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[模擬]考研英語模擬263

多項選擇

Thequalitiesrequiredofaherovarywiththetime,andsomegreat

figuresofacertainperiodwouldsurprisethepeopleofanother

generation.Considerthe_1_ofloveandgriefthatfollowedthedeath

ofJohnLennoninDecember1980.Fewdeathshavecausedsuchdeep

sorrow,suchmourning,in_2_manycountriesthroughthehistoryofthe

world._3_isnodoubtthatLennonwasaheroforhismourners.Why?What

hadhedone_4_wassoremarkable?”Johnwasnotjustamusician,“

saysoneofhisadmirers.Hehadknown_5_toexpressmygeneration,s

feelingsinthelate1960s.Hewasourvoiceandour_6_;hechangedwith

usovertheyears,alwaysalittle_7_ofus;heopenednew_8_forus

andencouragedusto_9_farther,todare.Toushetalkedofloveand

peace;hewasabigbrotherweneedina_10_time.uSomeofLennon,s

admirersmayhavebeenawarethathewasnot_11Buttheychoseto_12_

hisdarksidetoremaingratefulforthe_13_contributionhehadmade

intheirlives.Therearesurelymanypeoplewhodon,tconsiderLennona

hero,whoinfacthaveavery_14_opinionofhim.Butitisnot_15_

forone,sherotobeanotherperson,s_16_.Thinkofallthe

leaders,revolutionaries,andconquerorswhoaredeeplyrespectedbyone

nation,onereligiousgroup,oronegeneration,and_17_orhatedby

others.

Modernbiographersrespectthefacts,asindeedthey_18_.But

wepayapricefortheir_19_,forintheireffortstoshow“thewhole

person”,theytellusmoreaboutwereallyneedtoknowabouttheirprivate

lives,familysecret,andhumanweakness.Thetruegreatnessofafine

personisoftenforgotteninthe_20—.

第1題:

A.boom

B.explosion

C.outbreak

D.burst

參考答案:B

答案解析:

explosion1)(大規(guī)模的、迅猛的)擴張,激增,如apopulationexplosion2)(感

情、笑聲等)爆發(fā),迸發(fā)。anexplosionofrage大發(fā)雷霆。boom景氣,興旺。

1

outbreak用于事件。burstl)突然破裂,爆炸2)突發(fā),一陣迸發(fā)(一般指活動)。

第2題:

A.so

B.such

C.much

D.too

參考答案:A

答案解析:

S0o聯(lián)系上文的"suchdeepsorrow,suchmourning""那樣多的",不用"such

D項邏輯不通,因為,作者不是嫌太多。比較:suchbadpeople這樣的壞

人。such在這種情況下,并不修飾后面的形容詞,而是修飾后面的整個短語。

這點與so不同。

第3題:

A.It

B.This

C.That

D.There

參考答案:D

答案解析:

There。其他各項不合語法。

第4題:

A.that

B.but

C.and

D.as

參考答案:A

答案解析:

thato這是個定語從句。比較:WhathaveIdonethatmakesyousoangry?

我做了什么讓你那么生氣?

第5題:

A.what

B.how

C.where

D.why

參考答案:B

答案解析:

2

howowhat不合邏輯,因為,express己有賓語。where,why不合語意,因為,

這里是強調Lennon的歌正是人們心中的歌。

第6題:

A.guide

B.spirit

C.soul

D.model

參考答案:A

答案解析:

guide向導,從意思上講。guide最貼切,強調“向導”之意。soul,spirit—

般指運動、組織的中心人物。

第7題:

A.progressive

B.advanced

C.ahead

D.superior

參考答案:C

答案解析:

aheado習慣搭配。aheadof在…前面。這里指定在人們的前面,從而證明第26

個空格更應填A.

