初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)精講

關(guān)于初中英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)精講第一頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語、同位語和插入語。第二頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日二）主語：主語(Subject)

表示句子說的是什么人或什么事.

是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句（當(dāng)主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：第三頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）第四頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主語從句）（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）第五頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（三）謂語

謂語(Predicate)說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。謂語的構(gòu)成如下：1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構(gòu)成。如：

Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffatteno’clock.第六頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（三）謂語

2、復(fù)合謂語：（1）由情態(tài)動詞加動詞原形構(gòu)成。如：

Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.（2）由助動詞加動詞原形,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞構(gòu)成。如：

DoyouspeakEnglish？

Theyareworkinginafield.Hehascaughtabadcold.（3）由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。如：

Wearestudents.注意：謂語與主語在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。第七頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（四）表語

表語(Predicative)用以說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動詞（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語及表語從句表示。例如：第八頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名詞）2.Isityours?（代詞）3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容詞）4.Thespeechisexciting.（分詞）5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?（數(shù)詞）第九頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.（不定式）7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.（動名詞）8.Themeetingisofgreatimportance.（介詞短語）9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副詞）10.Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.（表語從句）第十頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系動詞用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：

Heisateacher.2）持續(xù)系動詞用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：

Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.

3）表像系動詞用來表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,

例如：

Heseems(tobe)verysad.

第十一頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日注意：系動詞（Linkingverb)用于連接主語和表語，說明主語的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。

4）感官系動詞主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：

Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）變化系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：

Theriverwasbeginningtorundry.

6）終止系動詞表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove,turnout,表達"結(jié)果是;證明是"，之意，例如：

Therumorprovedfalse.Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.

第十二頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（五）賓語賓語（Object）表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。例如：1.Heisdoinghishomework.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名詞）（代詞、動名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）第十三頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語）（動名詞短語）（賓語從句）第十四頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：

HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：

Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.第十五頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日下列動詞只能接不定式做賓語

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.第十六頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日下列動詞只能接動名詞做賓語

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.第十七頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日下列動詞既可接不定式，也可接動名詞做賓語，但意義不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。

forgettodo表示“未發(fā)生的動作”，forgetdoing表示“已完成的動作”。如：

Don'tforgettocomehereearliertomorrow.(還沒來)

Iforgotreturningthebooktohim.(書已還給他了)

第十八頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（六）賓語補足語

賓語補足語（ObjectComplement），用于補充說明賓語的動作，一般位于賓語之后，賓語與賓語補足語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。需接復(fù)合賓語的動詞有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“賓補”一般可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。例如：第十九頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日1.HisfathernamedhimXiaoming.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語）（從句）第二十頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（七）定語

修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語(Attribute)。定語可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilinisabeautifulcity.（形容詞）2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分詞）3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.（名詞）4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代詞）第二十一頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.（不定式短語）6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（動名詞）7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.（介詞短語）8.Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestinmyclass.(定語從句)第二十二頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日（八）狀語

修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子，說明動作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語（Adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆?.Lighttravelsmostquickly.2.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語）（不定式短語）第二十三頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日4.Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.5.Waitaminute.6.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分詞短語）（名詞）（狀語從句）第二十四頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日9種狀語種類如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（時間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點狀語）（方式狀語）第二十五頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.

8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）（比較狀語）第二十六頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日

（九）同位語（Appositive）對前面的名詞或代詞做進一步的解釋，通常由名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞或從句擔(dān)任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.（十）插入語（Parenthesis）對一句話做一些附加的解釋，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe---)等，如：Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.第二十七頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日(一).

指出下列句中主語的中心詞

(4分，4分鐘)

①

The

teacher

with

two

of

his

students

is

walking

into

the

classroom.

②

There

is

an

old

man

coming

here.

③

The

useful

dictionary

was

given

by

my

mother

last

year.

④

To

do

today's

homework

without

the

teacher's

help

is

very

difficult.

第二十八頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日(二).

選出句中謂語的中心詞

(10分，10分鐘)

①

I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.

A.

don't

B.

like

C.

picture

D.

wall

②

The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.

A.

get

B.

longer

C.

days

D.

summer

③

Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?

A.

Do

B.

usually

C.

go

D.

bus

④

There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.

A.

will

be

B.

meeting

C.

the

library

D.

afternoon

⑤

Did

the

twins

have

porridge

for

their

breakfast?

A.

Did

B.

twins

C.

have

D.

breakfast

⑥

Tom

didn't

do

his

homework

yesterday.

A.

Tom

B.

didn't

C.

do

D.

his

homework

⑦

What

I

want

to

tell

you

is

this.

A.

want

B.

to

tell

C.

you

D.

is

⑧

We

had

better

send

for

a

doctor.

A.

We

B.

had

C.

send

D.

doctor

⑨

He

is

interested

in

music.

A.

is

B.

interested

C.

in

D.

music

⑩

Whom

did

you

give

my

book

to?

A.

give

B.

did

C.

whom

D.

book

第二十九頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日三)

挑出下列句中的賓語（10分，10分鐘）

①

My

brother

hasn't

done

his

homework.

A

B

C

D

②

People

all

over

the

world

speak

English.

