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[模擬]考研英語模擬263
多項選擇
Thequalitiesrequiredofaherovarywiththetime,andsomegreat
figuresofacertainperiodwouldsurprisethepeopleofanother
generation.Considerthe_1_ofloveandgriefthatfollowedthedeath
ofJohnLennoninDecember1980.Fewdeathshavecausedsuchdeep
sorrow,suchmourning,in_2_manycountriesthroughthehistoryofthe
world._3_isnodoubtthatLennonwasaheroforhismourners.Why?What
hadhedone_4_wassoremarkable?”Johnwasnotjustamusician,“
saysoneofhisadmirers.Hehadknown_5_toexpressmygeneration,s
feelingsinthelate1960s.Hewasourvoiceandour_6_;hechangedwith
usovertheyears,alwaysalittle_7_ofus;heopenednew_8_forus
andencouragedusto_9_farther,todare.Toushetalkedofloveand
peace;hewasabigbrotherweneedina_10_time.uSomeofLennon,s
admirersmayhavebeenawarethathewasnot_11Buttheychoseto_12_
hisdarksidetoremaingratefulforthe_13_contributionhehadmade
intheirlives.Therearesurelymanypeoplewhodon,tconsiderLennona
hero,whoinfacthaveavery_14_opinionofhim.Butitisnot_15_
forone,sherotobeanotherperson,s_16_.Thinkofallthe
leaders,revolutionaries,andconquerorswhoaredeeplyrespectedbyone
nation,onereligiousgroup,oronegeneration,and_17_orhatedby
others.
Modernbiographersrespectthefacts,asindeedthey_18_.But
wepayapricefortheir_19_,forintheireffortstoshow“thewhole
person”,theytellusmoreaboutwereallyneedtoknowabouttheirprivate
lives,familysecret,andhumanweakness.Thetruegreatnessofafine
personisoftenforgotteninthe_20—.
第1題:
A.boom
B.explosion
C.outbreak
D.burst
參考答案:B
答案解析:
explosion1)(大規(guī)模的、迅猛的)擴張,激增,如apopulationexplosion2)(感
情、笑聲等)爆發(fā),迸發(fā)。anexplosionofrage大發(fā)雷霆。boom景氣,興旺。
1
outbreak用于事件。burstl)突然破裂,爆炸2)突發(fā),一陣迸發(fā)(一般指活動)。
第2題:
A.so
B.such
C.much
D.too
參考答案:A
答案解析:
S0o聯(lián)系上文的"suchdeepsorrow,suchmourning""那樣多的",不用"such
D項邏輯不通,因為,作者不是嫌太多。比較:suchbadpeople這樣的壞
人。such在這種情況下,并不修飾后面的形容詞,而是修飾后面的整個短語。
這點與so不同。
第3題:
A.It
B.This
C.That
D.There
參考答案:D
答案解析:
There。其他各項不合語法。
第4題:
A.that
B.but
C.and
D.as
參考答案:A
答案解析:
thato這是個定語從句。比較:WhathaveIdonethatmakesyousoangry?
我做了什么讓你那么生氣?
第5題:
A.what
B.how
C.where
D.why
參考答案:B
答案解析:
2
howowhat不合邏輯,因為,express己有賓語。where,why不合語意,因為,
這里是強調Lennon的歌正是人們心中的歌。
第6題:
A.guide
B.spirit
C.soul
D.model
參考答案:A
答案解析:
guide向導,從意思上講。guide最貼切,強調“向導”之意。soul,spirit—
般指運動、組織的中心人物。
第7題:
A.progressive
B.advanced
C.ahead
D.superior
參考答案:C
答案解析:
aheado習慣搭配。aheadof在…前面。這里指定在人們的前面,從而證明第26
個空格更應填A.