第8題:

A.perspectives

B.prospects

C.horizons

D.spectacles

參考答案:C

答案解析:

horizons(喻)眼界,見識。opennewhorizons開辟了新視野。perspective,

prospect遠景,前景,用來指事物發(fā)展的前景,而horizon指能看到新的東西

的領域。原文是說,讓我們看到了新東西。

第9題:

A.venture

B.risk

C.exploit

D.attempt

參考答案:A

3

答案解析:

venture鼓起勇氣前進。risk不具備這一意思。todare敢于行動。

第10題:

A.annoyed

B.depressed

C.dismayed

D.troubled

參考答案:D

答案解析:

troubled動蕩不安。其余各項多用來修飾人。annoyed惱怒的。depressed悶悶

不樂的。dismayed驚愕的。

第11題:

A.ideal

B.superb

C.perfect

D.supreme

參考答案:C

答案解析:

perfectosuperb壯麗的,華麗的;超等的,極好的。supreme至高無上的。

第12題:

A.ignore

B.neglect

C.forget

D.obscure

參考答案:A

答案解析:

ignoreoneglect側重于無意的忽視。obscurevt.使暗,遮掩。本句是說,對

于Lennon的缺點,人們采取了淡化態(tài)度,盡管知道,但不予以追究。

第13題:

A.positive

B.indispensable

C.essential

D.incredible

參考答案:A

答案解析:

positiveoB、C項一般不用在contribution之前。incredible令人難以置信的。

4

indispensable不可缺少的。

第14題:

A.opposite

B.adversary

C.debased

D.low

參考答案:D

答案解析:

lowoadversary對手,敵手。debased降低了的,貶低了的。opposite不用在

這種結構中。一般我們只說havealow(high)opinionof-**

第15題:

A.unusual

B.common

C.incredulous

D.unbelievable

參考答案:A

答案解析:

unusualoincredulous不輕信的。

第16題:

A.villain

B.evil

C.demon

D.devil

參考答案:A

答案解析:

villaino壞人。其他各項過重。

第17題:

A.despised

B.prejudiced

C.prosecuted

D.biased

參考答案:A

答案解析:

despisedoprosecutevt.對?..起訴,檢舉,告發(fā)。bias使有偏見。

第18題:

5

A.would

B.should

C.will

D.shall

參考答案:B

答案解析:

should應該。上文講的都是理所當然的事,因而應該予以尊重。

第19題:

A.truthfulness

B.sincere

C.loyalty

D.frank

參考答案:A

答案解析:

truthfulness說真話,誠實。loyalty忠誠。

第20題:

A.display

B.demonstration

C.exhibition

D.show

參考答案:A

答案解析:

display展示。demonstration。說明。證明。exhibition表現(xiàn)。show表演。display

側重于明顯的令人難堪的展示,或強調一種炫耀性。這里指盡情暴露別人的方方

面面。

多項選擇

Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant

varietiesdevelopedthroughmoderntechnologies,includinggenetic

transformation.Someofthenewvarietiesincludeplantsproducingan

insect-toxicproteinandplantsresistanttoapopularherbicide.

Benefitsderivedfromthesevarietiesincludereducedtillage,thus

savingtopsoil,andreduceduseofharshherbicidesandchemical

insecticidesthatcancontaminatesoilandwater.

ThecommercialuseofgeneticallymodifiedcropsintheUnited

Statessince1993hastakenplaceaftercomprehensivescientificreviews

andapprovalbyregulatoryprocessesintheUSDepartmentofAgriculture

andEnvironmenta

6

[聽力原文]