A

B

C

D

③

You

must

pay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

A

B

C

D

④

How

many

new

words

did

you

learn

last

class?

A

B

C

D

⑤

Some

of

the

students

in

the

school

want

to

go

swimming,

how

about

you?

A

B

C

D

⑥

The

old

man

sitting

at

the

gate

said

he

was

ill.

A

B

C

D

⑦

They

made

him

monitor

of

the

class.

A

B

C

D

⑧

Go

across

the

bridge

and

you

will

find

the

museum

on

the

left.

A

B

C

D

⑨

You

will

find

it

useful

after

you

leave

school.

A

B

C

D

⑩

They

didn't

know

who

"Father

Christmas"

really

is.

A

B

C

D

第三十頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日((四)

挑出下列句中的表語

(5分，5分鐘)

①

The

old

man

was

feeling

very

tired.

A

B

C

D

②

Why

is

he

worried

about

Jim?

A

B

C

D

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

A

B

C

D

④

Soon

They

all

became

interested

in

the

subject.

A

B

C

D

⑤

She

was

the

first

to

learn

about

it.

A

B

C

D

第三十一頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日(五)

挑出下列句中的定語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

They

use

Mr.

Mrs.

with

the

family

name.

A

B

C

D

②

What

is

your

given

name?

A

B

C

D

③

On

the

third

lap

are

Class

1

and

Class

3.

A

B

C

D

④

I

am

afraid

some

people

forgot

to

sweep

the

floor.

A

B

C

D

⑤

The

man

downstairs

was

trying

to

sleep.

A

B

C

D

⑥

I

am

waiting

for

the

sound

of

the

other

shoe!

A

B

C

D

第三十二頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日(六)

挑出下列句中的賓語補足語

(6分，6分鐘)

①

She

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room.

A

B

C

D

②

He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

A

B

C

D

③

She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

A

B

C

D

④

They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

A

B

C

D

⑤

I

saw

Mr.

Wang

get

on

the

bus.

A

B

C

D

⑥

Did

you

see

Li

Ming

playing

football

on

the

playground

just

now?

A

B

C

D

第三十三頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日(七)

挑出下列句中的狀語（8分，

8分鐘）

①

There

was

a

big

smile

on

her

face.

A

B

C

D

②

Every

night

he

heard

the

noise

upstairs.

A

B

C

D

③

He

began

to

learn

English

when

he

was

eleven.

A

B

C

D

④

The

man

on

the

motorbike

was

travelling

to

fast.

A

B

C

D

⑤

With

the

medicine

box

under

her

arm,

Miss

Li

hurried

off.

A

B

C

D

⑥

She

loves

the

library

because

she

loves

books.

A

B

C

D

⑦

I

am

afraid

that

if

you've

lost

it,

you

must

pay

for

it.

A

B

C

D

⑧

The

students

followed

Uncle

Wang

to

see

the

other

machine.

A

B

C

D

第三十四頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日(八)

劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語

(5分，5分鐘)

①

Please

tell

us

a

story.

②

My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

last

week.

③

Mr.

Li

is

going

to

teach

us

history

next

term.

④

Here

is

a

pen.

Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤

Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

第三十五頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日練習(xí)一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbial第三十六頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanaged

tofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.第三十七頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialAS.PredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative第三十八頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日劃分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow.5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.7.Jimaskedyoutogivehisbestwishestoeveryone.8.Youmustgetthecarreadybytomorrow.第三十九頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日9.Ihavealotofclothestowash.Ihavealotofclothestobewashed.10.Hegavehissonsomeadviceonreading.11.Readmethefirstparagraph.12.I’veorderedsomesoupforyou.13.HebeganleaningEnglishtenyearsago.14.Mybeinglateworriedmyteacher.15.Thatpresidenthimselfwouldvisitourschoolexcitedallofus.16.April’Dayisthespecialdayoftheyearwhenyouplayajokeonsomeone.第四十頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日17.Heusuallytakesanapafterlunch,asishishabit.18.Ifoundthebookinthecorneroftheroom.19.hefinishedlunchandwentintothegarden.20.Thetelephonerang.21.Westudyhard.22.Hisfathermighthavedied.23.Willyouleavethedooropenwhengoingout.24.Canyoumakethedogstandstill?第四十一頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日25.Thelandlordhadthemworkingdayandnight.26.Ithinkasoundknowledgeofgrammarisimportanttogoodwriting.27.Weallbreathe,eat,drink.28.Iwokeupat6:00inthemorning.29.Thebookweighsfivekilos.30.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.31.Theshopassistantfoundsomecertainmaterialsforme.32.HepromisedmeanewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.第四十二頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日33.Pleasepassanewly-publishedmagazinetome.34.HelivedinGuangZhou.35.Thefatherisshowingtheboyhowtoplanttrees.36.Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.37.SheisteachingthepianotoseveralofthevillagechildrenandshehastaughtusEnglishfor3years.38.Ilikepopularmusic.39.Sheknowswhattodonext.40.Itexcitedallofusthatthepresidentwouldvisitourschool.第四十三頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的

主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.第四十四頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.第四十五頁，共五十一頁，編輯于2023年，星期日三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecook