初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式十大考點(diǎn)解析2

初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式十大考點(diǎn)解析

動(dòng)詞不定式是動(dòng)詞的一種非謂語(yǔ)形式，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作句子的謂語(yǔ)。其構(gòu)

成形式為“to+動(dòng)詞原形”,to為動(dòng)詞不定式的符號(hào)，本身無(wú)意義。

一、動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)

Tolearnfromyourfriendsisimportant.

=ItisimportarUtolearnfromyourfriends.

Toleavewithoutsayinggoodbyeisimpolite.

=Itisimpolitetoleavewithoutsay比ggoodbye.

Towalktoschooltakesmetenminutes

.=Ittakesmetenminutestowalktoschool.

動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以直接放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前面的主語(yǔ)位置，也可以用先行詞it作形式主

語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)(不定式)置于后面。常見(jiàn)的句式有：

(l)Itis+形容詞(ofsb)todosth.

(2)Itis+名詞(forsb)todosth.

(3)Ittakessbsometimetodosth.

(4)Itis+形容詞(forsb)todosth.

句式⑴中常用nice,kind,clever,good,right,wrong,foolish,careless等形容詞，

與介詞of搭配，這些形容詞常表述不定式邏輯主語(yǔ)的屬性或性質(zhì)；

句式(4)中常用hard,difficult,easy,important等形容詞，與介詞for搭配，表示不定式表

示的動(dòng)作、行為的性質(zhì)。

1.It'sourdutytheroomeveryday.

A.tocleanB.cleanedC.cleanD.cleans(廿肅省)

2.It'shardforusEnglishwell.

A.learnB.learnsC.tolearnD.learning(江西省)

3.建造這座立交橋?qū)⒒ㄙM(fèi)工人們一年多的時(shí)間。

Itwilltheworkersoverayeartheflyover.(北京市海淀區(qū))

4.It'sveryniceyoutogetmetwoticketstheWorldCup.

A.for,ofB.of,forC.to,forD.of,to（安徽省）

二、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)

在want,like,agree,hope,wish,learn,begin,start,seem,decide,hate,choose,

forget,remember等動(dòng)詞后面，可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。如果其后接形容詞補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則可以用it

作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把作真正賓語(yǔ)的不定式放到后面。

1.Hewantssomevegetables.A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.buys（山西省）

2.Don'tforgetyourhomeworkwithyouwhenyoucometoschool.

A.tobringB.bringingC.totakeD.taking（福建省）

3.Hefounditverydifficult.A.sleepingB.sleepsC.sleptD.tofallasleep（湖南?。?/p>

三、動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

不定式可以用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。后面可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask,teach,expect,

tell,allow等。

1.RobertoftenasksushisChinese,sohisChineseismuchbetterthanbefore.

A.helphimB.tohelphimwithC.tohelpwithD.helpshimwith（江蘇?。?/p>

2.MrLioftenteacheshisJapanesefriendsChinesefood.

A.cookB.cooksC.tocookD.cooked（甘肅省）

作句子的表闊:不定式放在be動(dòng)詞后面，用作表語(yǔ)如：

HerdreamistobeaDolicemcm.

MyjobistohelptheDatienL

Yourtaskistocleantheclassroom.

Mydreamistoarobot.

Thedoctor\suggestionistotakemoveexercise.

Thebestwayisiotalktoyourparents.

HisplanistotraveltoBeijingthissummer

四、動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)

go,come,try,do/tryone*sbest等動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后常常可以接不定式作

目的狀語(yǔ)。

1.Shewentherteacher.A.toseeB.looksC.sawD.seeing（江西?。?/p>

2.MeimeilikesEnglishverymuch.ShedoesherbestEnglishwell.

