高考大綱十種時(shí)態(tài)講解

語法專題時(shí)態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)概念：常常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為及現(xiàn)在的某種狀況。時(shí)間狀語：always,usually,often,sometimes,everyweek(day,year,month…),onceaweek,onSundays,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此時(shí)態(tài)的謂語動(dòng)詞若為行為動(dòng)詞，則在其前加don't,如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用doesn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：①把be動(dòng)詞放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do提問，如主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，則用does，同時(shí)，還原行為動(dòng)詞。什么情況下用？①表示常常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。②表示主語通常的實(shí)力、愛好愛好、和性格特征。③表示客觀的事實(shí)或真理。④表示依據(jù)時(shí)刻表或已經(jīng)支配支配好的將來行為。（只限于是go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,takeoff,stop,be等表示起先或移動(dòng)意義的詞。）⑤在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(shí)(will+動(dòng)詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。（主將從現(xiàn)）當(dāng)主語是第三人稱時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用動(dòng)詞原形。動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變更規(guī)則1.He______(be,am,is,are)ateacheratNo.2MiddleSchool.2.He______(have,has)classesintheafternoon.3.He______(get,gets)upathalfpastsixeverymorning.4.Healways_____(come,comes)toschoolontime.5.He______(study,studies)veryhardathislesson.6.Oneandtwo_____(be,is,are)three.7.Blueandyellow_____(make,makes)green.8.Theearth_____(move,moves)roundthesun.9.IwillgothereifI____(be,willbe,am,is,are)freetomorrow.2、一般過去時(shí)概念：過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過去習(xí)慣性、常常性的動(dòng)作、行為。時(shí)間狀語：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year,night,month…),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①be動(dòng)詞；②行為動(dòng)詞否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行為動(dòng)詞前加didn't，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。一般疑問句：①was或were放于句首；②用助動(dòng)詞do的過去式did提問，同時(shí)還原行為動(dòng)詞。謂語動(dòng)詞使用過去式形式，加ed，分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則變化。表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用“usedtodo”和“would+動(dòng)詞原形”。1.He____(be,was,were,been)hereamomentago.2.They____(be,was,were,been)herejustnow.3.Thescientists_____(leave,leaves,leaved,left)forAmericayesterday.4.Lastweekwe______(visit,visited)theScienceMuseum.5.WhenIwasachild,Ioften____(play,played)football.6.Thestudentsranoutoftheclassroomassoonasthebell____(ring,rang,rung).3、一般將來時(shí)構(gòu)成:①will,shall+動(dòng)詞原形，其中shall只用于第一人稱。②begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形，表示主觀準(zhǔn)備，按支配，支配要發(fā)生的事情。③beto+動(dòng)詞原形，表示客觀支配④beaboutto+不定式，意為立刻要做某事，剛要做某事。⑤某些動(dòng)詞，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表將來，如come,go,arrive,leave。⑥在時(shí)間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時(shí)(will+動(dòng)詞原形)，從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。⑦一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可表示按時(shí)辰表發(fā)生的將來的動(dòng)作(限start,begin,arrive,end,close,leave---等表示起先或移動(dòng)意義的詞)時(shí)間狀語：Tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.否定形式：主語+am/is/arenotgoingtodo；主語+will/shallnotdo+其他一般疑問句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。