theymaybeonlyl.2mlongwhenfullygrown.3.LargestAppetiteAbluewhaleeatsupt04tonnesofkrilldaily.ThisisequivalenttoeatingafullygrownAfricanelephanteveryday.4.DeepestDiveThespermwhaleisbelievedtodivedeeperthananyothercetacean.Theyhavebeenknowntodiveasdeepas2000m.5.LongestLivedOnebowheadwhaleisreportedtohavebeen130yearsoldwhenitdied.6.HeaviestBrainThespermwhalehastheworld\\"sheaviestbrainwhichcanweighupt09.2kg.Thiscompareswiththeaveragel.4kgforthebrainofanadulthuman.7.MostEndangeredThebaijidolphin,orChineseriverdolphin,istherarestdolphinintheworldandisreportedtobeendangered.ItlivesintheYangtzeRiverinChina.ConservationmeasuresarebeingtakenbytheChinesetosaveit..Questions36-40:36.Hector\\"sdolphinisthesmallestfishintheworld.37.BluewhaleseatasmuchasanAfricanelephantdoeseveryday.38.Somewhalescanliveforaslongas130years.39.Whalesareclevererthanhumans.40.Thebrainofaspermwhalecanbeover6timesheavierthanahumanone.第五部分書面表達(dá)（20分）Directions:For