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GLOBALRANKINGOFACADEMICSUBJECTS
2021
Copyright?ShanghaiRankingConsultancy
Contents
Foreword001
Methodology002
RankingResults
RemoteSensing
Mining&MineralEngineeringMetallurgicalEngineering
BiologicalSciences
HumanBiologicalSciences
AgriculturalSciences
VeterinarySciences
ClinicalMedicine
PublicHealth
Dentistry&OralSciences
Nursing
MedicalTechnology
Pharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences
Economics
Statistics
Law
PoliticalSciences
Sociology
Education
Communication
Psychology
BusinessAdministration
Finance
Management
PublicAdministration
Hospitality&TourismManagement
Library&InformationScience
012
013
014
015
016
017
018
019
020
021
022
023
024
025
026
027
028
029
030
031
032
033
034
035
036
037
038
039
040
041
042
043
044
045
046
047
048
049
050
051
052
053
054
055
056
057
058
059
060
061
062
063
064
065
Mathematics
Physics
Chemistry
EarthSciences
Geography
Ecology
Oceanography
AtmosphericScience
MechanicalEngineering
Electrical&ElectronicEngineering
Automation&Control
TelecommunicationEngineering
InstrumentsScience&Technology
BiomedicalEngineering
ComputerScience&Engineering
CivilEngineering
ChemicalEngineering
MaterialsScience&Engineering
Nanoscience&Nanotechnology
EnergyScience&Engineering
EnvironmentalScience&Engineering
WaterResources
FoodScience&Technology
Biotechnology
AerospaceEngineering
Marine/OceanEngineering
TransportationScience&Technology
Dr.YingCheng
CEO,ShanghaiRanking
ShanghaiRanking'seffortsonrankingofworlduniversitiesbysubjectsstartedin2009.Atthebeginning,therankingincludedonly5subjectsanditadoptedthemethodologyusedinAcademicRankingofWorldUniversities(ARWU)withminorchanges.In2017,byintroducingimprovedmethodology,theGlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects(GRAS)wasextendedtocovermorethan50
subjects.ThisyearweareverygladtopresenttheresultsofGRASin54subjectsacrossNaturalSciences,Engineering,LifeSciences,MedicalSciences,andSocialSciencestothestudents,scholars,highereducationleadersandpolicymakersworldwide.
ThekeyfeatureofGRASisthatallthemeasuresareobjective,whichdistinguishesitfromothersubjectrankingswithrespecttotransparency,understandabilityandreliability.AnotheruniqueadvantageofGRASisthattwooutoffiverankingindicatorsareconstructedbasedonthe
inputfromtopscholarsthroughShanghaiRanking’sAcademicExcellenceSurveyproject.AcademicExcellenceSurveyisdifferentfrom
2021GlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects
Foreword
thosesurveysconductedbyother
rankingagencies.TheSurvey
inviteddeans,chairsandheadsof
academicunitsfromtheworld’sTop
100universitiestolistthecriteria
foracademicexcellence,suchas
themostprestigiousawardsand
journals,otherthanaskingthem
tonominatethebestuniversities
intheworldthattheymayknow
littleabout.Inaddition,theSurvey
isverytransparent.Thosewhoare
willingtogivetheiropinionshould
agreetomakepublictheirnames
andaffiliations,andtheAcademic
ExcellenceSurveyisopenallthe
timeandtheresultsisupdated
everyyear.In2021,32international
awards,164topjournals,and26
topconferencesforComputer
Science&Engineeringbasedon
AcademicExcellenceSurveyareusedintheproductionofGRAS.
Withthestrengthofobjectivemeasuresandtheimportantcontributionbythebestscholarsintheworld(thesescholarsarenotresponsibleforrankingresults),IbelievethatShanghaiRanking’sGRASisabletoprovideasoundviewontheglobalcompetitiveness
ofthousandsofuniversitiesinrankedsubjects.
001
Methodology
RankingSubjects
In2021GlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects,institutionsarerankedin54subjectsacrossNaturalSciences,Engineering,LifeSciences,MedicalSciences,andSocialSciences.