參考譯文

近年來,美國農(nóng)業(yè)采用了通過包括轉基因技術在內的現(xiàn)代技術發(fā)展起來的

作物新品種。一些新品種可以產(chǎn)生杭昆蟲的毒性蛋白,另一些則能抵杭一種通用

的除草劑。這些新品種的益處在于可以減少耕作進而保護表層土壤,還可以減少

難聞的污染水和土壤的除草劑和殺蟲劑的使用。

在美國,自1993年來,經(jīng)過全面科學檢測、并通過了美國農(nóng)業(yè)及環(huán)境保

護局管理程序的許可后,轉基因作物開始在美國進行商業(yè)化推廣。對源自轉基因

作物的食品和飼料,如食用油、含蛋白質類食物及全糧的使用必須經(jīng)過食品及藥

品管理會的批準,在法規(guī)檢查之中,動植物科學家以及醫(yī)學科學會的許多成員參

加了對轉基因技術及相關產(chǎn)品安全性研究及成果的討論。結果,1999年,美國

40%以上的玉米、50%以上的棉花和45%以上的大豆將進行轉基因改良,這將

使化學殺蟲劑的使用減少數(shù)百萬磅。

過去的一年中,大眾媒體中出現(xiàn)越來越多的社論和文章一最初在歐洲,最

近在美國一以夸張的語言描述了使用轉基因技術作物品種和食品的“危害及不可

預知的后果。在一些歐洲國家,這種歇斯底里的蠱惑幾乎動搖了公眾對所有食品

的信心。顯然,美國的監(jiān)測和批準系統(tǒng)沒能說服歐洲民眾。盡管許多相關現(xiàn)代農(nóng)

作物改良技術都是美歐共同開發(fā)的,但兩個大陸的民眾對轉基因技術產(chǎn)品的反應

卻極為不同。在歐洲I,許多因素,比如對瘋牛病的擔憂、缺乏有效而透明的法規(guī)

監(jiān)管系統(tǒng)、政府和大機構的不信任等,都助長了這種反應。20世紀90年代初期,

歐洲公眾對轉基因實地試驗的反應未能使政府加入到這場討論中,相比之下,美

國在1986年到1987年進行了最初的實地實驗后就在科學家、管理者、農(nóng)場主以

及環(huán)境保護主義者間展開了公開的討論,所有問題和資料都被公開,以實驗的形

式解決疑慮,從而做出了適當?shù)臎Q定。

第21題:

Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant

varietiesto

A.increaseproduction.

B.improvethetasteandnutrientoffarmproduce.

C.reducetheuseofchemicalpesticides.

D.demonstratethewondersworkedbymoderntechnology.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

“Inrecentyears,theUSagriculturalcommunityhasadoptednewplant

varieties...n;“reducedharshherbicidesandchemicalinsecticides...”

黑體部分提示了答案。

第22題:

7

Thesecondparagraphsuggests

A.it'sbynomeanseasyforthepublictoacceptthegenetically

modifiedcrops.

B.theapplicationofgeneticallymodifiedcropsentailsscientific

reviews,approvalbygovernmentagencies,discussionsbyscientistsand

communicationswiththepublic.

C.thesafetyofgeneticallymodifiedcropshasnotyetbeenproved.

D.theuseofgeneticallymodifiedcrops,thoughmoney-saving,remains

controversialintheUS.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

文章第一句提示了答案。

第23題:

TogetthegeneticallymodifiedcropsacceptedinEurope,scientists

should

A.askgovernmentalagenciesforhelp.

B.publicizethebenefitsofthem.

C.winthetrustofgovernmentonthefirstplace.

D.engageindialoguewiththepublicratherthanretreatfromit.

參考答案:D

答案解析:

“InEurope,factorssuchasconcernovermadcowdisease.Lackof

effectiveandtransparentregulatoryoversightandthemistrustof

governmentandlargeorganizationsappeartopromotethecurrentfuror.”

“ThepublicresponsetofieldtestsinEuropeduringtheearly1990s

failedtodrawgovernmentalagenciesintothediscussion.”這兩句說明

公眾對轉基因食物有憂慮、對政府有誤解,需要做溝通工作。

第24題:

Thebesttitleforthistextmightbe

A.”FacingFearofBiotechnology”.

B.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:YesorNo”.

C.”NewPlantVarieties:FruitofModernTechnology.

D.^GeneticallyModifiedCrops:WhoCares”.

