高考總復(fù)習(xí)英語外研通用版教師用書語法專項突破7第七講定語從句

第七講定語從句題型分類考題印證命題解讀語法填空1.(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.2.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)ButSarah,whohastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.3.(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法；2.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法；3.考查“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的用法短文改錯1.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.that→which2.(2017·全國卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.they→that/which錯用；與which的錯用；3.關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞的缺失或誤用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞先行詞在從句中的作用who人主語、賓語whom人賓語which物主語、賓語that人或物主語、賓語、表語whose人或物定語as人或物主語、賓語、表語關(guān)系代詞that和which的用法區(qū)別只用that的情況先行詞是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothing等不定代詞時先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,all等修飾時先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時先行詞既有人又有物時只用which的情況引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時關(guān)系代詞指物，且前有介詞時關(guān)系代詞as和which的用法區(qū)別as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常譯為“正如……，正像……”。從句的謂語動詞多為see,know,expect,say,mention,report等which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾前面整個句子時，只能置于主句后，常譯為“這一點，這件事”等，which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句之間常含有并列或因果關(guān)系◆(2017·北京卷)Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.在日常生活中我們遇到的小問題可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感來源。◆(2017·天津卷)Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.我的大兒子的工作需要他奔波于世界各地，他現(xiàn)在在紐約。◆(2015·福建卷)ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership,whichshowsthatmoreandmorepeopleallovertheworldwanttolearnaboutChina.《今日中國》有著全球的讀者群，這說明全球越來越多的人想要了解中國?！?全國卷Ⅰ)“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老話說的那樣：“人不可貌相?！眅q\a\vs4\al()(1)whom,which,that在從句中作賓語時可省略；但介詞提前時不能省略，也不能用that；(2)as用在限制性定語從句中時，先行詞必須有such,so,as或thesame等修飾，且as在從句中作賓語時不能省略。[對點演練]——單句語法填空1．(2016·四川卷)Iprefertoworkinblackandwhite,whichallowsmetoshowdifferentspecificworldsmoreclearly.2．(2015·江蘇卷)Thenumberofsmokers，asisreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞先行詞在從句中的作用when時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞或抽象名詞(situation,point,activity,case,stage等)地點狀語whythereason原因狀語◆(2016·天津卷)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.我們將把在公園的野餐推遲到下周，屆時天氣可能會更好?！?福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參與社團活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的經(jīng)驗?！鬌oyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?你知道他昨天沒參加會議的原因嗎？eq\a\vs4\al()way后定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞(1)當(dāng)先行詞是way時，若定語從句中不缺少主語、賓語或表語，即way在從句中作狀語時，則從句用inwhich或that引導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)詞也可省略。(2)如果way作先行詞，定語從句中缺少主語、賓語或表語，則用which或that引導(dǎo)該從句。若先行詞在定語從句中作賓語，which/that也可省略。[對點演練]——單句語法填空/單句改錯1．(2015·陜西卷)Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.2．(2015·天津卷)Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.3．(2018·鷹潭模擬)Thepolicemustgivethesuspectthereasonsthattheyarearrestinghimandtellhimhisrightsunderthelaw.that→why“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句時，介詞的賓語只能用which或whom，且不能省略?！?2015·安徽卷)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponwhichschooleducationdepends.一些專家認為閱讀是學(xué)校教育所依賴的基本技能。◆(大綱全國卷)September30isthedaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.9月30日之前你必須繳付賬單。2．“名詞/不定代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級或最高級＋of＋which/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，表示整體與部分的關(guān)系。◆(2016·浙江卷6月)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneofwhichhasbeenproved.科學(xué)家們提出了很多關(guān)于人類為什么哭泣時流淚的理論，這些理論尚未得到證實?！?2016·江蘇卷)Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.很多年輕人都去了偏遠地區(qū)追求自己的夢想，他們中大部分都受過良好的教育。eq\a\vs4\al()在非限制性定語從句中，whose修飾物時可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhich”；修飾人時，可以換為“the＋名詞＋ofwhom”?！?江蘇卷)Thenewly-builtcafé，thewallsofwhich(＝whosewalls)arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,especiallyafterhardwork.這家新建成的咖啡館，墻被刷成了淺綠色，對我們來說，真是一個安靜的地方，特別是在辛苦工作后。[對點演練]——單句語法填空/單句改錯1．(浙江卷)Thechildren,allofwhomhadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.2．Nowadays,itiscommontoseepeoplestaringattheirmobilephonesinsteadofreadingarealbook,aboutwhichmanyexpertsareworried.3．Therewerealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostofthembenttheirheadsdownovertheirthem→whom定語從句與語法填空eq\a\vs4\al()解答此類問題，關(guān)鍵是找準(zhǔn)先行詞，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)確定從句所缺的成分。如果缺少主、賓、表或定語，引導(dǎo)詞需用關(guān)系代詞；如果缺少狀語，引導(dǎo)詞則用關(guān)系副詞。確定所缺成分之后，再看先行詞是人還是物，是表示時間的名詞還是表示地點的名詞等，從而最后確定答案；若先行詞指人，“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中關(guān)系詞用whom，若指物，則用which；牢記that與which,as與which的區(qū)別。