NaturalSciencesEngineering
Mathematics
Chemistry
Geography
Oceanography
MechanicalEngineering
Electrical&ElectronicEngineering
Automation&Control
TelecommunicationEngineering
InstrumentsScience&Technology
BiomedicalEngineering
ComputerScience&Engineering
CivilEngineering
ChemicalEngineering
Nanoscience&NanotechnologyEnergyScience&Engineering
WaterResources
Biotechnology
AerospaceEngineeringMarine/OceanEngineering
TransportationScience&TechnologyRemoteSensing
Mining&MineralEngineeringMetallurgicalEngineering
SocialSciences
EnvironmentalScience&EngineeringFoodScience&Technology
Physics
EarthSciences
Ecology
AtmosphericScience
MaterialsScience&Engineering
LifeSciences
BiologicalSciences
HumanBiologicalSciences
AgriculturalSciences
VeterinarySciences
MedicalSciences
ClinicalMedicine
PublicHealth
Economics
Statistics
Law
PoliticalSciences
Sociology
Education
Dentistry&OralSciences
Nursing
MedicalTechnology
Communication
Psychology
BusinessAdministration
Pharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences
Finance
Management
PublicAdministration
Hospitality&TourismManagement
Library&InformationScience
CandidateUniversities
Tobeincludedinasubjectranking,theuniversitiesneedtohaveaminimumnumberofresearchpublicationsduringtheperiodof2015-2019.Thepublicationthresholdisdifferentfordifferentsubjects.BibliometricdataarecollectedfromWebofScienceandInCites.WebofSciencecategoriesaremappedto54academicsubjects.Detailscanbefoundhere.
002
2021GlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects
PublicationThresholdandListedUniversities
Fields
Subjects
Mathematics
Physics
Chemistry
EarthSciences
Geography
Ecology
Oceanography
AtmosphericSciences
MechanicalEngineeringElectrical&ElectronicEngineeringAutomation&Control
TelecommunicationEngineeringInstrumentsScience&Technology
BiomedicalEngineering
ComputerScience&Engineering
CivilEngineering
ChemicalEngineering
MaterialsScience&Engineering
Nanoscience&Nanotechnology
EnergyScience&Engineeringa
EnvironmentalScience&Engineering
WaterResources
FoodScience&Technology
Biotechnology
AerospaceEngineering
Marine/OceanEngineeringTransportationScience&Technology
RemoteSensing
Mining&MineralEngineering
MetallurgicalEngineering
BiologicalSciences
HumanBiologicalSciences
AgriculturalSciences
VeterinarySciences
ClinicalMedicine
PublicHealth
Dentistry&OralSciences
Nursing
MedicalTechnology
Pharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences
Economics
Statistics
Law
PoliticalSciences
Sociology
Education
Communication
Psychology
BusinessAdministration
Finance
Management
Publicadministration
Hospitality&TourismManagementLibrary&InformationSciences
PublicationThreshold
ListedUniversities
500500 500 500
300
500
200
400
400
500
200
300300300
500
300
500500
400400
500
200
300
500
5050
200
100
100
200
500500500
300
500500
300300
400
500
500
200
300
400
200
500
300
500
400
200
500
200
300
100
Natural
Sciences
Engineering
Life
Sciences
Medical
Sciences
Social
Sciences
100
300
200
100
100
100
50
50
100
150
100
100
100
100
150
100
100
200
150
200
200
100
100
100
50
50
50
50
25
100
200
100
100
50
300
200
50
50
100
100
50
100
50
50
50
50
25
100
50
50
50
25
25
50
003
MappingofWebofScienceCategoriestoAcademicSubjects
Fields
AcademicSubjects
WebofScienceCategories
Natural
Sciences
Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematics,Applied
Physics
Acoustics
Astronomy&Astrophysics
Optics
Physics,Applied
