商志六級選詞填空

35.5分；SectionB71分；SectionC142分。Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowing6級練習(xí)題1（2016年12月多題多卷之一Smallcommunities,withtheirdistinctivecharacter—wherelifeisstableandintenselyhuman—aredisappearing.Somehave26fromthefaceoftheearth,othersaredyingslowly,butallhave27changesastheyhavecomeintocontactwithan28machinecivilization.Themergingofdiversepeoplesintoacommonmasshasproducedtensionamongmembersoftheminoritiesandthemajorityalike.TheOldOrderAmish,whoarrivedonAmericanshoresincolonialtimes,have29inthemodernworldindistinctive,smallcommunities.Theyhaveresistedthehomogenization30moresuccessfullythanothers.Inntingandharvesttimesonecanseetheirbeardedmenworkingthefieldswithhorsesandtheirwomenhangingoutthelaundryinneatrowstodry.ManyAmericanpeoplehaveseenAmishfamilieswiththemenwearingbroad-brimmedblackhatsandthewomeninlongdresses.Inrailwayorbus31.AlthoughtheAmishhavelivedwith32Americaforovertwoandahalfcenturies.Theyhavemoderateditsinfluenceontheir theirfamilies,communities,andtheirvalues.TheAmishareoften33byotherAmericanstoberelicsofthepastwholiveasimple,inflexiblelifededicatedtoinconvenientout-datedcustoms.Theyareseenasabandoningbothmodem34andtheAmericandreamofsuccessandprogress,ButmostpeoplehavenoquarrelwiththeAmishforngthingstheold-fashionedway.Theirconscientiousobjectionwastoleratedinwartime.Forafterall.Theyaregoodfarmerswho35thevirtuesofworkandthrift. Good,soundsciencedependson26,experimentsandreasonedmethodologies.Itrequiresawillingnesstoasknewquestionsandtrynewapproaches.Itrequiresonetotakerisksandexperiencefailures.Butgoodsciencealsorequires27understanding,clearexnationandconciseOurcountryneedsmorescientistswhoarewillingtostepoutinthepublic28andoffertheiropinionsonimportantmatters.Weneedmorescientistswhocanexinwhattheyarenginlanguagethatis29andunderstandabletothepublic.Thoseofuswhoarenotscientistsshouldalsobepreparedtosupportpublicengagementbyscientists,andto30scientificknowledgeintoourpubliccommunications.Toomanypeopleinthiscountry,includingsomeamongourelectedleadership,stilldonotunderstandhowscienceworksorwhyrobust,long-rangeinvestmentsinresearchvitallymatterInthe1960s,theUnitedStates31nearly17ofdiscretionary(可酌情支配的spendingtoresearchanddevelopment,32decadesofeconomicgrowth.By2008,thefigurehadfallenintothesingle33.ThisoccursatatimewhenothernationshavemadesignificantgainsintheirownresearchAttheUniversityofCalifornia(UC),we34ourselvesnotonlyonthequalityofourresearch,butalsoonitscontributiontoimprovingourworld.To35thedevelopmentofsciencefromthelabbenchtothemarketce,UCisinvestingourownmoneyinourowngoodideas.ThetreepeopleintheLordoftheRing—theEnts—cangetaroundbywalking.Butforrealtrees,well,it’shardertouproot.“Becausethey’relillyrootedintotheground,theyareunabletoleaveandgo26.Whenatreefirststartsgrowinginacertainarea,it’slikelythatthe27envelope—thetemperature,humidity,rainfallpatternsandsoon—suitsit.Otherwise,itwouldbeunabletogrowfromaseedling.Butasit28,theseconditionsmaychangeandtheareaarounditmaynolongerbesuitableforits29.Whenthathappens,manytreeslikeWalnuts,oaksandpinesrely30onso-called“scatter-hoarders,”suchasbirds,tomovetheirseedstonewlocalities.Manybirdsliketostorefoodforthewinter,whichthey31retrieve.Whenthebirdsforgettoretrievetheirfood—andtheydosometimes—aseedlinghasachancetogrow.ThebirdClark’snutcracker,forexample,hidesupto100,000seedsperyear,upto30kilometersawayfromtheseedsource,andhaveaveryclosesymbiotic(共生的)relationshipwithseveralpinespecies,most32thewhitebarkpine.Astreesoutgrowtheirideal33inthefaceofclimatechange,theseflyingecosystemengineerscouldbeabighelpin34trees.It’sasolutionforus—gettingbirdstodotheworkischeapandeffective—anditcouldgive35oaksandpinestheoptiontotruly“makelikeatreeandleave.”Pursuingacareerisanessentialpartofadolescentdevelopment.“Theadolescent esanadultwhenhe26arealjob.”TocognitiveresearcherslikePiaget,adulthoodmeantthebeginningofan27.Piagetarguedthatonceadolescentsentertheworldofwork,theirnewlyacquiredabilitytoformhypothesesallowsthemtocreaterepresentationsthataretooideal.The28ofsuchideals,withoutthetemperingoftherealityofajoborprofession,rapidlyleadsadolescentsto e29ofthenon-idealisticworldandtopressforreforminacharacteristicallyadolescentway.Piagetsaid:“Trueadaptationtosocietycomes30whentheadolescentreformerattemptstoputhisideastowork.”O(jiān)fcourse,youthfulidealismisoftencourageous,andnoonelikestogiveupdreams.Perhaps, outofcontext,Piaget’sstatementseemsharsh.Whathewas32,however,isthewayrealitycanmodifyidealisticviews.Somepeoplerefertosuchmodificationasmaturity.Piagetarguedthatattainingandacceptingavocationisoneofthebest3waystomodifyidealizedviewsandtoAscareersandvocations elessavailableduringtimesof33,adolescentsmaybeespeciallyhardhit.Suchdifficulteconomictimesmayleavemanyadolescents34abouttheirrolesinsociety.Forthisreason,communityinterventionsandernmentjobprogramsthatoffersummerandvacationworkarenotonlyassmartandcapableaswearebutwithoutamoralcompass.Asrobotstakeonevermorecomplexroles,thequestionnaturally26:Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?Manufacturers?Users?Softwarewriters?Theanswerdependsontherobot.Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfareandstandardofliving.The27ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandservice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.Butthereare30tobeproblems.Robotcarswillcrash.Adrone(飛行器)operatorwill31someone’sprivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighborscat.Juriessympatheticto ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurs-crushing33anddamages.Whatshouldernmentsdotoprotectpeople34spacefor Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmuchpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt,35andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.ernmentsshouldsetsafety 4Let’ssayyouloveroller-skating.Justthethoughtof26onyourroller-skatesbringsastoyourface.Youalsoknowthatroller-skatingisexcellentexercise.YouhaveaattitudetowardThisdescriptionofroller-skating28thethreecomponentsofanattitude:affect,cognition,andbehavior.Youlovetheactivity;it’sgreatfun.Thesefeelings29theaffectiveoremotionalcomponent;theyareanimportantingredientinattitudes.Theknowledgewehaveabouttheobjectconstitutesthecognitivecomponentofanattitude.Youunderstandthe30thattheactivitycanbring.Finally,attitudeshaveabehavioralcomponent.Ourattitudesustogooutsidetoenjoyroller-Now,wedon’twanttoleaveyouwiththe32thatthesethreecomponentsalwaysworktogether33.Theydon’t;sometimestheyclash.Forexample,let’ssayyoulovepizza(affectivecomponent);however,youhavehighcholesterolandunderstand(knowledgecomponent)thateatingpizzamaybebadforyourhealth.Whichbehaviorwillyourattituderesultin,eatingpizzaor34it?Theanswerdependsonwhichcomponenthappenstobestronger.Ifyouarewalkingpastapizzarestaurantatlunchtime,youremotionsandfeelingsprobablywillbestrongerthanyourknowledgethatpizzamaynotbethebestfoodforyourhealth.Inthatinstance,youhavepizzaforlunch.Ifyouareathometryingtodecidewheretogofordinner,however,theknowledgecomponentmay35andyoudecidetogowhereyoucaneatahealthiermeal. AccordingtoareportfromtheHarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,manyeverydayproducts,includingsomebugspraysandcleaningfluids,couldleadtoanincreasedriskofbrainandbehavioraldisordersinchildren.Thedevelobrain,thereportsays,isparticularly36tothetoxiceffectsofcertainchemicalstheseproductsmaycontain,andthedamagetheycausecanbe37Theofficial,however,isstillevolving.Healthandenvironmental38havelongU.S.ernmentagenciesto39theuseofsomeofthe11chemicalsthereportcitesandcalledformorestudiesontheirlong-termeffects.In2001,forexample,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency40thetypeandamountofleadthatcouldbepresentinpaintandsoilin5homesandchild-care41,afterconcernswereraisedaboutleadpoisoning.Theagencyis42thetoxiceffectsofsomeofthechemicalsinthelatestButthethresholdforregulationishigh.Becausechildren’sbrainandbehavioraldisorders,likehyperactivityandlowergrades,canalsobelinkedtosocialandgeneticfactors,it’stoughtopinthemonexposuretospecificchemicalswithsolid43evidence,whichiswhattheEPArequires.EventheHarvardstudydidnotproveadirect44butnotedstrongassociationsbetweenexposureandriskofbehavioralissues. Nonetheless,it’ssmartto45caution.Whileitmay 6級練習(xí)題8（2015年12月多題多卷之一Itseemstobealawinthetechnologyindustrythatleadingcompanieseventuallylosetheirpositions,oftenquicklyandbrutally.phonechampionNokia,oneofEurope’sbiggesttechnologysuccessstories,wasno36,losingitsmarketshareinjustafewyears.In2007,Nokiaaccountedformorethan40%ofphonesales37.Butconsumers’preferenceswerealready38towardtouch-screensmartphones.WiththeintroductionofApple’sinthemiddleofthatyear,Nokia’smarketshare39rapidlyandrevenueplunged.Bytheendof2013,Nokiahadsolditsphonebusinessto.WhatsealedNokia’sfatewasaseriesofdecisionsmadebyStephenElopinhispositionasCEO,whichhe40inOctober2010.EachdaythatElopspentinchargeofNokia,the marketvaluedeclinedby$23million,makinghim,bythenumbers,oneoftheworstCEOsinButElopwasnottheonly at41.Nokia’sboardresistedchange,makingitimpossibleforthe toadapttorapidshiftsintheindustry.Most42,JormaOllila,whohadledNokia’stransitionfromanindustrial toatechnologygiant,wastoofascinatedbythe 43successtorecognizethechangethatwasneededtosustainitscompetitiveness. alsoembarkedona44cost-cuttingprogram,whichincludedtheeliminationofthousandsofjobs.Thiscontributedtothe45ofthe ’sonce-spiritedculture,whichhadmotivatedemployeestotakerisksandmakemiracles.Goodleadersleftthe ,takingNokia’ssenseofvisionanddirectionwiththem.Notsurprisingly,muchofNokia’smo