參考答案:A

答案解析:

文章主要談及了人們對轉基因食物這種生物科技產(chǎn)品的憂慮和擔心,提出人類應

該如何面對這種新科技產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)實問題,因此[A]為合適的題目。

第25題:

8

Thelastparagraphismainlyabout

A.foodsafety.

B.thedangersandunknowneffectsofgeneticallymodifiedcrops.

C.Americabeingcriticizedforintroducingnewcropvarieties.

D.Americans'andEuropeans'differentresponsetonewcropvarieties.

參考答案:D

答案解析:

從“Althoughmanyoftherelevanttechnologiesusedinmoderncrop

improvementwereco-developedintheUnitedStatesandEurope,the

responseofthepublictoresultingproductsonthetwocontinentshas

beenverydifferent.”可得知答案。

Legitimacyhaslongbeenconsideredessentialtoanorganization,s

continuedexistence.Thoughintangible,likeabrand,itamountstoade

factolicensetooperateconferredonafirmbythoseitcomesintocontact

with.Legitimacyisearnedwhenthereissatisfactionabouthowcompanies

aregovernedintermsofinclusivity,transparencyandaccountability.

Itisnotastaticresource,butisbuiltorerodedovertime.

Iraqpresentsfirmswithuniquelegitimacychallenges,not

leastintermsofidentifyingthosewhocanconferitinacountrywhere

civilsocietyhasbeenrepressedfordecades.Thecoststobusinessof

theongoingconflictarebothindirect一thebreakdowningovernance,

trustandtolerance,andtheunderminingofenvironmentalandeconomic

capitalanddirect一thehighercostofsecurityandotherformsofrisk

management,lostmaterials,capital,personnel,litigation,opportunity

costs,andthedamagetoreputation.InMay2000,theEconomistdescribed

theriskscompaniesfaceinconflictzones:"pipelinescanbeblownup

bycrookedpartners.Fragileeconomiescancollapse.Andinrecentyears,

firmsdoingbusinessincountieswithunpleasantgovernmentshavebeen

pilloriedbynon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs),endangeringthemost

pricelessofassets,theirgoodname."Anunstableenvironmentisalso

adisincentiveforthesubstantialinvestmentrequiredoverlongperiods

byoilcompanies,andmanygavepostponedadecisionoverIraqpending

theestablishmentofalegitimateregime.SirPhilipWatts,chairmanof

RoyalDutch/Shell,exemplifiedthisstanceinJuly:"Thesafetyofour

peopleisparamount.Therehastobepropersecurity,legitimateauthority

andalegitimateprocess一bywhichwewillbeabletonegotiate

agreementthatwouldbelong-standingfordecades.Wewouldn,tgointo

thatsituationunlesstheseconditionsweresatisfiedbecausewearea

long-termprojectsandweneedtheframeworkinwhichwecanmakethis

sortofinvestmentdecision.”

Thechallengesaresufficienttoensurethatonlythose

companiespreparedtotakealong-termviewshouldventurein,andsuch

9

aventurewhichwillbeuniquelyexposedshouldinstabilityendure.

Stabilitywillnotcomewhiletheregimeisregardedas

illegitimate.ThatillegitimacyisreflectedonbusinessesenteringIraq

undergovernmentsponsorshipandonthosethatpayinsufficientregard

totheirlocalpartners.Businesscanbegintobreakthecycleandearn

itsownlegitimacybyattendingtoitsinternalsadministration,ensuring

itisinclusive,transparentandaccountabletoIraqis.Inthisway,

companiescanalsohelptoconferlegitimacyontheinterimauthority,

creatingavirtuouscirclebuildingtowardsthestabilitythatfirmsneed

tooperateprofitablyforthelongterm.Conversely,businessesthatfail

toengageadequatelywillmerelyunderminefurthertheIraqissenseof

involvementintheirownfutureandsocontributetothedownwardspiral

ofinstability.

第26題:

Inthefirstparagraph,legitimacyisanasset.