Physics,Atomic,Molecular&Chemical
Physics,CondensedMatter
Physics,Fluids&Plasmas
Physics,Mathematical
Physics,Multidisciplinary
Physics,Nuclear
Physics,Particles&Fields
Chemistry
Chemistry,Analytical
Chemistry,Applied
Chemistry,Inorganic&Nuclear
Chemistry,Multidisciplinary
Chemistry,Organic
Chemistry,Physical
Crystallography
Electrochemistry
Spectroscopy
PolymerScience
EarthSciences
Geochemistry&Geophysics
Geology
Geosciences,Multidisciplinary
Mineralogy
Paleontology
Geography
AreaStudies
Geography
Geography,Physical
Ecology
BiodiversityConservation
Ecology
Oceanography
Oceanography
AtmosphericScience
Meteorology&AtmosphericSciences
Engineering
MechanicalEngineering
Engineering,Manufacturing
Engineering,Mechanical
Electrical&ElectronicEngineering
Engineering,Electrical&Electronic
ImagingScience&PhotographicTechnology
Automation&Control
Automation&ControlSystems
Robotics
TelecommunicationEngineering
Telecommunications
InstrumentsScience&Technology
Instruments&Instrumentation
Microscopy
BiomedicalEngineering
Cell&TissueEngineering
Engineering,Biomedical
ComputerScience&Engineering
ComputerScience,InformationSystems
ComputerScience,Cybernetics
ComputerScience,SoftwareEngineering
ComputerScience,ArtificialIntelligence
ComputerScience,Hardware&Architecture
ComputerScience,Theory&Methods
ComputerScience,InterdisciplinaryApplications
CivilEngineering
Construction&BuildingTechnology
Engineering,Civil
ChemicalEngineering
Engineering,Chemical
004
2021GlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects
Fields
AcademicSubjects
WebofScienceCategories
Engineering
MaterialsScience&Engineering
MaterialsScience,Biomaterials
MaterialsScience,Ceramics
MaterialsScience,Characterization&Testing
MaterialsScience,Coatings&Films
MaterialsScience,Composites
MaterialsScience,Multidisciplinary
MaterialsScience,Paper&Wood
MaterialsScience,Textiles
Nanoscience&Nanotechnology
Nanoscience&Nanotechnology
EnergyScience&Engineering
Energy&Fuels
NuclearScience&Technology
Engineering,Petroleum
Thermodynamics
EnvironmentalScience&Engineering
Engineering,Environmental
EnvironmentalSciences
EnvironmentalStudies
WaterResources
WaterResources
FoodScience&Technology
FoodScience&Technology
Biotechnology
Biotechnology&AppliedMicrobiology
AerospaceEngineering
Engineering,Aerospace
Marine/OceanEngineering
Engineering,Marine
Engineering,Ocean
TransportationScience&Technology
Transportation
TransportationScience&Technology
RemoteSensing
RemoteSensing
Mining&MineralEngineering
Mining&MineralProcessing
MetallurgicalEngineering
Metallurgy&MetallurgicalEngineering
LifeSciences
BiologicalSciences
BiochemicalResearchMethods
Biochemistry&MolecularBiology
Biology
Biophysics
CellBiology
DevelopmentalBiology
Entomology
EvolutionaryBiology
Genetics&Heredity
Limnology
Marine&FreshwaterBiology
Mathematical&ComputationalBiology
Microbiology
Mycology
Ornithology
Physiology
ReproductiveBiology
Virology
Zoology
HumanBiologicalSciences
Neurosciences
Anatomy&Morphology
Parasitology
Pathology
Immunology
MedicalInformatics
Medicine,Research&Experimental
005
Fields
AcademicSubjects
WebofScienceCategories
LifeSciences
AgriculturalSciences
Agronomy
Horticulture
Fisheries
SoilScience
Forestry
Agriculture,Dairy&AnimalScience
Agriculture,Multidisciplinary
PlantSciences
VeterinarySciences
VeterinarySciences
Medical
Sciences
ClinicalMedicine
Allergy
Andrology
Anesthesiology
Cardiac&CardiovascularSystems
ClinicalNeurology
