高考完形填空答題技巧(13-15年例句)

完形填空答題技巧齊登奎2013-2015年完形填空特點(diǎn)近三年全國(guó)卷的完形填空保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的命題趨勢(shì)，該題所選文章幾乎全是敘述文體或是夾敘夾議的生活小故事。文章篇幅相對(duì)穩(wěn)定，一般在260-300詞之間。文章難度低于閱讀理解題中的短文。所選短文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，層次分明、邏輯性強(qiáng)。這些特點(diǎn)為學(xué)生充分發(fā)揮思維想象實(shí)力、理解短文內(nèi)容、選擇最佳答案創(chuàng)建了條件。設(shè)題特點(diǎn)短文的第一句話(huà)多是完整的，通常不挖空，是為了降低難度，供應(yīng)一個(gè)理解全文的完整信息句，幫助熟悉短文的背景、主題或文體，為理解全文奠定基礎(chǔ)。以期給考生供應(yīng)一個(gè)語(yǔ)境。全文設(shè)置20個(gè)空格，抽詞是依據(jù)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)和考點(diǎn)來(lái)抽的，所以空格之間的間隔字?jǐn)?shù)是不固定的。測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)是以考察對(duì)文章的通篇理解和詞匯意義為主，以考察慣用搭配，常識(shí)和語(yǔ)法為輔，單純從語(yǔ)法角度就能正確的做出選擇的幾乎沒(méi)有。重視首句！

(15全國(guó))MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway,.......(14全國(guó))Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutinebasis...(13全國(guó))Iwenttoagroupactivity,“SensitivitySunday”,whichwastomakeusmore36theproblemsfacedbydisabledpeople.自己的閱歷+上下文（語(yǔ)篇）還原作者思想；語(yǔ)篇層面上考查常用詞匯的精確、得體的應(yīng)用。

充分發(fā)掘上下文的語(yǔ)境（字里行間的信息詞和信息句）命題意圖/解題方法完形填空創(chuàng)始人威爾遜·泰勒說(shuō)：“完形填空并不干脆涉及特定的意思。它只是反復(fù)地從兩種語(yǔ)言模式的相像之處取樣：一種是寫(xiě)的人表達(dá)自己的思想的語(yǔ)言模式，另一種是反映讀的人依據(jù)自己的理解作出的揣測(cè)的語(yǔ)言模式?！薄巴晷翁羁账婕暗氖且幌盗信c上下文相聯(lián)系的空白，而不是孤立的空白?！碧^(guò)空格，通讀全文，把握大意再讀全文，反復(fù)檢查結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，綜合考慮，初定答案瞻前顧后，先易后難，個(gè)個(gè)擊破

完形填空的解題總則把握整體具體分析高考完型填空解題技巧答題技巧邏輯分析法前后搭配法作者看法觀點(diǎn)常識(shí)背景法語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)法技巧例1.......ButtheirinterestsoonwearoffandbyJanuarythosesametoyscanbefoundputawayinthebasement......And,likethechildinJanuary,theygosearchingfornew60.60.A.petsB.toysC.friendsD.colleagues答題技巧之語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)法

同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義復(fù)現(xiàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)14年全國(guó)[解析]60題復(fù)現(xiàn)44、45題句義，January復(fù)現(xiàn)上文，所以60題復(fù)現(xiàn)上文toys,故選B。技巧例2.Asageneralrule,allformsofactivityleadtoboredomwhentheyareperformedonaroutinebasis.Asamatteroffact,wecanseethis41atworkinpeopleofallages.41.A.principleB.habitC.wayD.power答題技巧之語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)法

同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義復(fù)現(xiàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)14年全國(guó)[解析]

選項(xiàng)中只有principle才與rule意思相近，都表示“規(guī)則”、“原則”，故選A。例3.AlfredNobelbecameamillionaireandchangedthewaysofmining,construction,andwarfareastheinventorofdynamite(炸藥).…“Dr.AlfredNobel,whobecame23byfindingwaystokillmorepeoplefasterthaneverbefore,diedyesterday.”A.famousB.sickC.richD.popular[解析]兩句結(jié)構(gòu)是相像的,且兩句的后部分的內(nèi)容各為“獨(dú)創(chuàng)了炸藥”與“找到了更快的殺人方式”，可以想象，兩者的意義何等接近！可見(jiàn)，與“變成百萬(wàn)富翁”對(duì)應(yīng)的應(yīng)當(dāng)是“變成富有”，故選C。答題技巧之語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)法

同詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義復(fù)現(xiàn)、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)現(xiàn)Inthestore,Iaskedmykidsto45somethingtheythoughtour“friends”therewouldappreciate.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice.45.A.drawB.sayC.arrangeD.pick即時(shí)練習(xí)[解析]下文說(shuō)孩子們買(mǎi)了蘋(píng)果等物品，可以反推45題，應(yīng)當(dāng)是“我要求孩子們給我們的摯友買(mǎi)他寵愛(ài)的東西東西”，選項(xiàng)中只有pick（選擇，買(mǎi)）意思接近got（買(mǎi)了）,故選D。15年全國(guó)2.Thenmy17-year-oldsuggestedgivinghima47.Ithoughtaboutit.......WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecould.....A.dollarB.jobC.hotmealD.giftcard[解析]依據(jù)下文“我遞給他購(gòu)物卡，......”，復(fù)現(xiàn)上文47題答案，故選D。14年全國(guó)即時(shí)練習(xí)3.Iwenttoagroupactivity,“SensitivitySunday”,whichwastomakeusmoreawareoftheproblemsfacedbydisabledpeople.......Afewhoursof“disability”gavemeonlyatasteofthe55,bothphysicalandmental,thatdisabledpeoplemustovercome.A.weaknessesB.challengesC.anxietiesD.illness[解析]相同的結(jié)構(gòu)修飾相同的意思，與problems近義的是challenges，故選B。即時(shí)練習(xí)4.Thishasbeenawonderful55forourfamily.......Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherinneed,italsogavemykidsthesweettasteofhelpingother.A.experienceB.exampleC.messageD.adventure[解析]與下文taste(品嘗、體驗(yàn))意思最接近的是experience（經(jīng)驗(yàn)，體驗(yàn)），故選A。即時(shí)練習(xí)5.Wewereaskedto“

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adisability”forseveralhoursoneSunday.......Fordisabledpeople,“adoptingawheelchair”isnotatemporary（臨時(shí)的）

experiment

.A.cureB.preventC.adoptD.analyze[解析]與adoptingawheelchair與上文的____adisability同義.故選Ｃ。即時(shí)練習(xí)技巧例1.AssoonasIsatdown,my41madethechairbegintoroll.Itswheelswerenot42.ThenIwonderedwheretoputmy43.Ittookmequiteawhiletogetthemetalfootrestintoplace.41.A.heightB.forceC.skillD.weight42.A.lockedB.repairedC.poweredD.grasped43.A.handsB.feetC.keysD.handles13年全國(guó)常識(shí)背景法個(gè)人閱歷、生活常識(shí)、跨學(xué)科學(xué)問(wèn)[解析]聯(lián)系上下文，因?yàn)椤拜喴螞](méi)有鎖定”，所以我一坐下輪椅才會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，輪椅轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的緣由自然是我的體重了。既然坐輪椅，用不到的當(dāng)然是腿腳。故答案為D,A,B。1.Itriedtofindacomfortablepositionandthoughtitmightberestful,evenkindofnice,tobe49aroundforawhile.......MyhandsstartedtoacheasI51theheavymetalwheels.49.A.shownB.pushedC.drivenD.guided51.A.liftedB.turnedC.pressedD.seized[解析]依據(jù)常識(shí)，輪椅是由人推著走的或者是由自己用手轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)車(chē)輪而行走的，故49題選B，51題選B13年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)2.Adolescententerhighschoolwithgreat50butsoonlookingforwardto51.Thesameistrueoftheyoungadultsgoingtothecollege.50.A.courageB.calmnessC.confusionD.excitement51.A.graduationB.independence C.responsibilityD.success[解析]依據(jù)上文和常識(shí)——無(wú)論哪個(gè)年齡階段的人都會(huì)“喜新厭舊”。依據(jù)這一思路，學(xué)生入學(xué)時(shí)高興奮興，但很快就失去簇新勁兒，盼望畢業(yè)咯。故答案選D，A14年全國(guó)即時(shí)練習(xí)3.Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhad57todowhileworking.57.A.time

B.moneyC.skillsD.knowledge[解析]依據(jù)人們生活的閱歷——工作時(shí)沒(méi)有時(shí)間做其它事兒。故答案選A14年全國(guó)即時(shí)練習(xí)4.WhenIhandedhimthegiftcard,sayinghecoulduseitfor_54_hisfamilymightneed,heburstintotears.