A.gainedsmoothlyandswiftlywhiletradingwithotherfirms

B.likeacredentialfortransactionbusiness

C.toretainacompany,sinclusivity,transparency,andaccountability

D.awardedbygovernmentorpartnerswhentheyaresatisfied

參考答案:B

答案解析:

文章大意:這是一篇經(jīng)濟類文章,講述了合法性企業(yè)發(fā)展的問題。通過介紹Iraq

當前政權不合法、環(huán)境因素險惡等不利條件,說明在伊境內創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)的重大風險。

[B]B項是“itamountstoadefactolicensetooperateconferredona

firmbythoseitcomesintocontactwith”的另一種說法。

第27題:

Howdoyouunderstandthefirstsentenceinsecondparagraph?

A.CompaniesinIraqunderdictatorialregimelacklegitimacy

B.CompaniesinIraqfacemoresecurityproblemssinceitisa

conflictingzone

C.Theunstableenvironmentdetersinvestment

D.Stemgovernancerepressedcivilsocietythatindirectlyharmed

commercialdevelopment

參考答案:A

答案解析:

[A]見難句解析。

io

第28題:

AccordingtoEconomist,sdescriptioninMay2000,companiesinconflict

zonesfacedfollowingrisksEXCEPT.

A.incredibilityofcooperators

B.dangeroflosingitsgoodname

C.thepresentpoliticalclimateinIraq

D.uncertaintyofeconomy

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[C]C中關于伊拉克當前的政治狀況不在經(jīng)濟學家的分析中,其他項的“合作

伙伴可信度低;名譽喪失的危險;經(jīng)濟不確定性”都有原文依據(jù)。

第29題:

WhatSirPhilipWattssaidimpliesthat.

A.SirPhilipWattswillbynomeansinvestorlaunchbusinessinIraq

B.presentlyonlythosecompanieswhoplantotakeshort-termbusiness

daretosetuptheirbusinessinIraq

C.legitimateauthorityisthekeypointamongallriskyfactorsnow

inIraq

D.mostlocalfirmsinIraqareillegitimateanduntrustworthy

參考答案:C

答案解析:

[C]legitimateauthority在Watts的整段話中被重點強調。另外,Watts的

言論背景在文中也有介紹,amanyhavepostponeda...establishmentofa

legitimateregime。

第30題:

Fromthelastparagraph,wecanconclude.

A.businessenteringIraqcanexpandprosperouslywiththeguidance

ofgovernment

B.temporarygovernmentinIraqcanneverbetrusted

C.thereisstillcertainleewayforbusinesstoestablishlegitimacy

inIraq

D.withoutstabilityforeignbusinesscansurviveprofitablyforlong

timeinIraq

參考答案:c

答案解析:

[C]最后一段介紹了企業(yè)在伊拉克目前情況下如何求取生存,獲得一定的合法

性,正是C項的意思。A,B,D均為錯誤項。

Text1

11

Formanytraditionalistsinbusinessandeconomics,thedeath

ofold-stylecompetitionasthenumber-oneroutetosuccesswillbehard

toswallow.Butinthenewview,Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalue

inlongerterm.Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunities

andadapttochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimes

becooperators,sometimescompetitors,andsometimesbothatonce.

Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochange

theirbusinessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics.In

placeofclassictheoryofdiminishingreturnsasresourcesandmarkets

areexploited,economistArthurseeswhathecallsincreasingreturns.

uIncreasingreturnsarethetendencyforwhatisaheadtogetfarther

ahead,“hesays."Ifaproductoracompanyoratechnology■—oneofmany

competinginamarket-getsaheadbychanceorcleverstrategy,increasing

returnscanmagnifythis,andtheproductorcompanyortechnologycan

goontolockinthemarket."Asaresult,acompanycanmakeakilling

fromaproductthatisnotasgoodasitscompetitors'.

AccordingtoArthur,oneofthebestexamplesofincreasing

returnsisDOS,theMicrosoftdiscoperatingsystemforpersonalcomputers.

Althoughwidelyseenasinferior,itneverthelesscametodominatethe

market.

Withinthepersonalcomputerecosystems,IBM(usingDOS)and

Appleestablishedseparatenetworksofcommittedusersandsoftware

supplierswritingtoDOSorMacintoshstandards.Crucially,IBMdidnot

stopotherfirmsbuilding"clones”ofitsPC.ThenumberofPCsmushroomed,

allofthemsupportedbyDOS.Asaresult,DOSbecamethe800-poundgorilla

inthemarketplace.

Ifbusinesssystemsandecosystemshavesomethingfundamental

incommon,thereisdisconcertingnewsforbosses."Thefirstruleof

complexsystemsisthatitisalmostimpossibletopredictwhoisafriend

andwhoisanenemy,“saysPimm.Hedescribesfieldexperimentsinwhich

apredatorisremovedfromacommunity.Youmightexpectitsprey,species

A,tothrive.ButabouthalfthetimespeciesAsuffersbecausethe

predatorhasanotherprey,speciesB,competingwithspeciesA.Withthe

populationofspeciesBnolongerkeptincheckbypredator,itmayeven

pushspeciesAtolocalextinction.

Businessecosystemsfacethesameproblemofdecidingwhois

afriendandwhoisanenemy.Andthebadnewsdoesn,tstophere."When

everythingisconnecteddirectlyorindirectlytoeverythingelse,

changesinonepartofthesystemmaybepropagatedthroughout,“saysPimm.

uSometimesspeciesmaygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown.”

(447words)

1.inplaceof…代替

2.makeakilling[vt.]賺大錢

3.mushroom[v.]迅速擴散或增加

12

4.prey[n.]被掠食者,被剝削者[同義]ravage,depredation

5.predator[n.]奴役他人者

[聽力原文]

參考譯文

對傳統(tǒng)商界、經(jīng)濟界人士而言,把舊式競爭方式的死亡看作是通向成功的

首選路線,這是讓人難以接受的。但是,新的觀點認為,從長遠的觀點來看,達

爾文式的競爭價值有限。更重要的挑戰(zhàn)是能夠在置身于復雜的同伴網(wǎng)絡中一有時

是合作者,有時是競爭者,有時是兩者兼而有之一還能夠創(chuàng)造機會并適應變化。

正如經(jīng)濟網(wǎng)絡的觀念正在迫使公司改變經(jīng)營策略一樣,它同時也正在改變

對經(jīng)濟的看法。傳統(tǒng)理論認為,隨著資源和市場的開發(fā),利潤就會隨之降低。然

而,經(jīng)濟學家Arthur的觀點卻恰巧相反,他認為利潤在增加。他說:“不斷增

加的利潤就是對未來趨勢的展望和不斷前進。如果一個產(chǎn)品、一個公司或一項技

術(有許多在市場上競爭)偶然或憑計謀領先,漸增的利潤能使它們擴大,產(chǎn)品或

公司或技術可以進而固定它在市場占有的地位?!苯Y果公司就能從一種競爭力不

強的產(chǎn)品中獲取暴利。

Arthur稱,漸增的利潤的最好的例證就是DOS一微軟的個人電腦磁盤操作

系統(tǒng)。雖然人們普遍認為它不及美國的同類產(chǎn)品,但它卻壟斷了市場。

在個人計算機生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,IBM(使用DOS)和APPLE公司分別建立了自己