A.leamB.learningC.tolearnD.learns（四川省）

"be+形容詞+todosth”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示原因或方式

3.I'msorrythat.A.hearsB.hearingC.hearD.tohear（河北省）

4.Tmsorryyou.A.troubleB.totroubleC.troublingD.troubled（吉林?。?/p>

5.Mymotherwasverygladheroldfriend.A.tomeetB.meetC.metD.meets（甘肅?。?/p>

在上述"too+形容詞/副詞（forsb）todo…”（太...而不能....^Penough（forsb）todo…”（足以、

足夠……做……）結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。

6.Thepandaissofatthatitcan'tgothroughthehole.（改為意思相同的句子）

Theholesuchafatpandatogothrough.（廣東?。?/p>

7.Theiceonthelakewassothinthatpeoplecouldn'tskateonit.（改為意思相同的句子）

Theiceonthelakewasn'tenoughpeople.（廣東省）

Keys：6.is,too,small,for7.thick,for,to,skate,on

五、動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)

不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常放在被修飾的詞語(yǔ)之后，與被修飾的詞語(yǔ)為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)

系;如果不定式的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后要加上必要的介詞或副詞，構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于及物

動(dòng)詞。

1.Wouldyoulikesomething?A.drinkB.drinkingC.todrinkD.drinks（湖北省）

2.1havealotofhomework.A.doB.doingC.didD.todo（河南?。?/p>

3.Heisnotaneasyman.A.getonB.togetonC.getonwithD.togetonwith（ll［東?。?/p>

六、不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式

1.在see,watch,hear,feel等感官動(dòng)詞和make,have,let等使役動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足

語(yǔ)的不定式不帶to.但是在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式要帶to（let沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）。2.在“had

better”后面接不帶to的不定式。

1.Wesawhimthebuildingandgoupstairs.A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered（河南省）

2.Somuchworkusuallymakesthemverytired.A.tofeelB.feelsC.feelingD.feel（吉林?。?/p>

3.Yourfatherissleeping.You'dbetter.

A.notwakeuphimB.nottowakeuphimC.notwakehimupD.nottowakehimup（陜西省）

4.1wasmademyhomeworkintheafternoon.

A.doB.doingC.todoD.did（貴州省）

七、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式

動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符號(hào)to的前面加上not,如果是不帶to的不定式就直

接在動(dòng)詞原形前面加上not.

1.MrBlackaskedthemanthequeue.

A.nottojumpB.tonotjumpC.didn'tjumpD.notjump（廣西壯族自治區(qū)）

2.TheoldmantoldthechildnoisyA.notbeB.nottobeC.tonotbeD.benot（湖北?。?/p>

3.Thereisgoingtoanimportantmeetingtomorrow.Pleasetrylate.

A.have,nottobeB.have,notbeC.be,nottobeD.be,notbe（內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)）

Key：1.A2.B3.C

八、某些動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞?ine形式的區(qū)別

一些常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞后面接不定式和接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式的區(qū)別如下：

“stoptodosth"意為”停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事”，

"stopdoingsth"意為"停止正在做的事”:

''remembertodoslh"意為"記住去做某事"（事還未做），

"rememberdoingsth”意為”記得做過(guò)某事"（事已做）:

”goontodosth”意為“接著做某事”（做完一事，接著做另一事），

"goondoingsth"意為”繼續(xù)做某事”（一事未做完接著往下做）：

"forgettodosth"意為"忘了做某事”（事還未做），

“forgetdoingsth"意為”忘了曾做過(guò)某事”（事上做）。

needtodosth.需要做某事

needdoingsth.需要被做

goontodosth.繼續(xù)做另--件事

goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做原來(lái)在做的事

trytodo努力、企圖做某事；

trydoing實(shí)驗(yàn)、試著做某事；

regrettodo對(duì)要做的事遺憾；

regretdoing對(duì)做過(guò)的事遺憾；

can'thelp(to)do不能幫助做某事；

can'thelpdoing禁不住做某事。

1.Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.A.tohaveB.havingC.haveD.has（廣西壯族自治區(qū)）

2.-----Whydidn'tyoubuysomebreadonyourwayhome?

------Sorry,Iforgotsomemoneywithme.A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.took（湖」匕?。?/p>

3.-----Let'shavearest,shallwe?

------Notnow,Ican'tstoptheletters.A.writeB.towriteC.writingD.andwrite（湖北省）

4.Jimwasbadlyhurt,sohehadtostop（walk）.（用所給單詞的正確形式填空）（四川?。?/p>

在see,hear,watch,feel等感官動(dòng)詞后面可接不帶to的不定式，也可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式

作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程（動(dòng)作J結(jié)束），用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行（動(dòng)

作尚未結(jié)束）。

5.WhenIwaswalkinginthestreetIsawaplaneovermyhead.

A.fliesB.flyingC.flewD.tofly（福建省）

6.Awomansawitwhenshewaswalkingpast.A.happenB.happensC.happeningD.tohappen

九、動(dòng)詞不定式的省略及其符號(hào)to的保留

在口語(yǔ)中，動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在上下.文中重復(fù)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，第二個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式可以

省略，但是to不可省略。這種用法常見(jiàn)于"可gladto","wouldlike(love)to"，"haveto”等結(jié)構(gòu)中。

1.Wouldyouliketogotothecinemawithus?Yes,.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?

A.IwouldB.IwouldlikeC.IliketoD.I'dliketo(浙江省)

2.Wouldyouliketogoforapicnicwithus?.Whattimearewegoingtomeet?

A.No,Ican'tB.Yes,I'mgladC.Yes,FdlovetoD.Tdlike(大連市)

六、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)

動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞what,which,who或疑問(wèn)副詞how,when,where,why等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)

起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不

定式不帶tOo

例如：/don'tknowwhattotrynext.(作賓語(yǔ))

Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主語(yǔ))

注意：?jiǎn)为?dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。

Whattodonext?(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?)

Whygothere?(=Whydowe/yougothere?)

在與why連用時(shí)，只用于why或whynot開(kāi)頭的簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句中，后面緊跟的動(dòng)詞不定

式不帶tOo

Whynothavearest?

Howtodoitisaproblem.(=Howweshoulddoit.)

Ireallydon'tknowwhattowriteabout.(=whatIshouldwriteabout)

Thetroubleis皿e-etoputthemachined=whereweshouldputthemachine)

IaskedhimtoleamEnglish\velL(=howIcouldlearnEnglishwell)

Hedidn7knoww癡"tosay.

Howiosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.

Myquestioniswhe/ttostart.

Pleaseshowushowtousethecommder.

Idem7km)wwhattobuyforyou.

二，選擇

1.Myteacherwasmadehisteaching

becauseofpoorhealth.

A.givingupB.togiveup

C.giveupD.givenup

2.Thesentencewantsoncemore.

A.explainedB.toexplain

C.beingexplainedD.explaining

3.TheArcticisconsideredthenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.

A.havingbeenB.tohavebeen

C.tobeD.being

4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth

forhimwithoutdelay.

A.tohavewovenB.tobewoven

C.tobeweavingD.toweave

5.1foundtheGermanlanguagehard.

A.learnedB.learning

C.tobelearnedD.tolearn

6.一Thelightintheofficeisstillon.

-Oh,Iforgot.

A.turningitoffB.turnitoff

C.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff

7.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreement

betweenthecompanyandthecustomers?

—Thekeytheproblemistomeet

thedemandbythecustomers.

A.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,made

C.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made

8.Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?

——Itisaverygood.

A.schooltostudyin

B.schoolforchildrentostudy

C.studyingschool

D.schooltostudy

9.一Didyougetajob?

---No,I___,butit'snouse.

A.expectedB.triedto

C.managedtoD.planned

10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_

aheadoftime.

A.tofinishB.finishing

C.beingfinishedD.tobefinished

11.—IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.

——Whynot__therebyboatfora

change?

A.totrytogoB.trygoing

C.totrygoingD.trytogo

12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrom

morningtillnight.

A.TomakeB.Made

C.MakingD.Tohavemade

13.1wouldratherstarvetodeaththan_

forfood.

A.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg

14.Theboypretendedwhenhismother

entered.

