長城英文介紹中英文對照課件

TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesofstoneandearthenfortificationsinnorthernChina,builtoriginallytoprotectthenorthernbordersoftheChineseEmpireagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroups.Severalwallshavebeenbuiltsincethe5thcenturyBCthatarereferredtocollectivelyastheGreatWall,whichhasbeenrebuiltandmaintainedfromthe5thcenturyBCthroughthe16thcentury.Oneofthemostfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220–206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.Littleofthatwallremains;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasbuiltduringtheMingDynasty.TheGreatWallofChinaTheGreatWallofChinaHistory歷史Visibilityfromspace太空視野Notableareas著名的區(qū)域HistoryTheChinesewerealreadyfamiliarwiththetechniquesofwall-buildingbythetimeoftheSpringandAutumnPeriod.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriodfromthe5thcenturyBCto221BC,thestatesofQin,Wei,Zhao,QiandYanallconstructedextensivefortificationstodefendtheirownborders.QinShiHuangconqueredallopposingstatesandunifiedChinain221BC,establishingtheQinDynasty.ToprotecttheempireagainstintrusionsbytheXiongnupeoplefromthenorth,heorderedthebuildingofanewwalltoconnecttheremainingfortificationsalongtheempire'snewnorthernfrontier.Mostoftheancientwallshaveerodedawayoverthecenturies,andveryfewsectionsremaintoday.

從春秋時代開始，我國古代人民便已熟悉城墻建造技術(shù)。在從公元前5世紀(jì)至公元前221年的戰(zhàn)國時期，秦、魏、趙、齊和燕各國建立廣泛的防御工事來保衛(wèi)自己的邊界。公元前221年，秦始皇征服了所有反對國家而統(tǒng)一了個國，建立秦朝。為了避免匈奴人的入侵，他下沿著整個國家的北部邊界建立新的城墻，以連接殘留的防御工事。古城墻大部分已侵蝕了數(shù)百年，只有極少數(shù)路段保留至今。后來的長城由漢，隋和晉朝以極大的代價來修理，改建或是擴建長城以捍衛(wèi)自己免于北方的侵略。在15世紀(jì)40-60年代，明朝修建了所謂的“遼東長城”。明朝末年，長城抵御了滿清帝國入侵。然而，當(dāng)山海關(guān)隘口被吳三桂打開后，滿族人迅速占領(lǐng)了北京，建立了清朝。在清朝統(tǒng)治下，中國的邊界一直延伸到長城之外和蒙古，所以建造和維修長城的工事被停止。HistoryNotableareas

1."NorthPass"ofJuyongguanpass,knownastheBadaling.Madeofstoneandbricksfromthehills,thisportionoftheGreatWallis7.8

meters(25.6

ft)highand5

meters(16.4

ft)wide.

“北通”居庸關(guān)，也就是八達嶺。由石頭和磚塊砌成，這部分長城高7.8米（25.6英尺）寬5米（16.4英尺）。2.“WestPass”ofJiayuguan.ThisfortisnearthewesternedgesoftheGreatWall.

“西通”嘉峪關(guān)。這個要塞靠近長城的西部邊緣。

3."EastPass"ofShanhaiguan.ThisfortisneartheeasternedgesoftheGreatWall.

“東通”山海關(guān)。這個要塞靠近長城的東部邊緣。Visibilityfromspace

AmorecontroversialquestioniswhethertheWallisvisiblefromlowearthorbit(analtitudeofaslittleas100miles(160km)).NASAclaimsthatitisbarelyvisible,andonlyundernearlyperfectconditions;itisnomoreconspicuousthanmanyotherman-madeobjects

比較有爭議的問題是，長城在低地球軌道上(海拔僅為100英里（160公里）是否可見。美國國家航空航天局聲稱幾乎是看不到