的用戶網(wǎng)和根據(jù)DOS或Macintosh標準編寫程序的軟件供應商。關鍵是IBM沒有

制止其他公司對它的個人機進行“克隆”。個人機的數(shù)量劇增,而他們全是DOS

系統(tǒng)支持的,就這樣DOS系統(tǒng)成為市場上的搶手貨。

如果經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有基本共同點的話,那將是老板們的噩耗。皮姆

說:“復雜系統(tǒng)的第一個規(guī)則是,幾乎不可能預言誰是敵誰是友”。他描述了這

樣一個野外試驗:當一種食肉動物被驅逐出某一生物群落(community)后,你也

許會期望它的被捕食者A會快速繁衍,然而有接近一半時間,物種A遭受不幸,

這是因為這種食肉動物又找到了另一種獵物一物種B,且與物種A競爭。由于物

種B的數(shù)量不再受到食肉動物的控制,它甚至可能排擠物種A,使它在當?shù)販缃^。

經(jīng)濟生態(tài)系統(tǒng)同樣面臨著區(qū)別敵友的問題。噩耗不止于此,皮姆說:“當

所有事務直接或間接與其外部事物相關聯(lián)時,局部的變動會蔓延到全局,有時一

個物種自身沒有任何問題,會完全因為外部原因而滅亡。”

第31題:

Darwiniancompetitionisoflimitedvalueinlongertermbecause

A.it'shardtodistinguishtherelationshipbetweenbusinessesin

modernsociety.

B.old-stylecompetitionremainstobethenumber-oneroutetosuccess.

C.thebusinessstylesarecompletelydifferentfromecosystems.

D.competitioninmodernsocietyisbasedonthestrengthofscience

andtechnology.

13

參考答案:A

答案解析:

因為“Themoreimportantchallengeistocreateopportunitiesandadapt

tochangesinacomplexnetworkofcompaniesthatmaysometimesbe

cooperators,sometimescompetitorsandsometimesbothatonce”,也就

是說在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟中已經(jīng)很難分清敵友了,所以"Darwiniancompetitionisof

limitedvalueinlongerterm.”

第32題:

ThesuccessofDOSsuggests

A?it'simportanttoestablishcommittedusers.

B.”clones”byotherbusinessesshouldbeencouraged.

C.viewsabouteconomicsshouldkeepabreastwiththechanging

situations.

D.qualityisthemostimportantforachievingsuccess.

參考答案:C

答案解析:

“Justastheideaofeconomicwebsisforcingcompaniestochangetheir

businessstrategies,soitisalteringviewsabouteconomics."DOS的

成功說明觀點應適應日益變化的形式。

第33題:

Thephrase"makeakilling”(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans

A.”makealotofmoney”.

B.suffersgreatloss”.

C."makedo”.

D.”getfurtherahead”.

參考答案:A

答案解析:

從上下文很容易猜測出其含義。

第34題:

Thelastsentenceisintendedtoshow

A.thehopelessnessofspecies.

B.thepotentialdangershiddeninbusinessecosystems.

C.thecloseinterrelationshipbetween“species”inbusiness

ecosystems.

D.howbadthenewsisforbosses

參考答案:C

答案解析:

最后一段旨在說明在商業(yè)行為中同樣存在分清敵友的問題?!癝ometimesspecies

14

maygoextinctthoughnofaultoftheirown”說明species之間直接或間

接的關系非常密切,雖然本身狀況良好卻可能由于其它物種的情況變化而使自己

趨于滅絕。

第35題:

Accordingtotheauthor,therelationshipofbusinessesinmodernsociety

A.issimilartothatheldbytraditionalists.

B.isgettingmuchmorecomplex.

C.isthesamewiththatofanimals.

D.isnotmentionedinthetext.

參考答案:B

答案解析:

從第一段看,公司之間的關系有時是合作伙伴,有時是競爭對手,有時二者兼而

有之;從最后一段及倒數(shù)第二段看,在現(xiàn)代社會“很難分清敵友”,所有這些都

說明,businesses之間的關系變得越來越錯綜復雜。

Thechieffunctionsoftheheartaretosendbloodtothelungs,so

thattheycanreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair,andthentopumpthis

oxygenateduponthisreceivingaconstantsupplyofoxygenatedblood.This

isparticulartruefortheheartitselfwhichcontracts10,000timesa

day,andrequiresaverylargeamountofoxygenforconversionintothe

energynecessarytoproduceregularandefficientcontractions.Theheart

muscle,ormyocardium,receivesitsoxygenatedbloodfromthemainartery,

oraorta,whichleadsoutoftheheart.Thefirstarteriesthatarefed

bytheaortaarethetwocoronaryarteries,socalledbecausetheycircle

likeacrown一theupperpartoftheheart.