A.readingB.toread

C.tobereadingD.beingread

三、選擇

1.Robertissaidabroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.

A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy

C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying

2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,itmoredifficult.

A.notmakeB.nottomake

C.notmakingD.don'tmake

3.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhatinmynewjob.

A.expectedB.toexpect

C.tobeexpectingD.expects

4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremainswhether

theywillenjoyit.

A.toseeB.tobeseen

C.seeingD.see

5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows.

A.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithit

C.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit

6.Themotherdidn'tknowtoblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewas

out.

A.whoB.whenC.howD.why

7.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade.Healwaysworkshard.

A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning

8.Weagreedherebutsofarshehasn'tturnedupyet.

A.havingmetB.meeting

C.tomeetD.tohavemet

9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim.

A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto

10.Thepatientwaswarnedoilyfoodaftertheoperation.

A.toeatnotB.eatingnot

C.nottoeatD.noteating

11.1wouldlovetothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.

A.togoB.tohavegone

C.goingD.havinggone

12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomputer.

A.toinventB.inventing

C.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented

13.LittleJimshouldlovetothetheatrethisevening.

A.tobetakenB.totake

C.beingtakenD.taking

14.lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.

A.TosleepB.Sleeping

C.SleepD.Havingsleep

15.Theteacheraskedussomuchnoise.

A.don'tmakeB.notmake

C.notmakingD.nottomake

四.填空

?Peterwas(make)outside.

?He(behear)unlockthedoorandgoout.

?Themanwasseen(shoot)thewomanonthestreet.

?Theoldladywasnoticed(wipe)herfacewithahandkerchief.

?Iforgottoaskyougotothebank.

?Itisveryimportant(turnoff)theelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.

?Iknowhow(make)amouseoutofmyhandkerchief.

?Luckily,wedon'thavemuchmorework.

?Shewasverypleased(have)theopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.

?Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishis

(get)marriedandhaveachild.

五、真題練習(xí)

1.Mymotheroftenasksmeearly.(2003年北京)

A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup

2.Theteachertoldherstudentsinpublic.(2003年黑龍江)

A.nottoshoutB.didn'tshoutC.notshoutD.tonotshout

3isdifficulttoworkontheGreatWall.(2002年甘肅省)

A.ThisB.ItC.ThatD.Its

4It'sniceyoumewithmymaths.(2002年深圳市)

A.for;tohelpB.for;helping

C.of;tohelpD.of;helping

5Theydecidedattheendofthismonth.(2002年濟(jì)南市)

A.toleaveB.going

C.travelD.notstartout

6Allofusfounddifficulttoworkoutthemathsproblem.

A.whatB.thatC.whichD.it

7Pleasestoparestifyoufeeltired.（2002年南寧市）

A.tohaveB.having

C.haveD.has

8,There'senoughbirdfoodforamonth.（2001年山西?。?/p>

A.tolastB.lastC.lastsD.lasted

9,Shehasnopaper.（2001年重慶市）

A.towriteB.towritewithC.writeonD.towriteon

10Motheraskedmesomefruitaftersupper.（2003年新疆生產(chǎn)建設(shè)兵團(tuán)）

A.buyB.boughtC.buyingD.tobuy

11.Lethimarest.Ithinkhemustbetiredafterthelongwalk.（2003年濟(jì)南市）

A.haveB.getsC.totakeD.has

12Itwasrainingheavilyoutside.Thefathermadethechildrenintheroom.（2003

年桂林市）

A.tostayB.stayC.stayingD.stayed

13.-IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang'shomejustnow.

-Yes,sheisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.（2003年呼和浩特

市）

A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped

14YesterdaymorningIgotupearly

belatefortheexam.（2002年上海市）

A.inordertoB.inordertonot

C.soasnottoD.soasto

15Let'ssoasnotlateforthemeeting.

A.tohurry,toB.tohurry,tobe

C.hurry,tobeD.hurry,be

16Therersnodifferencebetweenthetwowords.Ireallydon*tknow.（