CriticalCareMedicine
Dermatology
EmergencyMedicine
Endocrinology&Metabolism
Gastroenterology&Hepatology
Geriatrics&Gerontology
Gerontology
Hematology
Integrative&ComplementaryMedicine
Medicine,General&Internal
Obstetrics&Gynecology
Oncology
Ophthalmology
Orthopedics
Otorhinolaryngology
Pediatrics
PeripheralVascularDisease
Psychiatry
Rehabilitation
RespiratorySystem
Rheumatology
Surgery
Transplantation
TropicalMedicine
Urology&Nephrology
Audiology&Speech-LanguagePathology
PublicHealth
HealthPolicy&Services
HealthCareSciences&Services
InfectiousDiseases
Nutrition&Dietetics
PrimaryHealthCare
Public,Environmental&OccupationalHealth
SocialSciences,Biomedical
SubstanceAbuse
Ergonomics
Dentistry&OralSciences
Dentistry,OralSurgery&Medicine
Nursing
Nursing
MedicalTechnology
MedicalLaboratoryTechnology
Neuroimaging
Radiology,NuclearMedicine&MedicalImaging
Pharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences
Chemistry,Medicinal
Pharmacology&Pharmacy
Toxicology
006
2021GlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects
Fields
AcademicSubjects
WebofScienceCategories
Social
Sciences
Economics
Economics
Statistics
Statistics&Probability
Law
Criminology&Penology\
Law
PoliticalSciences
InternationalRelations
PoliticalScience
Sociology
Sociology
Education
Education&EducationalResearch
Education,ScientificDisciplines
Education,Special
Communication
Communication
Psychology
Psychology
Psychology,Applied
Psychology,Biological
Psychology,Clinical
Psychology,Developmental
Psychology,Educational
Psychology,Experimental
Psychology,Mathematical
Psychology,Multidisciplinary
Psychology,Psychoanalysis
Psychology,Social
BehavioralSciences
BusinessAdministration
Business
IndustrialRelations&Labor
Finance
Business,Finance
Management
Management
OperationsResearch&ManagementScience
PublicAdministration
PublicAdministration
Hospitality&TourismManagement
Hospitality,Leisure,Sport&Tourism
Library&InformationScience
InformationScience&LibraryScience
007
008
Definitionof
Indicators
Q1
Thenumberofinfluentialjournalpublicationsisanimportantmeasureoftheresearchoutputoftheuniversitiesinthecorrespondingsubject.Q1isthenumberofpaperspublishedbyaninstitutioninanAcademicSubjectinjournalswithQ1JournalImpactFactorQuartileduringtheperiodof2015-2019.Only'Article’isconsidered.DataarecollectedfromWebofScienceandInCites.PublicationsindifferentWebofSciencecategoriesaregroupedintorelevantAcademicSubjects(ClassificationofWebofScienceCategoriesintoAcademicSubjects).
CNCI
CategoryNormalizedCitationImpact(CNCI)istheratioofcitationsofpaperspublishedtotheaveragecitationsofpapersinthesamecategory,thesameyearandsametypeofjournalpublication,byaninstitutioninanAcademicSubjectduringtheperiodof2015-2019.ACNCIvalueof1representsworld-averageperformance.CNCIlessthan1indicatesthatthecitationtimesof
thisgrouppublicationsarelowerthantheaveragelevel,whileCNCI
greaterthan1indicatesthatthepaper'scitationperformanceisabovetheaveragelevel.Only'Article'isconsidered.DataarecollectedfromInCitesdatabase.
IC
Internationalcollaboration(IC)isanindicatorusedtoevaluatethelevelofinternationalcollaborationintherespectivesubjectbetweeninstitutions.Theratioofthenumberofpublicationsthathavebeenfoundwithatleasttwodifferentcountriesinaddressesoftheauthorstothetotalnumberofpublicationsintherespectivesubjectforaninstitutionduringtheperiodof2015-2019.Only'Article'isconsidered.DataarecollectedfromInCitesdatabase.