e.g.Shewillbebackinthreedays.Shewillnotbebackinthreedays.WillShebebackinthreedays?Theyaregoingtocleantheirclassroom.Theyarenotgoingtocleantheirclassroom.Aretheygoingtocleantheirclassroom?1_____you____adoctorwhenyougrowup?AWill;goingtobeBAre;goingtobeCAre;/DWill;be2Idon’tknowifhisuncle_____.Ithinkhe_____ifitdoesn’train.Awillcome;comesBwillcome;willcomeCcomes;comesDcomes;willcome3Hewillbeback_____afewminutes.AwithBforConDin4Whattime_____wemeetatthegatetomorrow?AwillBshallCdoDare5Hewillhaveaholidayassoonashe_____theworknextweek.AfinishesBdoesn’tfinishCwillfinishDwon’tfinish6There_____someshowersthisafternoon.AwillbeBwillhaveCisgoingtobeDaregoingtohave7It____mybrother’sbirthdaytomorrow.She_____aparty.Aisgoingtobe;willhaveBwillbe;ishavingCwillbe;isgoingtohaveDwillhave;isgoingtobe8LiMingis10yearsoldnow,nextyearhe_____11.AisBisgoingtobeCwillbeDwilltobe4、過去將來時(shí)構(gòu)成：（would+動(dòng)詞原形，或?qū)頃r(shí)的其它過去構(gòu)成形式wasgoingtodo……）表示以過去某一時(shí)間為參照，在過去看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在賓語從句及間接引語中，時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，常常會(huì)用到過去將來時(shí)。如Ithoughtitwasgoingtobefun.時(shí)間狀語：---soon/thenextday---that-clause(名詞性從句或上下文中---)1.ItoldmyfriendthatI____(should/wouldarrive,shall/willarrive)soon.2.Theylookedatthosecloudsoverthesky.It____(isgoingtorain,wasgoingtorain).3.Theysaidthatthey____(aretomeet,weretomeet)atthegatethenextday.4.We_____(areabouttogo,wereabouttogo)outwhenitstartedtorain.5、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)作謂語的動(dòng)詞用來表示動(dòng)作（狀況）發(fā)生時(shí)間的各種形式稱為時(shí)態(tài)。1.概念：表示現(xiàn)階段或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作及行為。2.時(shí)間狀語：Now,atthistime,days,look.listen等時(shí)間狀語做標(biāo)記。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+doing+其他4.否定形式：主語+be+not+doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把be動(dòng)詞放于句首。6.用法：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示1)、現(xiàn)在（說話的瞬間）正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)“此時(shí)此刻”。E.g.Heisreading.Theyaretalkingnow.2)、當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。E.g.Theyareworkingthesedays.3)、某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表預(yù)定的支配或即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.gIamcoming.現(xiàn)在分詞的變法有1)、一般在動(dòng)詞詞尾加上-ing,E.g.jump2)、以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去e，再加-ing.E.ghavewrite3)、.以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞，它前面是單個(gè)元音字母時(shí)要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫，再加上-ing.E.g.sitput1.I____(write,amwriting,iswriting,arewriting)aletternow.2.Look,it_____(begin,isbeginning,ambeginning,arebeginning)torain.3.They____(study,isstudying,amstudying,arestudying)medicineattheMedicalInstituteofChengdethesedays.4.He_____(teach,amteaching,isteaching,areteaching)anEnglishlessonatthistime.6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)1.概念：表示過去某段時(shí)間或某一時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的行為或動(dòng)作。2.時(shí)間狀語：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+was/were+doing+其他4.否定形式：主語+was/were+not+doing+其他5.一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首。(第一個(gè)字母大寫）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語連用，如lastnight,atthattime,atnoonyesterday,lastSunday等。也有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，要通過上下文的示意來確定用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。1.I_____(cook,cooked,wascooking,werecooking)breakfastwhenyouarrived.2.What____you_____(do,did,was...doing,were…doing)atthistimeyesterdayevening?3.We_____(have,arehaving,had,werehaving)dinnerwhenthedoorbellrang.4.While/When/Aswe____(have,had,arehaving,werehaving)dinner,thedoorbellrang.7、將來進(jìn)行時(shí)概念：表示將來某時(shí)進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作,或按預(yù)料將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情.常用來表示禮貌的詢問、懇求。