A.whoeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever[解析]給人購(gòu)物卡，當(dāng)然是別人想買(mǎi)啥就買(mǎi)啥了。故答案選B15年全國(guó)即時(shí)練習(xí)例1.Theworldisfullof46stampalbumsand

unfinishedmodels,eachstandingasamonumenttosomeone’spassinginterest.46.A.well-organizedB.colorfully-printed C.newly-collectedD.half-filled[解析]and連接兩相同并列結(jié)構(gòu)，語(yǔ)義相近，half-filled與unfinished同屬一個(gè)語(yǔ)義場(chǎng)，意思接近，故答案為D邏輯分析法并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、類(lèi)屬、依次14年全國(guó)技巧例2.Thesetellthestoryofamotherwhosebabygrows23

andpaleandhaschangedsomuchthatitisalmostunrecognizabletotheparents.23.A.sickB.slimC.shortD.small邏輯分析法并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、類(lèi)屬、依次08年廣東[解析]

選項(xiàng)中只有ill才與pale有相關(guān)性(因果關(guān)系)，即因?yàn)椤吧　?，所以臉色才?huì)“蒼白”，故選A。技巧例3.Theygotapples,asandwichandabottleofjuice................Whenwehandedhimthebagof52

，helitupandthankeduswith53eyes.52.A.toysB.medicineC.foodD.clothes邏輯分析法并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、類(lèi)屬、依次15年全國(guó)[解析]

選項(xiàng)中apples,sandwich,juice都屬于food,故選C。1.Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichneverhadwhileworking.But58afterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobstheyquit.A.onlyB.wellC.evenD.soon[解析]前文講退休前如何支配，but一轉(zhuǎn)折說(shuō)明“支配不如變更快”，又回到文章主題，很快就會(huì)喜新厭舊，符合文章的主旨。故選D。14年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)2.Fordaysthekidshavebeenlookingforotherswecanhelp!Thingswouldhaveplayedoutso57ifIhadsimplysaid,“No,wereallydon’thavemoneytogivemore.”A.suddenlyB.vividlyC.differentlyD.perfectly[解析]If引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句，假設(shè)我說(shuō)我們沒(méi)錢(qián)，事情就不是現(xiàn)在這樣的結(jié)果。故選C。15年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)3.Itriedtofindcomfortablepositionandthoughtitmightberestful,

48

kindofnice,tobe

pushed

aroundforawhile.A.yetB.justC.stillD.even[解析]由restful(悠然的)和nice(愉悅的)兩次的詞義，可知這兩詞為遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選D。13年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)技巧例1.My10-year-oldnoticedhimandmakea43onhowbaditmustbetohavetostandoutsideinthecoldwind.A.suggestionB.commentC.decisionD.call15年全國(guó)前后搭配法日積月累——習(xí)慣搭配、固定習(xí)語(yǔ)[解析]makeacommentonsth為固定習(xí)語(yǔ)，“對(duì)某事進(jìn)行評(píng)論”；makeasuggestiononsth,“對(duì)某事給出建議”；makeadecisiononsth,“對(duì)某事做出確定”；makeacallonsb,“打電話(huà)給某人”。句子意思“10歲的兒子說(shuō)”，與此意思最接近的為comment,故選B。技巧例2.Steppingoutnotonlyhelpedabrotherin59,italsogavemekidsthesweettasteofhelpingothers.A.fearB.loveC.needD.memory15年全國(guó)前后搭配法日積月累——習(xí)慣搭配、固定習(xí)語(yǔ)[解析]infear，“膽怯 ，恐驚”；inlove,“愛(ài)戀中”；inneed,“在危難中”；inmemory,“紀(jì)念”，綜合全句意思，“幫助有須要的兄弟”，故選C。技巧例3.Forexample,onChristmasmorning,childrenareexcitedabout43withtheirnewtoys.A.workingB.livingC.playingD.going15年全國(guó)前后搭配法日積月累——習(xí)慣搭配、固定習(xí)語(yǔ)[解析]“玩玩具”，只有play能與之搭配，故選C。1.Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist,hewillopenupfordiscussion.2.A.book B.passageC.text D.work[解析]藝術(shù)作品為習(xí)慣搭配，故選D。即時(shí)練習(xí)2.Ittookmequiteawhiletogetthemetalfootrestinto

