論文：從認(rèn)知角度看英漢愛(ài)情概念隱喻

-.z隱喻論文：從認(rèn)知角度看英漢愛(ài)情概念隱喻【中文摘要】隱喻的研究源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。傳統(tǒng)修辭學(xué)歷來(lái)把隱喻當(dāng)作一種修辭手段。在最近二十幾年崛起的認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究中,隱喻不再被看作是一種修辭手段,也不再被看作是一種簡(jiǎn)單的語(yǔ)言產(chǎn)物,而被看作是人類(lèi)的一種認(rèn)知現(xiàn)象,是人類(lèi)借助語(yǔ)言而表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的思維方式和行為方式。哪里有語(yǔ)言,哪里就有隱喻。就其本質(zhì)來(lái)說(shuō)隱喻是認(rèn)知的,是人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)和理解客觀(guān)世界的一種重要的認(rèn)知手段。認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)認(rèn)為概念隱喻是通過(guò)一個(gè)事物(概念)來(lái)理解和體驗(yàn)另一個(gè)事物(概念)。概念隱喻是根植于人的思維和行為中的東西；而語(yǔ)言使用中的隱喻表達(dá)是概念隱喻派生出來(lái)的。換言之,日常生活中大量使用的隱喻表達(dá)是概念隱喻在語(yǔ)言中的具體表現(xiàn)形式。概念隱喻是始源域到目標(biāo)域的映射,具有系統(tǒng)性,不對(duì)稱(chēng)性等特征。情感是人類(lèi)最普遍最重要的人生體驗(yàn),也是認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的重要組成局部。人的認(rèn)知和情感是相互作用的。研究人類(lèi)的情感也是探索人類(lèi)認(rèn)知的重要局部。情感是抽象的,是被概念化的隱喻。隱喻在情感的概念化過(guò)程中起著重要的作用。愛(ài)情是人類(lèi)的一種特殊情感,愛(ài)情很抽象。沒(méi)有隱喻人類(lèi)將無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確美妙地表達(dá)愛(ài)情。本文擬從認(rèn)知角度,對(duì)英漢愛(ài)情隱喻進(jìn)展研究分析。由于人類(lèi)在思維模式和行為活動(dòng)方面有很大相似性,這就決定了英漢兩種語(yǔ)言在表達(dá)愛(ài)情的概念隱喻上具有一樣之處,如愛(ài)情是旅途,愛(ài)情是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等。但是由于受到不同的文化、哲學(xué)、**、生產(chǎn)方式的諸多因素的影響,英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)在表達(dá)愛(ài)情概念隱喻上又有不同之處,例如英語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有愛(ài)情是商品這樣的表達(dá),而漢語(yǔ)當(dāng)中有愛(ài)情是月亮等表達(dá)。隱喻不僅是一種語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,更是人類(lèi)的一種思維方式。本文通過(guò)對(duì)英漢兩種語(yǔ)言中愛(ài)情隱喻的比照分析,證實(shí)了英漢愛(ài)情概念隱喻具有認(rèn)知共性和文化相對(duì)性,同時(shí)也更好地驗(yàn)證了當(dāng)代隱喻理論。希望本文能對(duì)跨文化交際和外語(yǔ)教學(xué)等學(xué)科有一定的啟示意義?！居⑽恼縏hestudyofmetaphorhasundergonealonghistory.Accordingtothetraditionalrhetoric,metaphorisregardedasakindofrhetoricorornamentaldevice.However,withtherisingofcognitivelinguisticsintherecenttwodecades,metaphoristreatedasanessentialmeansofthinkingandamoncognitivephenomenonwhichispervasiveandessentialinlanguageandthought.Wherethereislanguage,thereismetaphor.Inessence,metaphorisacognitivetool,bywhichhumanbeingsunderstandtheworldaroundthemselves.Incognitivelinguistics’view,conceptualmetaphorise*periencingandunderstandingonething(concept)intermsofanother.Conceptualmetaphorsaresomethinge*istingdeepinhumanthoughtandaction;whilelinguisticmetaphorsarederivedfrommetaphoricalconcepts.Inotherwords,thedailyusedlinguisticmetaphorsaretherealizationofconceptualmetaphors.Theworkingmechanismofconceptualmetaphoristhemappingfromthesourcedomaintothetargetdomain,whichischaracterizedbybeingsystematic,asymmetric,andsoon.Emotionisnotonlythemostomnipresentandimportante*perienceofhumanbeingsbutalsoavitalsubjectofcognitivelinguistics.Cognitionandemotionareinteractive.Theresearchofemotionisalsoanimportantpartofe*ploringhumancognition.Abstractthoughitwas,emotionisconceptualizedande*pressedinmetaphoricalterms.Metaphorplaysanimportantroleintheconceptualizationofemotions.Romanticloveismonlyregardedasakindofspecialemotionwhichisabstractandhardtodescribe.Withoutmetaphor,lovewouldbenotoriouslydifficulttopindown.Thisthesisisaparativestudyoflovemetaphorsfromthecognitiveperspective.Becauseoftheuniversalityinhuman’sthoughtandbehavior,therearesimilarloveconceptualmetaphorsinbothEnglishandChinese,suchasLOVEISAJOURNEY,LOVEISWARandsoon.However,influencedbyseparateculture,philosophy,religionandmodeofproduction,thetwolanguageshavetheiruniquewaystoconceptualizelove,suchasLOVEISMODITYinEnglishandLOVEISMOONinChinese.Metaphorisnotonlyalinguisticphenomenon,butalsoanessentialmodeofthinkingandbehavior.BasedontheparativestudyoflovemetaphorsinEnglishandChinesefromtheperspectiveofcognitivelinguistics,thisthesisfindsthatlovemetaphorsinthetwolanguagesbearthecharacteristicsofcognitiveuniversalityandculturalrelativity.Atthesametime,thecontemporarytheoryofmetaphorhasbeenwellsupportedbythisthesis.Atlast,theauthorhopesthatitisinstructivetofacilitateinterculturalmunicationandforeignlanguageteaching.【關(guān)鍵詞】隱喻概念隱喻認(rèn)知愛(ài)情文化【英文關(guān)鍵詞】Metaphorconceptualmetaphorcognitionloveculture【目錄】從認(rèn)知角度看英漢愛(ài)情概念隱喻