1、陳述句中：shall/will+be+V-ing2、否定句中：shall/willnotbe+V-ing3、一般疑問句：Shall/Will+主語+be+doing4、特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+will/shall+be+doing【口訣】

“將來某時(shí)（段）正進(jìn)行，預(yù)料不久要發(fā)生。通常用在口語中，語氣委婉頓生情?！?/p>

(1)

表示將來某時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與soon,

tomorrow,

this

evening,

on

Sunday,

by

this

time,

in

two

days,

tomorrow

evening等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：

I

will

be

having

an

English

class

at

8

tomorrow.

我明天八點(diǎn)鐘正在上英語課。

Mary

will

be

working

in

the

factory

in

the

next

two

months.下兩個(gè)月瑪麗將在這個(gè)廠里工作。(2)

在口語中常用來表示按支配或支配即要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：

This

time

tomorrow

I

shall

be

flying

to

New

York.

明天這個(gè)時(shí)候我將飛往紐約。

At

7:00

this

evening

I

will

be

watching

the

news

programmes

on

TV.

今晚七時(shí)，我將正在收看電視上的新聞節(jié)目。(3)

表示預(yù)料不久要發(fā)生或勢(shì)必要發(fā)生的事情或?qū)淼哪撤N可能性，說話人往往有“我料想”或“我估計(jì)”的含義。如：

We

believe

that

peasants’

life

will

be

getting

better

and

better.

我們信任農(nóng)夫的生活會(huì)越來越好。

If

we

don’t

do

so,

we

shall

be

making

a

serious

mistake.

假如我們不那樣做，我們就會(huì)犯嚴(yán)峻的錯(cuò)誤。(4)

表示親切或委婉的語氣。如：

When

shall

we

be

meeting

again?

我們什么時(shí)候再見面？8、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.概念：表示發(fā)生在過去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能剛剛結(jié)束也有可能接著進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，甚至持續(xù)到將來，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成確定的影響或結(jié)果。常與since+過去時(shí)（間）,for+一段時(shí)間連用。表示與現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系的過去的動(dòng)作。2.時(shí)間狀語：yet,already,just,never,ever,sofar,bynow,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+時(shí)間段，recently,lately,inthepastfewyears,etc.3.基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+p.p（過去分詞）+其他4.否定形式：主語+have/has+not+p.p（過去分詞）+其他5.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+p.p（過去分詞）+其他?非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在時(shí)間上沒有持續(xù)性，常見的有come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,

buy,join,die,buy,find,stop,become,open,borrow,lend,appear,close,fall,finish,sell,lose,kill等，這些動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。但是，非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的持續(xù)，可與for/since等時(shí)間狀語連用。

有些同學(xué)錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為這類非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能用于完成時(shí)態(tài)中。其實(shí)，錯(cuò)誤的本質(zhì)在于非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的錯(cuò)誤搭配，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)無關(guān)。

持續(xù)性語境中的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用

在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段相連用的狀況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯(cuò)誤地直譯為：

Hehasfallenasleepforanhour.他睡了一小時(shí)了。（×）

Hisfatherhasdiedforthreeyears.他父親去世三年了。（×）

當(dāng)出現(xiàn)這種狀況時(shí)，我們往往實(shí)行以下解決方法：

（1）將非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。所謂狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞就是指這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。如：

Hehasbeenasleepforanhour.（fallasleep,“入睡”為短暫動(dòng)作，但beasleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞，可持續(xù)。）

Hisfatherhasbeendeadforthreeyears.（die為短暫動(dòng)詞，“死”后的狀態(tài)可用“bedead”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來描述，可持續(xù)。）

常見的這種動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類：

gothere—bethere,comeback—beback,borrow—keep,buy/catch—have,arrive—bein,begin—beon,open—beopen,close—beclosed,die—bedead,leave—beawayfrom,getup—beup,fallasleep—beasleep,become—be,join—bein/amemberof,receive—have,catch/getacold—haveacold,getmarried—bemarried，come→bein，finish→beover，leaver→beawayhave（has）been和have（has）gone的區(qū)分

havebeentoaplace意思是“到過、去過”，表示曾到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒；havegonetoaplace表示“去了”，已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已經(jīng)到那兒了。

Youhave_____atallyoungman.AgrownBgrownintoCgrownusDgrownup2.Hehas____thewatchforayear.AbuyBboughtChaveDhad3.Hasyourbrother_____thedog?AkeptinBfedCfedonDkepton4.I_____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.AborrowedBhaveborrowedCkeptDhavekept5.Haveyouever_____totheGreatWall?It'sverybeautiful.AgoneBbeenCwentDgo6.Herbrother_____thePartysince1978.AjoinedBhasjoinedChasbeeninDwasin7.TheGreens_____manyplacesofinterestsincetheycametoChina.AwillvisitBvisitedChavevisitedDvisit8I'msorry,I____yourname.AhadforgottenBforgotChaveforgottenDforgotten9Thebookshop_____foreightyears.AhasbeenopenBhasbeenopenedChasopenedDhasopen10Wehave_____allthepapersoweneedtobuysome.AusedupBmadeofCfilledwithDhuntedfor11TheflowerI____grownup.AplantedhasBplantedhaveChasplantedDhaveplanted巧解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)題技巧1:找尋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的“段時(shí)間”。(1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去已經(jīng)起先并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用:for+一段時(shí)間;since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間(since作連詞后接從句時(shí),該從句要用一般過去時(shí))。(2)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)也用在含有during/in/overthelastyears或inrecentyears等的句子中。趁熱打鐵1.TheOrientalPearlTVTower_______tensofthousandsofvisitorssince1995.attracted

B.attracts

C.hasattracted

D.willattract

2.—Howlong_______you_____here?

—Forabouttwoyearssofar.

have,studied

B.did,live

C.do,stay

D.were,swimming3.—Howisyourfather?I__himforalongtime.

—Heisfine,butbusy.don’tsee

B.hadn’tseenC.didn’tsee

D.haven’tseen4.Meimeihasreceivedseverallettersfromherhometownsinceshe_______tothecity.

A.came

B.comes

C.hascome

D.willcome

技巧2:找尋現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞標(biāo)記或句型。(1)在做時(shí)態(tài)題時(shí),留意視察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的副詞:yet,already,never,lately,recently,ever,just,before,(ever)since等。(2)句型:Ithasbeen+段時(shí)間+since+過去時(shí).也可以表示為:Itis+段時(shí)間+since+過去時(shí).

趁熱打鐵—Whatareyougoingtodothisweekend?

—I_______yet.

haven’tdecided

B.won’tdecideC.havedecided

D.didn’tdecide2.Mymother_______thewindowsalready,sotheroomlooksmuchbrighter.hascleaned

B.hadcleanedC.iscleaning

D.willclean3.It____tenyearssincewelast_____inBeijing.was,met

B.hasbeen,met

C.was,meet

D.is,meet4.—Howlonghastheweatherbeenlikethis?

—_______.

Untillastnight

B.EversincelastnightC.Twodaysago

D.Twodayslater技巧3:把握havebeento與havegoneto的區(qū)分。

havebeento曾經(jīng)去過某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個(gè)地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)以前的經(jīng)驗(yàn))havegoneto去了某處(強(qiáng)調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來)

趁熱打鐵1.—IsthatJackspeaking?

—Sorry,heisn’tinrightnow.He_______thecinemawithhisaunt.hasbeento

B.hasgonetoC.havebeento

D.havegoneto2.—Hello,mayIspeaktoyourfather,please?

—Sorry,myfather_______toShanghai.Hewenttherethismorning.A.goes

B.hasgone

C.hasbeen

D.go3.—Howmanytimes_______you_______toBeijingthisyear?

—Threetimes.have,been

B.had,beenC.have,gone

D.hadgone技巧4:分清持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如:have,keep,study,live,teach等。非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作瞬間完成的動(dòng)詞。如:begin,buy,borrow,lend等。做題時(shí),要留意句中是否有段時(shí)間,假如有則用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。趁熱打鐵1.—Oh,Mrs.King,yourdresslooksnice.Isitnew?

—No,I_______itsincetwoyearsago.

had

B.bought

C.havehad

D.havebought2.Tom_______theCDplayerfortwoweeks.haslent

B.hasborrowedC.hasbought

D.hashad3.—Howlonghastheforeigner_______here?

—Hehas_______hereforseveralhours.

arrived;come

B.come;gotC.stayed;been

D.left;beenaway4.Thefilm_______forhalfanhour.hasbegun

B.hasbeenbegunC.hasbeenon

D.began

9、過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)1、概念：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去（past-in-the-past）”。------|-----------|----------|-------->那時(shí)以前

那時(shí)

現(xiàn)在

2、構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)由“助動(dòng)詞had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中had通用于各種人稱。

Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel.

Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning.