第8題:
A.perspectives
B.prospects
C.horizons
D.spectacles
參考答案:C
答案解析:
horizons(喻)眼界,見識。opennewhorizons開辟了新視野。perspective,
prospect遠景,前景,用來指事物發(fā)展的前景,而horizon指能看到新的東西
的領域。原文是說,讓我們看到了新東西。
第9題:
A.venture
B.risk
C.exploit
D.attempt
參考答案:A
3
答案解析:
venture鼓起勇氣前進。risk不具備這一意思。todare敢于行動。
第10題:
A.annoyed
B.depressed
C.dismayed
D.troubled
參考答案:D
答案解析:
troubled動蕩不安。其余各項多用來修飾人。annoyed惱怒的。depressed悶悶
不樂的。dismayed驚愕的。
第11題:
A.ideal
B.superb
C.perfect
D.supreme
參考答案:C
答案解析:
perfectosuperb壯麗的,華麗的;超等的,極好的。supreme至高無上的。
第12題:
A.ignore
B.neglect
C.forget
D.obscure
參考答案:A
答案解析:
ignoreoneglect側重于無意的忽視。obscurevt.使暗,遮掩。本句是說,對
于Lennon的缺點,人們采取了淡化態(tài)度,盡管知道,但不予以追究。
第13題:
A.positive
B.indispensable
C.essential
D.incredible
參考答案:A
答案解析:
positiveoB、C項一般不用在contribution之前。incredible令人難以置信的。
4
indispensable不可缺少的。
第14題:
A.opposite
B.adversary
C.debased
D.low
參考答案:D
答案解析:
lowoadversary對手,敵手。debased降低了的,貶低了的。opposite不用在
這種結構中。一般我們只說havealow(high)opinionof-**
第15題:
A.unusual
B.common
C.incredulous
D.unbelievable
參考答案:A
答案解析:
unusualoincredulous不輕信的。
第16題:
A.villain
B.evil
C.demon
D.devil
參考答案:A
答案解析:
villaino壞人。其他各項過重。
第17題:
A.despised
B.prejudiced
C.prosecuted
D.biased
參考答案:A
答案解析:
despisedoprosecutevt.對?..起訴,檢舉,告發(fā)。bias使有偏見。
第18題:
5
A.would
B.should
C.will
D.shall
參考答案:B
答案解析:
should應該。上文講的都是理所當然的事,因而應該予以尊重。
第19題:
A.truthfulness
B.sincere
C.loyalty
D.frank
參考答案:A
答案解析:
truthfulness說真話,誠實。loyalty忠誠。
第20題:
A.display
B.demonstration
C.exhibition
D.show
參考答案:A
答案解析:
display展示。demonstration。說明。證明。exhibition表現(xiàn)。show表演。display
側重于明顯的令人難堪的展示,或強調一種炫耀性。這里指盡情暴露別人的方方
面面。
多項選擇
Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant
varietiesdevelopedthroughmoderntechnologies,includinggenetic
transformation.Someofthenewvarietiesincludeplantsproducingan
insect-toxicproteinandplantsresistanttoapopularherbicide.
Benefitsderivedfromthesevarietiesincludereducedtillage,thus
savingtopsoil,andreduceduseofharshherbicidesandchemical
insecticidesthatcancontaminatesoilandwater.
ThecommercialuseofgeneticallymodifiedcropsintheUnited
Statessince1993hastakenplaceaftercomprehensivescientificreviews
andapprovalbyregulatoryprocessesintheUSDepartmentofAgriculture
andEnvironmenta
6
[聽力原文]
參考譯文
近年來,美國農(nóng)業(yè)采用了通過包括轉基因技術在內的現(xiàn)代技術發(fā)展起來的
作物新品種。一些新品種可以產(chǎn)生杭昆蟲的毒性蛋白,另一些則能抵杭一種通用
的除草劑。這些新品種的益處在于可以減少耕作進而保護表層土壤,還可以減少
難聞的污染水和土壤的除草劑和殺蟲劑的使用。
在美國,自1993年來,經(jīng)過全面科學檢測、并通過了美國農(nóng)業(yè)及環(huán)境保
護局管理程序的許可后,轉基因作物開始在美國進行商業(yè)化推廣。對源自轉基因
作物的食品和飼料,如食用油、含蛋白質類食物及全糧的使用必須經(jīng)過食品及藥
品管理會的批準,在法規(guī)檢查之中,動植物科學家以及醫(yī)學科學會的許多成員參
加了對轉基因技術及相關產(chǎn)品安全性研究及成果的討論。結果,1999年,美國
40%以上的玉米、50%以上的棉花和45%以上的大豆將進行轉基因改良,這將
使化學殺蟲劑的使用減少數(shù)百萬磅。
過去的一年中,大眾媒體中出現(xiàn)越來越多的社論和文章一最初在歐洲,最
近在美國一以夸張的語言描述了使用轉基因技術作物品種和食品的“危害及不可
預知的后果。在一些歐洲國家,這種歇斯底里的蠱惑幾乎動搖了公眾對所有食品
的信心。顯然,美國的監(jiān)測和批準系統(tǒng)沒能說服歐洲民眾。盡管許多相關現(xiàn)代農(nóng)
作物改良技術都是美歐共同開發(fā)的,但兩個大陸的民眾對轉基因技術產(chǎn)品的反應
卻極為不同。在歐洲I,許多因素,比如對瘋牛病的擔憂、缺乏有效而透明的法規(guī)
監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)、政府和大機構的不信任等,都助長了這種反應。20世紀90年代初期,
歐洲公眾對轉基因實地試驗的反應未能使政府加入到這場討論中,相比之下,美
國在1986年到1987年進行了最初的實地實驗后就在科學家、管理者、農(nóng)場主以
及環(huán)境保護主義者間展開了公開的討論,所有問題和資料都被公開,以實驗的形
式解決疑慮,從而做出了適當?shù)臎Q定。
第21題:
Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant
varietiesto
A.increaseproduction.