Abstract

8-9

摘要

10-11

ListofTables

11-12

Chapter1Introduction

12-15

1.1TheSituationoftheMetaphoricalStudy:fromthePasttothePresent

12-13

1.2OutlineoftheThesis

13-15

Chapter2LiteratureReviewofMetaphor

15-32

2.1TraditionalViewsonMetaphor

15-19

2.1.1AristotleandtheparisonTheory

15-16

2.1.2QuintilianandtheSubstitutionTheory

16-17

2.1.3TheInteractionTheory

17-19

2.2TheCognitiveViewofMetaphor

19-29

2.2.1TheCognitiveNatureofMetaphor

19-20

2.2.2TheSourceDomainandtheTargetDomain

20

2.2.3TheWorkingMechanismofConceptualMetaphor

20-21

2.2.4TheE*perientialBasisofMetaphor

21-22

2.2.5ImageSchemas

22-23

2.2.6ClassificationofConceptualMetaphors

23-26

2.2.6.1OrientationalMetaphors

24-25

2.2.6.2OntologicalMetaphors

25

2.2.6.3StructuralMetaphors

25-26

2.2.7ConceptualMetaphorandMetaphoricalE*pressions

26

2.2.8TheFeaturesofMetaphoricalConcepts

26-28

2.2.8.1Systematicity

26-27

2.2.8.2Asymmetry

27-28

2.2.9MetaphorandMetonymy:fromFiguresofSpeechtoConceptualSystems

28-29

2.3MetaphoricalStudiesinChina

29-32

Chapter3ConceptualizationofLoveMetaphorsinbothEnglishandChinese

32-51

3.1Goals,MethodsandDataCollection

33-34

3.2IdenticalLoveMetaphorsinbothEnglishandChinese

34-44

3.2.1LOVEISAUNITY

34-35

3.2.2LOVEIS(AFLUIDIN)ACONTAINER

35-36

3.2.3LOVEISFIRE

36-38

3.2.4LOVEISAJOURNEY

38

3.2.5LOVEISWAR

38-40

3.2.6LOVEISDISEASE

40-41

3.2.7LOVEISPLANT

41-42

3.2.8THEOBJECTOFLOVEIS(APPETIZING)FOOD

42-43

3.2.9THEOBJECTOFLOVEISBEAUTIFUL

43-44

3.3UniqueLoveMetaphorsinEnglish

44-46

3.3.1LOVEISAVALUABLEMODITY(INANECONOMICCHANGE)

44-45

3.3.2THEOBJECTOFLOVEISAVALUABLEOBJECT

45

3.3.3LOVEISANATURALFORCE(FLOOD,WIND,STORM,etc.)

45

3.3.4LOVEISAPHYSICALFORCE(MAGNETIC,CHEMICALGRAVITIONAL,etc.)

45-46

3.4SpecificConceptualLoveMetaphorsinChinese

46-50

3.4.1LOVEISTWOINSEPERABLETHINGS

46-47

3.4