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.A.placeB.actionC.playD.effect[解析]getsthintoplace為習(xí)語(yǔ)，“把...放對(duì)位置”，故選A。getsthintoaction,“付諸實(shí)施”；getsthintoplay,“使...起作用”;getsthintoeffect,“使...生效”13年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)3.TheotherdayIwassittinginasmallrestauranthavingaquietdrinkandatalkwithafewfriendswhenitsuddenly2methatalmosteveryoneintherestaurantwassmoking.Itwasn’tlong3thewholeroomwasfilledwithsmoke.2.A.seemedB.struckC.sankD.showed3.A.agoB.afterC.beforeD.now[解析]由itsuddentlystruckmethat為固定句型，“突然覺(jué)得/突然意識(shí)到/突然想起”。It+be+sometime+before為固定句型，“沒(méi)過(guò)多久就...”故選B，C。即時(shí)練習(xí)4.Butsoonafterretirement,thegolfing,thefishing,thereadingandalloftheotherpastimesbecomeasboringasthejobsthey59.A.lostB.choseC.leftD.quit[解析]結(jié)合上文“退休”，此處應(yīng)為“停止工作”，其習(xí)慣表達(dá)為leavethejobs，quitthejob意思為“辭職”，故選C。14年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)技巧例1.Whenwehandedhimthebagoffood,helitupandthankeduswith

53

eyes.A.sleepyB.wateryC.curiousD.sharp15年全國(guó)觀點(diǎn)看法把握作者/人物看法情感，體悟?qū)懽饕鈭D[解析]體悟一個(gè)人受到救濟(jì)，感動(dòng)的時(shí)候會(huì)怎樣？當(dāng)然會(huì)眼淚汪汪。故選B。技巧例2.Wewere

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oncashourselves,but…well,sometimes

49

fromourneedinsteadofourabundanceis

just

whatweneedtodo!48.A.easyB.lowC.softD.loose49.A.givingB.savingC.spendingD.begging15年全國(guó)觀點(diǎn)看法把握作者/人物看法情感，體悟?qū)懽饕鈭D[解析]作者寫(xiě)文章的目的是什么？確定要有教化意義。體會(huì)作者在此處的目的——在錢(qián)不多的時(shí)候助人更能體現(xiàn)助人為樂(lè)的精神。故選B,B。1.Whenparentsbringhomeapet,theirchildgladlybathesitandbrushesitsfur.Withinashorttime,however,the9ofcaringtheanimalishandedovertotheparents.A.promiseB.burdenC.rightD.game[解析]體會(huì)小孩子的心理——起先高興奮興為動(dòng)物梳毛，后來(lái)失去愛(ài)好，失去愛(ài)好了再做啥事都會(huì)變成負(fù)擔(dān)。故選B。14年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)2.Itriedtofinda

comfortablepositionandthoughtitmightberestful,

even

kindofnice,tobe

pushed

aroundforawhile.Lookingaround,I

50

Iwouldhavetohandlethethingmyself?50.A.realizedB.suggestedC.agreedD.admitted[解析]原以為會(huì)有人推著到處走走，環(huán)顧四周，卻發(fā)出疑問(wèn)，我確定是意識(shí)到什么。故選A。13年新課標(biāo)即時(shí)練習(xí)13全國(guó)

AccordingtoGreeklegend,inancientAthensamannoticedthegreatstorytellerAesopplayingchildishgameswithsomelittleboys.He