定語從句與短文改錯首先識別該句是否為定語從句，然后根據(jù)先行詞的性質(zhì)，判斷關(guān)系詞的使用是否正確或缺失，并予以改正或添加；根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中所作的成分來判斷關(guān)系詞的使用是否正確。確定句子的先行詞，分析引導(dǎo)詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑髦?、賓、表語用which/that/who/whom/as；作定語用whose；作狀語用when/where/why；作介詞賓語用關(guān)系代詞which/whom；判斷定語從句是非限制性定語從句還是限制性定語從句，從而判斷句中關(guān)系詞的使用是否正確。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單句語法填空1．(2017·江蘇卷)In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneofwhose__purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.2．(2018·滕州模擬)Shedreamedofthedaywhenthemanagerofthesupermarketwouldsaytoherwithasmile,“Madam,thisisyourluckyday.Everythinginyourbasketisfree.”3．(2018·大同質(zhì)量檢測)Thecitywasattackedbysuchterribleweatherasfewcitizenshadeverexperiencedbefore.4．(2018·河南中原名校聯(lián)考)Ihavemadeahabitofsaying“Thankyou”tothosewhoaresacrificingtheirplacesforthefellowpassengersonpublictransport.5．(2018·四川綿陽診斷)It’shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.6．(2018·啟東中學(xué)月考)Thehouse,whosedooroftenstaysopenuntillateatnight,worksasahomefortheguards,someofwhomarefromthecountryside.7．(2018·浙江瑞安四校聯(lián)考)Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.8．(2018·江蘇蘇州中學(xué)月考)—Thankyouforyourassistance,withoutwhichImighthavebeenindanger.—That’sallright,anyoneinmyplacewouldhavedonethesamething.9．(2018·北京西城一模)Theartistwasveryproudofhiscreationandcalleditthebestpaintingthathehadeverdone.10．(2018·海淀一模)TheAppWeChatprovidesanetworkingplatformwherecommunicationisfasterandeasier.eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)單句改錯1．(2018·廣西高三聯(lián)考)WealllikeourEnglishteacher,fromhimwehavelearnedalot.him→whom2．(2018·青島統(tǒng)一檢測)YoucanalsomakemoreChinesefriends,theywilltellyoualotaboutChinaandhelpyoulearnChinese.they→who或they前加and3．(2018·大慶質(zhì)量檢測)Ifinallyknewthereasonwhatshedidn’ttalktomeandcomfortedher.what→why4．(2018·河北保定、唐山聯(lián)考)Thisweekend,IwillgotoPeter’shouse,whichapartyistobeheld,tocelebrateChristmaswithhisfamily.which→where或在which前加in5．Herperformancesonthestagewereperfect,thatmadealotofpeopleadmireher.that→whicheq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ)語法填空(2018·山師大附中模擬)Chineseteahousesarethetraditionalancientcafesoftheeastforgettingtogether,1.____________(chat)withfriendsandgenerallypassingthetime.Theteahousehasbecomeaplaceforpeopletonotonlydrinkteaandrelax,2.____________experienceChineseculture,holdsocialactivities,hostprivatepartiesandconductbusiness3.____________(negotiate)．TheteahouserecreatesthecharacterofoldBeijing,4.____________makesitamustforforeigners,who,fromaroundtheworld,cometoChina5.____________(appreciate)BeijingOpera,dramaandotherBeijingfolkart,aswellasdrinktea.JasmineteaisthefavoriteofmanyoldBeijingers,wholove6.____________(it)pure,cleartasteandstrongfragrance.It’s(absolute)onthemenuattheLaoSheTeahouse.Dawanteaisjustasfamous8.____________thelong-spouted(長壺嘴的)teapot.It(say)thatthefounderofLaoSheTeahousestartedhisbusinessbyservingDawanteaforjusttwo(cent)each.Andtodayit’stheonlyteahousestillservingDawanteaatsuchalowprice,thoughthere’snoprofitinit.【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，簡要介紹了茶社及大碗茶。1．chatting解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處和“gettingtogether”“passingthetime”并列，所以應(yīng)用所給詞的動名詞形式。故填chatting。2．but解析：考查連詞。此處指在茶社人們不但可以喝茶和放松，還可以體驗中國文化。notonly...but(also)．..意為“不但……而且……”，符合語境。故填but。3．negotiations解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用negotiate的名詞形式negotiation作動詞conduct的賓語；而negotiation是可數(shù)名詞，此處指商務(wù)談判，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填negotiations。4．which解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代上文的句子，在句中作主語，指物。故填which。5．toappreciate解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指來中國欣賞京劇、戲劇和其他北京民間藝術(shù)，應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。故填toappreciate。6．its解析：考查代詞。空格處修飾“pure,cleartasteandstrongfragrance”，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its，表所屬關(guān)系。故填its。7．a(chǎn)bsolutely解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處應(yīng)用所給詞的副詞形式修飾介詞短語。故填absolutely。8．a(chǎn)s解析：考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。此處為“as＋形容詞原級＋as”結(jié)構(gòu)。故填as。9．issaid解析：考查固定句型。Itissaidthat...為固定句型，意為“據(jù)說……”。故填issaid。10．cents解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。cent是可數(shù)名詞，被“two”修飾，應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填cents。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅳ)短文改錯(2018·安徽師大附中階段性測試)Thismorning，Igotanemailfromthelibrary.ItsaidthebookIreservedwasreadytobepickingup.BecauseIhadalwaysbeenwaitingtoreadit,soatthatmomentIwasveryexciting.Outsidethelibrary,Isawthemandrivingaroundthesmallparkinglot,trytofindaparkingspace.Heheadf