Itisobviousthatanydecreaseinthisbloodsupplymightimpair

thefunctionsoftheheart.

Inadequatebloodsupplytothemyocardiumresultseitherfrom

adecreaseinthebloodflowthroughthecoronaryarteries,orfroman

increaseinthedemandsoftheheartmusclewithoutanycorresponding

increaseincoronarybloodflow.Ofthese,decreasedflowisthemore

common,anditisduetostructuralchangesinthewallsofthecoronary

arteries.Lossofelasticity,increasedrigidity,fatty,fibrous,and

evenbonychangesoccurpatchilyalongtheinnercoatsofthecoronary

arteries,andareknownasatherosclerosis.

Seriousdiseaseofthecoronaryarteriescanleadtotheir

obstructioneithergraduallyorsuddenly.Whentheobstructionisgradual,

itwillcausesomeisolatedmusclefirestodieanddepriveoftheirsource

ofenergy.Thechangemaybesogradualthatitneverleadstoanysymptoms,

orontheotherhand,itmayresultinthepainofanginapectoris(心

絞痛).Suddenobstructionofoneofthecoronaryarteriescutoffallthe

flowofbloodtoareaoftheheartmusclebeyondtheobstructionand

15

usuallyresultsinthesevere,prolonged,andintensepainofaheart

attack,andwhenitoccursatacriticalsite,theresultmaybe

disastrous.

Coronaryatherosclerosisisnotanewdisease.Ithasbeenfound

inthemummifiedbodiesofmenwholived5,000years.Moreover,thereis

evidencetosuggestthatitmaynotbeincreasing.Yettherehas,in

contrast,beenanalarmingincreaseinanginaandincoronaryheart

attacksduringthelastfortyyears.Thereisnodoubtthattofindan

explanationofthisbigincreaseisoneofthemostpressingproblemsfor

medicalresearchtoday.

Oneoftheearliestchangesinthedevelopmentof

atherosclerosisistheappearanceintheinnercoatsofthearteryofa

fat,calledcholesterol;andasthearteryisprogressivelydestroy,a

largeamountofcholesterolaccumulates.FiftyyearsagoRussianresearch,

workersshowedthatcholesterolfedtorabbitsproducedchangesvery

similartohumancoronaryatherosclerosis.Thereissufficientevidence

tosuggestthattherichnessofourWesterndietmaybeoneofthe

contributorycausesofcoronaryheartattacks,butitisfarfromclear

whetherthisisduetoanexcessofcalories,thehighproteincontent,

thehighfatcontent,oreventocertaininourdiet.Atpresent,itis

notpossibletoconfirmortorefutethesuggestionthatthereisacausal

relationshipbetweentheamountoffatorthetypeoffatweeatandthe

incidenceofheartattacks.

a

第36題:

Whatisthechieffunctionoftheheart?

A.Makingbloodreceiveoxygenfromtheinhaledair.

B.Pumpingoxygenatedbloodalloverthebody.

C.Sendingbloodtothelungs.

D.Makingtheactivityofeverytissueinbodyworkinorder.

參考答案:c

答案解析:

文章大意:文章主要介紹了冠心病的形成和危害,以及飲食等對冠心病的影響。

[C]文章第一段敘述了關于心臟功能的內容。將血液壓入肺部是心臟最主要的

功能,其他各項是血液進入肺部之后的一系列過程。

第37題:

Thefactorsthatcancauseatherosclerosisexcept

A.thedecreaseinsupplytoheart

B.lossofelasticity

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