36

andmadefunofAesop,asking

himwhyhewastedhistimeinsuch

37

games.Aesoprespondedby

38

abow,looseningitsstring,andplacingitontheground.Thenhesaidtothecriticalman,“Now,

39

theriddle(迷),ifyoucan.Telluswhattheunstrungbowmeans.”Theman

40

atitforseveralminutesbuthadnoideaaboutwhat

41

Aesopwastryingtomake.Aesop

42

,“Ifyoukeepabowalwaysbent,itwillbreak

43

;butifyouletitgoloose,itwillbemore

44

forusewhenyouwantit.”36.A.wondered

B.laughed

C.shoutedD.cried37.A.wise

B.bright

C.foolish

D.false38.A.pickingup

B.throwingaway

C.makingup D.puttingdown39.A.make

B.answer

C.follow

D.ask40.A.stopped

B.aimed

C.smiled

D.looked41.A.point

B.legend

C.idea

D.plan42.A.answered

B.replied

C.explained

D.called43.A.finally

B.certainly

C.firstly

D.generally44.A.possible

B.careful

C.hopeful

D.fit綜合演練13全國(guó)

Soitiswithus.Ourmindsandbodiesarelikethe

45

.Whenoftenunderthe

46

ofeverydaylife,wecanfinally

47

.Weneedtoloosenup;weneedtimeto

48

thepressureoffandrelax.Formerbaseballpitcher(投球手)DutchLeonardmighthaveputitalittledifferently.Heoncesaidthatthe

49

ofgreatpitchingisnotspeedortheabilitytothrowcurves(曲線(xiàn)球).It’sthe“changeofpace”.Eventhe

50

batter(擊球手)willsoonlearnhowtohitapitcherwhocontinuallythrowsthesamekindofpitch.Butit’s

51

tohitapitcherwhochangesthepaceofpitching.That

52

ofpacegivesapitcheranadvantageovertheotherpitchers.

45.A.string

B.bow

C.riddle

D.activity46.A.routine

B.control

C.pressure

D.pain47.A.fall

B.break C.die

D.pass48.A.put

B.catch

C.give

D.take49.A.secret

B.solution

C.ability

D.method50.A.great

B.successful

C.average

D.smart51.A.easy

B.hard

C.likely

D.usual52.A.kind

B.game

C.change

D.speed綜合演練13全國(guó)

Achangeofpacealsogivesusa(n)

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inlife.Takingtimetowatchtheclouds,enjoyabreeze,takeawalk,readjustslowdownis

54

ifwearetobeourbestlater.Andaregulardayofrestisasimportantasregularsleep.It’sa

55

oftakingthepressureoff.Tobeyourbest,makesureyouchangeyourpace.Itmayjustbethechangeyouneed.53.A.advantage

B.road

C.bottom

D.center54.A.convenient

B.necessary C.acceptable

D.reasonable55A.trick

B.result

C.beginning

D.way綜合演練15全國(guó)II卷

Wheredoyougowhenyouwanttolearnsomething?School?Afriend?Atutor?Theseareall

41

placesoflearning.Butitmaywellbethatthelearningyoureallywant

42somewhereelseinstead.Ihadthe

43

ofseeingthisfirsthandona

44

.Mydaughterplaysonarecreationalsoccerteam.Theydidwellthisseasonandso

45

atournament,whichnormallywasonlyformoreskilledclubteams.Thisledtosome

46experiencesonSaturdayastheyplayedagainstteams

47

trained.Throughthefirsttwogames,her

48

didnotgetoneseriousshotongoal.Asaparent,I

49

seeingmydaughterplayingherbest,

50

stilldefeated.41.

A.

public B.

traditional C.

official D.

special42.

A.

passes

B.

works C.

lies

D.

ends43.

A.

dream

B.

idea C.

habit D.

chance44.

A.

trip

B.

holiday C.

weekend D.

square45.

A.

won B.

entered

C.

organized D.

watched46.

A.

painful B.

strange C.

common D.

practical47.

A.

less B.

poorly C.

newly

D.

better48.

A.

fans B.

tutors C.

class

D.

team49.

A.

imagined B.

hated C.

avoided D.

missed50.

A.

if

B.

or

C.

but D.

as綜合演練15全國(guó)II卷

Itseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththe

51

betweenSaturdayandSunday.Whenthey

52

fortheirSundaygame,theywere

53

different.Theyhadbeguntointegrate(融合)thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad

54

thedaybeforeintotheir

55

.Theyplayedaggressivelyand

56

scoredagoal.It

57

methatplayingagainsttheotherteamwasagreat

58

momentforallthegirlsontheteam.Ithinkitisageneralprinciple.

59

isthebestteacher.Thelessonstheylearnedmaynotbe

60

whattheywouldhavegotteninschool,but