Top
TopisthenumberofpaperspublishedinTopJournalsinanAcademicSubjectforaninstitutionduringtheperiodof2015-2019.TopJournalsarenominatedbydistinguishedscholarsthroughShanghaiRanking’sAcademicExcellenceSurvey.In2021,164topjournalsidentifiedbytheSurveyareusedinrankingsof48AcademicSubjects.InComputerScience&Engineering,26selectedtopconferencesarealsotakenintoaccountthisyear.Only‘Article’isconsideredforthisindicator.ButinthesubjectofPharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences,both"Article"and"Review"arecountedbecauseonlyonejournalinthissubjectwasselectedasTopjournal
anditmainlypublishesreviews.
Award
AwardreferstothetotalnumberofthestaffofaninstitutionwiningasignificantawardinanAcademicSubjectsince1981.Staffisdefinedasthosewhoworkfull-timeataninstitutionatthetimeofwinningtheprize.Ifaresearcherretiredatthetimeofwinningtheaward,wecounttheinstitutionwheretheresearcher’slastfull-timeacademicpositionwasat.ThesignificantawardsineachsubjectarenominatedthroughShanghaiRanking’sAcademicExcellenceSurvey.32prestigiousinternationalacademicawardsacross27subjectswereidentifiedbytheSurvey.
Ifawinnerisaffiliatedwithmorethanoneinstitutionatthetimeofwinningtheaward,eachinstitutionisassignedthereciprocalofthenumberofinstitutions.Iftheawardisawardedtomorethanonewinnerinoneyear,weightsaresetforwinnersaccordingtotheirproportionoftheprize.Differentweightsaresetaccordingtotheperiodsofwinningtheprizes,diminishingby25%eachretrogradedecadeTheweightis100%forwinnersin2011-2019,75%forwinnersin2001-2010,50%forwinnersin1991-2000,and25%forwinnersin1981-1990.NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineisselectedforBiologicalSciences,HumanBiologicalSciences,ClinicalMedicineandPharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences.Winnersofthisawardareassignedtooneormoresubjectsaccordingtothetopicsoftheirrecognizedcontributions.Ifacontributionbelongstomorethanonesubject,thewinnerwillbecountedonceforeachrelevantsubject.
100
100
20
20
20
2021GlobalRankingofAcademicSubjects
Differentweightsareallocatedtotheindicatorsfordifferentsubjects,aslistedbelow.
Indicators&
Weights
Naturalsciences
Engineering
LifeSciences
MedicalSciences
SocialSciences
Q1CNCIICTOPAward
Mathematics1005020100100
Physics10010020100100
Chemistry10010020100100
EarthSciences10010020100100
Geography
100
100
100
20
Ecology10010020100
Oceanography20010020
AtmosphericSciences10010020100100
MechanicalEngineering10010020100100
Electrical&ElectronicEngineering10010020100100
Automation&Control10010020100100
TelecommunicationEngineering20010020
InstrumentsScience&Technology20010020
BiomedicalEngineering10010020100
ComputerScience&Engineering10010020100100
CivilEngineering10010020100100
ChemicalEngineering10010020100100
MaterialsScience&Engineering10010020100100
Nanoscience&Nanotechnology10010020100
EnergyScience&Engineeringa10010020100
EnvironmentalScience&Engineering10010020100100
WaterResources
100
100
100
20
20
FoodScience&Technology20010020
Biotechnology20010020
AerospaceEngineering
100
100
100
20
Marine/OceanEngineering
100
100
100
20
20
TransportationScience&Technology20010020
RemoteSensing
100
100
100
20
Mining&MineralEngineering10010020100
MetallurgicalEngineering
100
100
100
20
BiologicalSciences10010020100100
HumanBiologicalSciences10010020100100
AgriculturalSciences20010020
VeterinarySciences10010020100
ClinicalMedicine10010020100
PublicHealth10010020100
Dentistry&OralSciences10010020100
Nursing10010020100
MedicalTechnology10010020100
Pharmacy&PharmaceuticalSciences10010020100
Economics
5010
150
100
100
5010
Statistics
150
100
100
Law1505010100
PoliticalSciences
5010
150
100
20
Sociology
5010
150
100
Education
5010
150
100
Communication
5010
150
100
Psychology
5010
150
100
BusinessAdministration
Finance
Management
Publicadministration
Hospitality&Tourism
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