B.improvethetasteandnutrientoffarmproduce.
C.reducetheuseofchemicalpesticides.
D.demonstratethewondersworkedbymoderntechnology.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
“Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant
varieties...n;“reducedharshherbicidesandchemicalinsecticides...”
黑體部分提示了答案。
第22題:
7
Thesecondparagraphsuggests
A.it'sbynomeanseasyforthepublictoacceptthegenetically
modifiedcrops.
B.theapplicationofgeneticallymodifiedcropsentailsscientific
reviews,approvalbygovernmentagencies,discussionsbyscientistsand
communicationswiththepublic.
C.thesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedcropshasnotyetbeenproved.
D.theuseofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,thoughmoney-saving,remains
controversialintheUS.
參考答案:B
答案解析:
文章第一句提示了答案。
第23題:
TogetthegeneticallymodifiedcropsacceptedinEurope,scientists
should
A.askgovernmentalagenciesforhelp.
B.publicizethebenefitsofthem.
C.winthetrustofgovernmentonthefirstplace.
D.engageindialoguewiththepublicratherthanretreatfromit.
參考答案:D
答案解析:
“InEurope,factorssuchasconcernovermadcowdisease.Lackof
effectiveandtransparentregulatoryoversightandthemistrustof
governmentandlargeorganizationsappeartopromotethecurrentfuror.”
“ThepublicresponsetofieldtestsinEuropeduringtheearly1990s
failedtodrawgovernmentalagenciesintothediscussion.”這兩句說明
公眾對轉基因食物有憂慮、對政府有誤解,需要做溝通工作。
第24題:
Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe
A.”FacingFearofBiotechnology”.
B.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:YesorNo”.
C.”NewPlantVarieties:FruitofModernTechnology.
D.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:WhoCares”.
參考答案:A
答案解析:
文章主要談及了人們對轉基因食物這種生物科技產(chǎn)品的憂慮和擔心,提出人類應
該如何面對這種新科技產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)實問題,因此[A]為合適的題目。
第25題:
8
Thelastparagraphismainlyabout
A.foodsafety.
B.thedangersandunknowneffectsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.
C.Americabeingcriticizedforintroducingnewcropvarieties.
D.Americans'andEuropeans'differentresponsetonewcropvarieties.
參考答案:D
答案解析:
從“Althoughmanyoftherelevanttechnologiesusedinmoderncrop
improvementwereco-developedintheUnitedStatesandEurope,the
responseofthepublictoresultingproductsonthetwocontinentshas
beenverydifferent.”可得知答案。
Legitimacyhaslongbeenconsideredessentialtoanorganization,s
continuedexistence.Thoughintangible,likeabrand,itamountstoade
factolicensetooperateconferredonafirmbythoseitcomesintocontact
with.Legitimacyisearnedwhenthereissatisfactionabouthowcompanies
aregovernedintermsofinclusivity,transparencyandaccountability.
Itisnotastaticresource,butisbuiltorerodedovertime.
Iraqpresentsfirmswithuniquelegitimacychallenges,not
leastintermsofidentifyingthosewhocanconferitinacountrywhere
civilsocietyhasbeenrepressedfordecades.Thecoststobusinessof
theongoingconflictarebothindirect一thebreakdowningovernance,
trustandtolerance,andtheunderminingofenvironmentalandeconomic
capitalanddirect一thehighercostofsecurityandotherformsofrisk
management,lostmaterials,capital,personnel,litigation,opportunity
costs,andthedamagetoreputation.InMay2000,theEconomistdescribed
theriskscompaniesfaceinconflictzones:"pipelinescanbeblownup
bycrookedpartners.Fragileeconomiescancollapse.Andinrecentyears,
firmsdoingbusinessincountieswithunpleasantgovernmentshavebeen
pilloriedbynon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs),endangeringthemost
pricelessofassets,theirgoodname."Anunstableenvironmentisalso
adisincentiveforthesubstantialinvestmentrequiredoverlongperiods
byoilcompanies,andmanygavepostponedadecisionoverIraqpending
theestablishmentofalegitimateregime.SirPhilipWatts,chairmanof
RoyalDutch/Shell,exemplifiedthisstanceinJuly:"Thesafetyofour
peopleisparamount.Therehastobepropersecurity,legitimateauthority
andalegitimateprocess一bywhichwewillbeabletonegotiate
agreementthatwouldbelong-standingfordecades.Wewouldn,tgointo
thatsituationunlesstheseconditionsweresatisfiedbecausewearea
long-termprojectsandweneedtheframeworkinwhichwecanmakethis
sortofinvestmentdecision.”
Thechallengesaresufficienttoensurethatonlythose
companiespreparedtotakealong-termviewshouldventurein,andsuch
9
aventurewhichwillbeuniquelyexposedshouldinstabilityendure.
Stabilitywillnotcomewhiletheregimeisregardedas
illegitimate.ThatillegitimacyisreflectedonbusinessesenteringIraq
undergovernmentsponsorshipandonthosethatpayinsufficientregard
totheirlocalpartners.Businesscanbegintobreakthecycleandearn
itsownlegitimacybyattendingtoitsinternalsadministration,ensuring
itisinclusive,transparentandaccountabletoIraqis.Inthisway,
companiescanalsohelptoconferlegitimacyontheinterimauthority,
creatingavirtuouscirclebuildingtowardsthestabilitythatfirmsneed
tooperateprofitablyforthelongterm.Conversely,businessesthatfail
toengageadequatelywillmerelyunderminefurthertheIraqissenseof
involvementintheirownfutureandsocontributetothedownwardspiral
ofinstability.
第26題:
Inthefirstparagraph,legitimacyisanasset.
A.gainedsmoothlyandswiftlywhiletradingwithotherfirms
B.likeacredentialfortransactionbusiness
C.toretainacompany,sinclusivity,transparency,andaccountability
D.awardedbygovernmentorpartnerswhentheyaresatisfied
參考答案:B
答案解析:
文章大意:這是一篇經(jīng)濟類文章,講述了合法性企業(yè)發(fā)展的問題。通過介紹Iraq
當前政權不合法、環(huán)境因素險惡等不利條件,說明在伊境內創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)的重大風險。
[B]B項是“itamountstoadefactolicensetooperateconferredona
firmbythoseitcomesintocontactwith”的另一種說法。
第27題:
Howdoyouunderstandthefirstsentenceinsecondparagraph?
A.CompaniesinIraqunderdictatorialregimelacklegitimacy
B.CompaniesinIraqfacemoresecurityproblemssinceitisa
conflictingzone
C.Theunstableenvironmentdetersinvestment
D.Stemgovernancerepressedcivilsocietythatindirectlyharmed
commercialdevelopment
參考答案:A
答案解析:
[A]見難句解析。
io
第28題:
AccordingtoEconomist,sdescriptioninMay2000,companiesinconflict
zonesfacedfollowingrisksEXCEPT.
A.incredibilityofcooperators
B.dangeroflosingitsgoodname
C.thepresentpoliticalclimateinIraq
D.uncertaintyofeconomy
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[C]C中關于伊拉克當前的政治狀況不在經(jīng)濟學家的分析中,其他項的“合作
伙伴可信度低;名譽喪失的危險;經(jīng)濟不確定性”都有原文依據(jù)。
第29題:
WhatSirPhilipWattssaidimpliesthat.
A.SirPhilipWattswillbynomeansinvestorlaunchbusinessinIraq
B.presentlyonlythosecompanieswhoplantotakeshort-termbusiness
daretosetuptheirbusinessinIraq
C.legitimateauthorityisthekeypointamongallriskyfactorsnow
inIraq
D.mostlocalfirmsinIraqareillegitimateanduntrustworthy
參考答案:C
答案解析:
[C]legitimateauthority在Watts的整段話中被重點強調。另外,Watts的
言論背景在文中也有介紹,amanyhavepostponeda...establishmentofa
legitimateregime。
第30題:
Fromthelastparagraph,wecanconclude.
A.businessenteringIraqcanexpandprosperouslywiththeguidance
ofgovernment
B.temporarygovernmentinIraqcanneverbetrusted
C.thereisstillcertainleewayforbusinesstoestablishlegitimacy
inIraq
D.withoutstabilityforeignbusinesscansurviveprofitablyforlong
timeinIraq
參考答案:c
答案解析:
[C]最后一段介紹了企業(yè)在伊拉克目前情況下如何求取生存,獲得一定的合法
性,正是C項的意思。A,B,D均為錯誤項。
Text1
11
Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeath
ofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillbehard
toswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalue
inlongerterm.Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunities
andadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimes
becooperators,sometimescompetitors,andsometimesbothatonce.
Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochange
theirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.In
placeofclassictheoryofdiminishingreturnsasresourcesandmarkets
areexploited,economistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.
uIncreasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfarther
ahead,“hesays."Ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology■—oneofmany
competinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasing
returnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanyortechnologycan
goontolockinthemarket."Asaresult,acompanycanmakeakilling
fromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors'.
AccordingtoArthur,oneofthebestexamplesofincreasing
returnsisDOS,theMicrosoftdiscoperatingsystemforpersonalcomputers.
Althoughwidelyseenasinferior,itneverthelesscametodominatethe
market.
Withinthepersonalcomputerecosystems,IBM(usingDOS)and
Appleestablishedseparatenetworksofcommittedusersandsoftware
supplierswritingtoDOSorMacintoshstandards.Crucially,IBMdidnot
stopotherfirmsbuilding"clones”ofitsPC.ThenumberofPCsmushroomed,
allofthemsupportedbyDOS.Asaresult,DOSbecamethe800-poundgorilla
inthemarketplace.
Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingfundamental
incommon,thereisdisconcertingnewsforbosses."Thefirstruleof
complexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriend
andwhoisanenemy,“saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhich
apredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,species
A,tothrive.ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethe
predatorhasanotherprey,speciesB,competingwithspeciesA.Withthe
populationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayeven
pushspeciesAtolocalextinction.
Businessecosystemsfacethesameproblemofdecidingwhois
afriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn,tstophere."When
everythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,
changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,“saysPimm.
uSometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”
(447words)
1.inplaceof…代替
2.makeakilling[vt.]賺大錢
3.mushroom[v.]迅速擴散或增加
12
4.prey[n.]被掠食者,被剝削者[同義]ravage,depredation
5.predator[n.]奴役他人者
[聽力原文]
參考譯文
對傳統(tǒng)商界、經(jīng)濟界人士而言,把舊式競爭方式的死亡看作是通向成功的
首選路線,這是讓人難以接受的。但是,新的觀點認為,從長遠的觀點來看,達
爾文式的競爭價值有限。更重要的挑戰(zhàn)是能夠在置身于復雜的同伴網(wǎng)絡中一有時
是合作者,有時是競爭者,有時是兩者兼而有之一還能夠創(chuàng)造機會并適應變化。
正如經(jīng)濟網(wǎng)絡的觀念正在迫使公司改變經(jīng)營策略一樣,它同時也正在改變
對經(jīng)濟的看法。傳統(tǒng)理論認為,隨著資源和市場的開發(fā),利潤就會隨之降低。然
而,經(jīng)濟學家Arthur的觀點卻恰巧相反,他認為利潤在增加。他說:“不斷增
加的利潤就是對未來趨勢的展望和不斷前進。如果一個產(chǎn)品、一個公司或一項技
術(有許多在市場上競爭)偶然或憑計謀領先,漸增的利潤能使它們擴大,產(chǎn)品或
公司或技術可以進而固定它在市場占有的地位?!苯Y果公司就能從一種競爭力不
強的產(chǎn)品中獲取暴利。
Arthur稱,漸增的利潤的最好的例證就是DOS一微軟的個人電腦磁盤操作
系統(tǒng)。雖然人們普遍認為它不及美國的同類產(chǎn)品,但它卻壟斷了市場。
在個人計算機生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,IBM(使用DOS)和APPLE公司分別建立了自己
的用戶網(wǎng)和根據(jù)DOS或Macintosh標準編寫程序的軟件供應商。關鍵是IBM沒有
制止其他公司對它的個人機進行“克隆”。個人機的數(shù)量劇增,而他們全是DOS
系統(tǒng)支持的,就這樣DOS系統(tǒng)成為市場上的搶手貨。
如果經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有基本共同點的話,那將是老板們的噩耗。皮姆
說:“復雜系統(tǒng)的第一個規(guī)則是,幾乎不可能預言誰是敵誰是友”。他描述了這
樣一個野外試驗:當一種食肉動物被驅逐出某一生物群落(community)后,你也
許會期望它的被捕食者A會快速繁衍,然而有接近一半時間,物種A遭受不幸,
這是因為這種食肉動物又找到了另一種獵物一物種B,且與物種A競爭。由于物
種B的數(shù)量不再受到食肉動物的控制,它甚至可能排擠物種A,使它在當?shù)販缃^。
經(jīng)濟生態(tài)系統(tǒng)同樣面臨著區(qū)別敵友的問題。噩耗不止于此,皮姆說:“當
所有事務直接或間接與其外部事物相關聯(lián)時,局部的變動會蔓延到全局,有時一
個物種自身沒有任何問題,會完全因為外部原因而滅亡。”
第31題:
Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongertermbecause
A.it'shardtodistinguishtherelationshipbetweenbusinessesin
modernsociety.
B.old-stylecompetitionremainstobethenumber-oneroutetosuccess.
C.thebusinessstylesarecompletelydifferentfromecosystems.
D.competitioninmodernsocietyisbasedonthestrengthofscience
andtechnology.
13
參考答案:A
答案解析:
因為“Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunitiesandadapt
tochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbe
cooperators,sometimescompetitorsandsometimesbothatonce”,也就
是說在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中已經(jīng)很難分清敵友了,所以"Darwiniancompetitionisof
limitedvalueinlongerterm.”
第32題:
ThesuccessofDOSsuggests
A?it'simportanttoestablishcommittedusers.
B.”clones”byotherbusinessesshouldbeencouraged.
C.viewsabouteconomicsshouldkeepabreastwiththechanging
situations.
D.qualityisthemostimportantforachievingsuccess.
參考答案:C
答案解析:
“Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheir
businessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics."DOS的
成功說明觀點應適應日益變化的形式。
第33題:
Thephrase"makeakilling”(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
A.”makealotofmoney”.
B.suffersgreatloss”.
C."makedo”.
D.”getfurtherahead”.
參考答案:A
答案解析:
從上下文很容易猜測出其含義。
第34題:
Thelastsentenceisintendedtoshow
A.thehopelessnessofspecies.
B.thepotentialdangershiddeninbusinessecosystems.
C.thecloseinterrelationshipbetween“species”inbusiness
ecosystems.
D.howbadthenewsisforbosses
參考答案:C
答案解析:
最后一段旨在說明在商業(yè)行為中同樣存在分清敵友的問題?!癝ometimesspecies
14
maygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown”說明species之間直接或間
接的關系非常密切,雖然本身狀況良好卻可能由于其它物種的情況變化而使自己
趨于滅絕。
第35題:
Accordingtotheauthor,therelationshipofbusinessesinmodernsociety
A.issimilartothatheldbytraditionalists.
B.isgettingmuchmorecomplex.
C.isthesamewiththatofanimals.
D.isnotmentionedinthetext.
參考答案:B
答案解析:
從第一段看,公司之間的關系有時是合作伙伴,有時是競爭對手,有時二者兼而
有之;從最后一段及倒數(shù)第二段看,在現(xiàn)代社會“很難分清敵友”,所有這些都
說明,businesses之間的關系變得越來越錯綜復雜。
Thechieffunctionsoftheheartaretosendbloodtothelungs,so
thattheycanreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair,andthentopumpthis
oxygenateduponthisreceivingaconstantsupplyofoxygenatedblood.This
isparticulartruefortheheartitselfwhichcontracts10,000timesa
day,andrequiresaverylargeamountofoxygenforconversionintothe
energynecessarytoproduceregularandefficientcontractions.Theheart
muscle,ormyocardium,receivesitsoxygenatedbloodfromthemainartery,
oraorta,whichleadsoutoftheheart.Thefirstarteriesthatarefed
bytheaortaarethetwocoronaryarteries,socalledbecausetheycircle
likeacrown一theupperpartoftheheart.
Itisobviousthatanydecreaseinthisbloodsupplymightimpair
thefunctionsoftheheart.
Inadequatebloodsupplytothemyocardiumresultseitherfrom
adecreaseinthebloodflowthroughthecoronaryarteries,orfroman
increaseinthedemandsoftheheartmusclewithoutanycorresponding
increaseincoronarybloodflow.Ofthese,decreasedflowisthemore
common,anditisduetostructuralchangesinthewallsofthecoronary
arteries.Lossofelasticity,increasedrigidity,fatty,fibrous,and
evenbonychangesoccurpatchilyalongtheinnercoatsofthecoronary
arteries,andareknownasatherosclerosis.
Seriousdiseaseofthecoronaryarteriescanleadtotheir
obstructioneithergraduallyorsuddenly.Whentheobstructionisgradual,
itwillcausesomeisolatedmusclefirestodieanddepriveoftheirsource
ofenergy.Thechangemaybesogradualthatitneverleadstoanysymptoms,
orontheotherhand,itmayresultinthepainofanginapectoris(心
絞痛).Suddenobstructionofoneofthecoronaryarteriescutoffallthe
flowofbloodtoareaoftheheartmusclebeyondtheobstructionand
15
usuallyresultsinthesevere,prolonged,andintensepainofaheart
attack,andwhenitoccursatacriticalsite,theresultmaybe
disastrous.
Coronaryatherosclerosisisnotanewdisease.Ithasbeenfound
inthemummifiedbodiesofmenwholived5,000years.Moreover,thereis
evidencetosuggestthatitmaynotbeincreasing.Yettherehas,in
contrast,beenanalarmingincreaseinanginaandincoronaryheart
attacksduringthelastfortyyears.Thereisnodoubtthattofindan
explanationofthisbigincreaseisoneofthemostpressingproblemsfor
medicalresearchtoday.
Oneoftheearliestchangesinthedevelopmentof
atherosclerosisistheappearanceintheinnercoatsofthearteryofa
fat,calledcholesterol;andasthearteryisprogressivelydestroy,a
largeamountofcholesterolaccumulates.FiftyyearsagoRussianresearch,
workersshowedthatcholesterolfedtorabbitsproducedchangesvery
similartohumancoronaryatherosclerosis.Thereissufficientevidence
tosuggestthattherichnessofourWesterndietmaybeoneofthe
contributorycausesofcoronaryheartattacks,butitisfarfromclear
whetherthisisduetoanexcessofcalories,thehighproteincontent,
thehighfatcontent,oreventocertaininourdiet.Atpresent,itis
notpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausal
relationshipbetweentheamountoffatorthetypeoffatweeatandthe
incidenceofheartattacks.
a
第36題:
Whatisthechieffunctionoftheheart?
A.Makingbloodreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair.
B.Pumpingoxygenatedbloodalloverthebody.
C.Sendingbloodtothelungs.
D.Makingtheactivityofeverytissueinbodyworkinorder.
參考答案:c
答案解析:
文章大意:文章主要介紹了冠心病的形成和危害,以及飲食等對冠心病的影響。
[C]文章第一段敘述了關于心臟功能的內容。將血液壓入肺部是心臟最主要的
功能,其他各項是血液進入肺部之后的一系列過程。
第37題:
Thefactorsthatcancauseatherosclerosisexcept
A.thedecreaseinsupplytoheart
B.lossofelasticity
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