關(guān)于給水的外文翻譯

畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)/論文外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯系別城市建設(shè)學(xué)院專業(yè)班級(jí)姓名評(píng)分指導(dǎo)教師THEANALYSISOFMULTLYERWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMFirefightingwatersupplyanddrainagedesign,high-risebuildingsgenerallyreferstotheten-storeyandresidentialbuildingsover10stories(includingthefirstfloortosetupcommercialservices,residential)orbuildingheightofmorethan24mofpublicbuildings.Multi-storybuildingisrelativelyhigh-risebuildings,butinfactthegeneraldesignofthebuildingwatersupply,multi-storeybuildingduetothelimitationsofavarietyofreasons,suchaselevators,amajorityofsixlayers,thearticlediscussesthemulti-layerreferstothelayerbelow6orlowerthan20mbuilding.Withtheimprovementofthemunicipalwatersupplynetworkandthenewequipmentandmaterialscontinuetoemerge,thelayoutofthewatersupplysystem,therapiddevelopment,andderivedfromavarietyofdifferenttypesareavailablefordesignerstochoose.However,duetothedifferentcharacteristicsofthemulti-layerandhigh-level,especiallyinthecorrectselectionoffiresafety,watersupplysystemisalsoveryimportant,otherwiserangingfromtheunstablewaterpressureofwater,whileintheaccidentfrequentlycannotbenormaloperation.Thefollowingwereintroducedtothecommonwatersupplysystemofmulti-storeybuildingsandhigh-risebuildings.MULTLYERWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMAtpresent，greatmajoritycitiesmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkcanmaintainabove2kilogramsinthehomeland，takeplaceindividualsmalltownwaterpressurecanreach4kilogramseven.Thepressuretherefore，buildingthemunicipaladministrationpipenetwork’stothesamemultilayerhasbeenalreadysufficient,hasbeeninasmalltownespeciallysincebutmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkwateryieldsupplyingwater,waterpressurefluctuationarebigger.Haveseveralkindsthefollowingtypesmainlyforovercometheseshortcomings,multilayerwatersupplysystemdesign.1.Directwatersupplytypeisthatpressure,directwatersupply,sortmakinguseofmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkdirectlyapplytoslightlyhighareaofmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkpressureorhigherrangeofwaterworksvicnitypressureinner.Theshortcomingitiswateryield,waterpressuretobeabletonotensurethat.Thiswatersupplyschemeeconomyfunctionisverygoodbut,tolesspipenetworkofscale,doesnotneedanyotherequipmentormeasure.2.Waterboxwatersupplytypeshaveledmunicipaladministrationpipenetworkwatertoroofwaterbox,discrepancyinelevation,gravitydependingonawaterboxandusingthewaterappliancehavesuppliedwater,haveovercomewaterpressurewateryieldblockofwoodstavilityandthen.Sincebut,secondarypollution,,moreover,waterboxvolumethatwaterboxthereexistsinpossibilityisbigger,thiswaydoesnotencouragetherefore.3.Waterboxes,pipenetworksallyselfwithatypewhentheordinarytimewateryieldwaterpressureissufficient,unnecessarywaterenterstheroofwaterboxwhencoveringwatersupply,overpressureaswithanetdirectlyfrommunicipaladministration,thinkthatthewaterboxsupplieswatertotheconsumerbygravityautomationwhenpressureorthewateryieldisinsufficient.Themainforcewhoisthatregulardirectnesssupplieswateronphysicsstructurestrtchesthetopcut-overwaterbox,setsupandoneexhalentsiphonfromthewaterbox.Oweaschemethevolumehavingdiminishedawaterbox,andmakewaternotneedtoenterawaterboxstayingthisonestep,hygienereliabilityincreaseby.Theproblemisthatthemunicipaladministrationnowpipenetworkcanaccomplishbutiflongtimestabilivoltsupplieswater,thewatersojourntimeinwaterboxisonthecontrarygreatlyincreasebyeasiertobecontaminated.And,thewaterboxallmustreadjustoneselftoacertainextentinthebuildinginallusagewaterboxessystemmosthigherplace,attractivelooksabletoaffectabuildinginsomeoccasion,thephysicaldesignbuildingeven.4.Pressurejarssupplywatersinceinsecurewaterboxfactor.reasonwhyusethejarsealingoffreliablepressuretoreplace,andthepressurejardoesnotneed,highpositionlaydown,attractivelooksandstructurenotaffectingabuildingbearing,godownwellverymuchoverthepastfewyears.Pressurejarsystemrequiresthatthewaterpumpandautocontrolsystemhavetofitbut,feasiblecostincreasesbytosomeextent.However,inthelateyearswhosemarketpricealreadyletsmanyconsumersbeabletochoose.Systematicpressurejarprincipleistomakeuseofawaterpumpwatercompressiontobesenttoreceivethepipenetworkbuildingtheinside,thinksthatwaterentersthepressurejar,reachescertainpressuretime,waterpumpmotorstoppageorreducesthespeedwhenpressureistoobig,whilepressureissmallerthanregulationvalue,thepressurejarconveyswatertotheoutsideandstartsthewaterpumporaccelerationatthesametime.5.Twotimeofcompressiontypescanmakedofortosmall-scaleconsumer,ifthebuilding,thepressurejarareonlysystematic.Thedirectionthatthedwellinghousespendsatpresenttohousingestatedevelopsbut,showsfortheclusterarrangementthatmultilayerbuilds,concentratesstabilivoltmainly.Theabilitycannotsatisfyarequestwithpressurejarvolume,thewaterpumpconcentratescompressionthereforehavingappearedgivefirstplaceto,pressurejarstabilivoltissubsidiaryway.Economycostrisesonly,alsoneedsthespecially-assignedpersonupkeep.Besides,pipenetworksystembelongstolowpressuresincetierofnumbersarenotmany,pipeline,thedirectcut-overwithoutexceptionwithlayersconsumerisbeOK,comparativelysimple.ThesteeltubepreparespipelinematerialwithlowpressurePPRsilentstocktubegivefirstplaceto.Inaddition,thepipenetworksystemlayersnotmorethanalow-pressurepipearehierarchicaldirectaccessuserscanrelativelysimple.Pipematerialsmainlytothelow-pressuresteelpipeandlowpressurePPRplasticpipe.MULTI-STOREYHIGH-RISEBUILDINGWATERSUPPLYSYSTEMSANALYSISAspreviouslycomplaint,10layersofcivilatleast30meters,evenwith24metersofpublicbuildings,municipalpipenetworkpressureiscertainlysecondarypressureinordertomeettherequirements,thereisnodirectwatersupplymaybe.However,accordingtotheheightofthebuilding,theabilityofthepressureofthepipeline,thepressurerequirementsforwaterapparatus,canbedividedintothefollowingways.1.partitiondecompressionsystemSuchasystemcouldbesaidtobethemostpopular,becausethevalveofthepricehasdroppedtoabout3000yuan/piece,comparedtothevolume,andsystemofpipesandinstallationworks,difficulty,etc.havetomaintainasignificantdeclineofitseconomicefficiencyisimproved.Ofthecompositionofthesystemare:thelifeofreservoirs,pumps,mainchannel,direct-hometube,hometubepressurereducingvalve,thevalve.Thecurrenthigh-levelorseniorwithalotofinthisway.Principleofthesystem:thegeneralone-timefocusonpressurepumpingstationsbybuildingbasement,high-pressurewatertotheupperpartoftheusersentalongthetrunkpipelineconstruction,andmeettherequirements;fortheusersofthebuildingthelowerwaterpressureistoohigh,youneedtofocusondecompression(lesspressurevalvegroup),andthensenttotheuser.Thedrawbackisthattheheadlossofthedecompressionzone,alargerpumppower.2.umpsinparallelpressurizedsystemThesystemisalsobuildingwatersupplysystempartition,butthedifferenceisthateachpartitionsetupawaterpumpwatersupply(onespare).Itsshortcomings,suchasequipmentcostssurgeinanareaoflarge,multi-trunkpipelinesystemcomplexity.Butalsoveryuniqueadvantages:highreliabilityofwatersupply,highutilizationofpumppowerandenergywastedoesnotoccur.3.PumpseriespressuresystemWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyofhigh-risebuildings,constructionofmorethan100misnotsurprising,eventothreeorfourhundredmetershigh.Thisleavesuswithseveralproblems:awaterpumppressureisnotenough,orevenifthepressuretomeetthetrafficabigdifference;meettwoeveniftheflowpressure,thepipescannotwithstandsuchahighpressure,theoccurrenceofburstpipes.Somustbeusedthisbaton-styleway.Systemstructure:eachpartitionsetpumpspeedpumpsuctiontankorsuctionpool,andthenstarttoorder.Advantages:watersupplyisreliable,andlessenergyconsumption.Thedisadvantagesare:equipmentdispersed,pumpsandotherequipment,requirespecialequipmentlayer.AnalysisSummaryComparingtheaboveinseveralways,wecanseethewatersupplyofmulti-storeybuildingsandhigh-risebuildingsaretwodifferentsystems,althoughtheaimisthesame.Inthemulti-layerfeedwater,themunicipalpipenetworkpressuretomeettherequirements,thepursuitofstability,whilethetopisdifferent,high-levelwatersupplywatertotheusersofwaterat,followedbystability.Therefore,thechoiceofequipmentandmaterialsareverydifferent.TheMultilayergeneralsmalllowliftpumps,pipesforlowpressurepipe.Thesenioristheopposite.Separateintermsofthemulti-layersysteminseveralways:directwatersupplyisstillwidelyusedinsmallerruraltownspipenetworksystem,savetheeconomy.Secondarypressuresystemiswidelyusedinthenewlybuiltresidentialhouses.Moreinthewayofpartitiondecompressionapplicationinhigh-risebuildingwatersupplysystems,watersupplysystemforultra-high-risebuildingsofmorethan150meters,waterpumpsinseriesisrelativelyappropriate.Atpresent,theconstructionindustryisinaperiodofrapiddevelopment,sothenumberofhigh-levelandmulti-layeredconstructionalsoincreasedsignificantly.Thehigh-risecommercialoffice-based,multi-layerformofcellclusters.Drinkingwatersystemsandtheemergenceofnewrequirementsforthedevelopmentofwatersupplysystem,especiallyinthepipenetworksystem.Multi-layerselectthesecondarypressuresystemasmuchaspossibleinnormalcircumstances,high-levelpartitiondecompressionwatersupplysystem,superhigh-riseshouldbepumpserieswatersupply-Energysavingisverysubstantial.中文翻譯多層與高層建筑給水系統(tǒng)分析在消防給排水設(shè)計(jì)中，高層建筑一般指十層及十層以上的居住建筑（包括首層設(shè)置商業(yè)服務(wù)網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的住宅）或建筑高度超過24m的公共建筑。多層建筑是相對(duì)高層建筑而言，但是實(shí)際上一般的建筑給水設(shè)計(jì)中多層建筑由于種種原因的限制，譬如電梯設(shè)置，大多數(shù)為6層以下，故本文討論的多層指6層以下或低于20米的建筑。隨著市政給水管網(wǎng)的完善和新型設(shè)備材料的不斷出現(xiàn)，給水系統(tǒng)的布置方式也快速發(fā)展，并衍生出多種不同類型，可供設(shè)計(jì)師選擇用。但是，由于多層與高層的不同特性，尤其是消防方面，給水系統(tǒng)的正確選用也是十分重要的，否則輕則水壓水量不穩(wěn)，重則事故頻頻，不能正常運(yùn)行。以下就分別介紹一下多層建筑和高層建筑的常見的給水系統(tǒng)方式。多層給水系統(tǒng)目前，國內(nèi)城市的市政管網(wǎng)壓力可以維持在2公斤以上，個(gè)別小城鎮(zhèn)的出水壓力甚至可以達(dá)到4公斤。因此，對(duì)于一般的多層建筑市政管網(wǎng)的壓力已經(jīng)足夠了，但是由于市政管網(wǎng)的供水水量，水壓波動(dòng)較大，尤其是小城鎮(zhèn)。為了克服這些缺點(diǎn)，多層給水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)主要有以下幾種類型。1.直接供水型就是直接利用市政管網(wǎng)的壓力，直接供水，一般用于市政管網(wǎng)壓力稍高的地區(qū)或水廠附近壓力較高的范圍內(nèi)。缺點(diǎn)就是水量，水壓不能保證。但是，對(duì)于規(guī)模較小的管網(wǎng)這種供水方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性能很好，不需要任何其他設(shè)備或措施。2.水箱供水型將市政管網(wǎng)的水引至屋頂水箱與用水器具的高度，重力供水，克服了水壓水量的不穩(wěn)定性。但是，由于誰想可能存在二次污染，而且，水箱體積較大，因此這種方式不提倡。3.水箱、管網(wǎng)聯(lián)合型平時(shí)水量水壓足夠時(shí)，直接由市政網(wǎng)供水，超壓時(shí)，多余水進(jìn)入屋頂水箱，當(dāng)壓力或水量不足時(shí)，水箱靠重力自動(dòng)向用戶供水。物理結(jié)構(gòu)上就是正常的直接供水的主干管伸頂接入水箱，并由水箱設(shè)一出水管。該方案減小了水箱的體積，并使水不需要都進(jìn)入水箱停留這一步驟，衛(wèi)生可靠性增加。但是問題就是如果長時(shí)間的穩(wěn)壓供水（現(xiàn)在的市政管網(wǎng)可以辦到的），水箱中的水的停留時(shí)間反而大大增加，更容易受污染。而且，所有使用水箱的系統(tǒng)中水箱都必須放在建筑的最高處，在某些場合會(huì)影響建筑的美觀，甚至建筑的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。4.氣壓罐供水由于水箱的不安全因素，所以用密封可靠地氣壓罐代替，而且氣壓罐不需要高位擺放，不影響建筑的美觀與結(jié)構(gòu)承重，近幾年很受歡迎。但是氣壓罐系統(tǒng)需要水泵和自動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)的配合，似的成本有所增加。不過，今年其市場價(jià)格已經(jīng)讓很多用戶能夠選擇，達(dá)到了一定的壓力時(shí)，水泵停車或減速；當(dāng)壓力小于規(guī)定值時(shí)，氣壓罐向外輸水并同時(shí)啟動(dòng)水泵或加速（變頻水泵）。5.二次加壓型對(duì)于小規(guī)模的用戶，如單棟建筑，氣壓罐系統(tǒng)可以應(yīng)付。但是，目前住宅向小區(qū)化的方向發(fā)展，主要表現(xiàn)為多層建筑的集群布置，集中穩(wěn)壓。以氣壓罐的容積能力不能滿足要求，所以出現(xiàn)了水泵集中加壓為主，氣壓罐穩(wěn)壓（消除系統(tǒng)水錘）為輔