3、它的否定句是在had后邊加not，變一般疑問句是把had提前。E.g.Ihadreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Ihadnotreachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock.Hadyoureachedthestationbefore9:00o'clock?4、它通常和before,bytheendof等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用.另外,復(fù)合句的主句為一般過去時(shí),賓語從句表達(dá)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作時(shí),從句也要用過去完成時(shí).E.g.Hesaidhehadneverseensuchanexcitingmatchbefore.過去完成時(shí)須要與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與already，yet，still，just，before，never等時(shí)間副詞及by，before，until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。1.We____(haveread,hadread)500storiesbytheendoflastterm.2.Hesaidthatthey_____(havearrived,hadarrived)anhourbefore.3.After/Whenhe____(hasdone,haddone)hisjob,hewenttobed.4.Iwaitedtillhe____(hasfinished,hadfinished)hiswork.5.WhenIgotthere,he___(hasbeen,hadbeen)awayforhalfanhour.6.IwentbacktotheclassroombecauseI____(haveleft,hadleft)mydictionarythere.10、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示某動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間起先，始終延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。確定句主語+have(has)been+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)．<比較>現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)主語+have(has)been+過去分詞(done)．疑問句Have(Has)+主語+been+現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)？一.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的定義和結(jié)構(gòu)eg.1.Ithasbeenrainingforthreedays.雨下了三天了。2.Wehavebeenwaitingforhimfortwohours.我們等他等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。3.Haveyoubeenwritingalltheday?你一成天都在寫嗎？4.Howlonghasitbeenraining?雨下了多久了？現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1.表示“持續(xù)”即表示一個(gè)從過去某時(shí)起先始終持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，這動(dòng)作可能剛剛停止，也可能還在進(jìn)行。eg.1)Thechildrenhavebeenhavingalotoffun.孩子們始終玩得很快樂。2)Sheisverytired.Shehasbeenworkingallmorning.她很累。她干了一早晨了。3)Thetobaccoindustryhasbeentryingtoimproveitsimage.煙草行業(yè)始終在試圖改善其形象。二.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法2.表示“重復(fù)”即表示在一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作的多次重復(fù)，而這個(gè)重復(fù)的動(dòng)作在說話時(shí)并不確定在進(jìn)行。eg.1)Wehaveallalongbeenmakingmistakeslikethis.我們始終犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤。2)JimhasbeenphoningJennyeverynightforthepastweek.一星期以來吉姆每天晚上給詹妮打電話。二.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所用的時(shí)間狀語：allday/month;thismonth/week/year;thesedays;recently/lately;inthepastfew+時(shí)間段;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn);for+時(shí)間段,等。eg.1.Hehasbeenworkingallday.他成天都在工作。2.Theyhavebeenbuildingthebridgefortwomonth.兩個(gè)月來他們始終在修橋。3.Carsaleshavebeenshrinkingrecently.汽車銷量近來始終在下降。4.ThetwopartieshavebeentryingtounitesincetheNewYear.自從新年以來，雙方就始終在試圖聯(lián)手。三.與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行連用的主要時(shí)間狀語1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)，因此，表示動(dòng)作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。eg.Hehaschangedhisidea.他變更了想法。四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分2.在表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)時(shí)，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的進(jìn)行。因此在需要明確表示動(dòng)作還要持續(xù)下去時(shí)，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。eg.Wehavebeenstudyingherefortwoyears.我們?cè)谶@兒已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了兩年了。四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分3.在很多狀況下，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)卻并非如此。eg.1)Hehascleanedthewindow.他把窗戶擦干凈了。(動(dòng)作已完成)2)Hehasbeencleaningthewindow.他始終在擦窗戶。(動(dòng)作不確定完成)四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分4.有些靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。eg.1)Ihaveknownhimformanyyears.我相識(shí)他有很多年了。2)Thewarhaslastedforalongtime.這場(chǎng)斗爭持續(xù)了很長時(shí)間。四.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)分5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的相通性：在表達(dá)一個(gè)從過去起先而現(xiàn)在仍在接著或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)，某些動(dòng)詞既可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，意思差別不大。如expect,hope,learn,lie,live,look,rain,sleep,sit,