2020版高考英語大一輪復習1Unit1Greatscientists知能演練輕松闖關(含解析)新人教版

Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ閱讀理解A(2019·煙臺診療)Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheircommunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents’health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies，”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents’ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20-yearperiodwasone-thirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren，comparedwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn’trelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenon-helperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive，”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtake__into__accounttheirparents’needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，”hesuggested.“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,what‘properamountsofhelp’means，”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(強度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”【解題導語】德國柏林一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，祖父親母親適合地幫忙照料孫輩比不照料孫輩的老年人壽命長。1．Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?A．Humanevolutionaryhistory.B．Demandofmodernsociety.C．Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.D．Dataonmanyelderlypeople.D分析：推理判斷題。依據文章第三段第一句可知，上的老人的數據剖析得來的。應選D項。2．InArpino’sopinion,childcare________．

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)是從對

500多個

70歲以A．issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnessesB．allowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullifeC．createsmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeopleD．makessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople分析：推理判斷題。依據題干中的“Arpino’sopinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeeluseful

forothersandsociety.

”可知，看護兒童讓看護人感覺生活有了目的，因為他們感覺自己對別人和社會是實用的，也就是說，看護兒童能夠使他們感覺生活得存心義。應選3．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph

B項。6probablymean?A．Limit.C．Favor.D分析：詞義猜想題。依據第六段中的“awayfromotherbeneficialactivitieswillingness,anddesiresandagreewith

B．Ignore.D．Consider.toomanycaringresponsibilities”及下文的“...theirparentsthemonthetimingandamountof

cantake’needs,childcare”可知，過多的照看責任會使老人沒法從事其余存心義的活動，所以孩子應試慮老人的需求、意向和渴求，贊同他們照料孩子的時間長度和強度的選擇。由此可猜想，takeintoaccount意為“考慮”，與consider意義鄰近。應選D項。4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?A．Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.B．Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.C．Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.D．Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.C分析：細節(jié)理解題。依據最后一段中的“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity(強度)ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知，只需你幫忙的強度不會讓你感覺有壓力，這對別人、對你自己都是有利處的。由此可知，適合地照料兒童對祖父親母親有利處。應選C項。B(2019·石家莊高三模擬)TooGoodToGoisasmartphoneappwhichallowsrestaurantstosellfoodthatwouldotherwisebethrownawayatdiscountpricesfromaslittleas￡2toamaximumof￡3.80,evenifthemealsaresoldfromtheveryfinestrestaurantsinthecountry.OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeedsinJune,theservicehasrecentlybeenintroducedintotheUnitedKingdombyacoupleofyoungentrepreneurs(公司家)．Millionsoftonsoffoodsarethrowninthetrasheveryyear,withrestaurantsaccountingforalargepart,soeco-entrepreneursChrisWilsonandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostopfoodwaste.UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.TooGoodToGoisveryconvenientforusers.RestaurantsmakefoodavailableontheTooGoodToGoappandwebsite.Peoplecanlookthroughtheavailabledishesonthesmartphones,payforthemusingacreditcardandpickthemupatasettime,anhourbeforeclosingtime.AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale,itscreatorssaytheendgoalistouseitforrestaurantstosolvetheirwastemanagementproblem,ratherthanmakingaprofit.Wilsonclaims,“Theideaisthatrestaurantsstopproducingtheextrafoodsotheydon’tneedtothrowitawayinthetrash,andwereallywanttoputourselvesoutofbusinessbystoppingfoodwaste.”BirminghamhasbecomethelatestcitywhererestaurantscanreducefoodwastetothelowestlimitbyworkingwiththeTooGoodToGosocialenterpriseapp.【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了TooGoodToGo這款手機軟件，它可以幫助飯館以較低的價錢辦理要拋棄的食品，這樣既防止了浪費，又給那些需要的人供給了爽口的食品。5．WherewasTooGoodToGooriginallylaunched?A．InDenmark.B．InBrighton.C．InBirmingham.D．IntheU．S.B分析：細節(jié)理解題。依據第一段中的“OriginallycreatedinDenmarkandlaunchedinBrightonandLeeds”可知，這款軟件最先是在Denmark創(chuàng)建出來，在Brighton和Leeds倡始的，應選B項。6．What’stheappintendedtodo?A．Makeaprofitbysellingfoodonthewebsite.B．Allowrestaurantstosellfoodatlowprices.C．Helprestaurantstodealwithleftoverfood.D．Callonrestaurantstosavefoodandmoney.C分析：推理判斷題。依據文章第二段中的“...soandJamieCrummiecameupwiththegoodideatostop

eco-entrepreneurfoodwaste...but

sChrisWilsongivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.

”可知，這款軟件的目的是阻擋食品浪費，不單幫助飯館節(jié)儉花費，并且給那些需要的人供給一個廉價品味佳肴的時機，應選C項。7．Howdidthecreatorsoftheappmakeprofits?A．Bysellingcopiesoftheapp.B．Bytakingafeefrombuyers.C．Bychargingrestaurantsforeachsale.D．Bygettingdonationsfromentrepreneurs.C分析：細節(jié)理解題。依據文章第四段中的“AlthoughTooGoodToGodoestakeafeefromrestaurantsforeachsale”可知，該軟件的創(chuàng)建者是經過向飯館的每一單買賣收費來賺錢的，所以選C項。8．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Peoplecanpaylessmoneyforarichmeal.B．Theappismainlydesignedtohelpthepoor.C．Dishescanbesoldtomakealotofprofits.D．Peoplecangettheirorderedfoodathome.A分析：推理判斷題。依據第一段中的“TooGoodToGhecountry.”和第二段中的“UsingTooGoodToGonotonlyhelpsrestaurantssaveexpense,butgivespeopleinneedthechancetoorderfancydishesatlowprices.”能夠推知，因為TooGoodToGo軟件的出現(xiàn)，人們能夠花比較少的錢吃一頓豐盛的飯，應選A項。Ⅱ完形填空(2019·山西八校第一次聯(lián)考

)Oneday,

while

wewerevisiting

myparents

onafarminlatesummer,Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard.Momagreedthatthetreeswere__1__．Likemanyotherparents,minewerehardto__2__for,soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomethingthey’d__3__．Ialsothoughttwowouldbeevenbetter.Icheckedthe__4__atworkanddecideditwasabitmorethanIcould__5__—butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees.InnorthernOhio，youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas,sowedecidedto__6__MomandDadwithaspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground__7__．Weaskedmyauntifshe’dhelpuswiththe“__8__”，andshecalledmyparents__9__tosayshewascomingforaSundayvisit.Thenmysistersandsisters-in-lawwentinto__10__，planningabigholidayturkeydinner.Onthe__11__Sunday,weallmetatmyhouseand__12__thetreesintoatruck.I__13__asSantaClaus.Whenwearrivedatmyparents’house，Dadwas__14__somethingwaswrongfirst.HeandMomwereamazedwhenwetoldthem__15__wewerethere.WhenChristmas__16__，ofcourse,wecouldn’tgotoourparents’houseempty-handed,soMomandDadgot__17__presentsthatyear.Almosthalfacenturylater,I__18__drivebytheoldfarmandsmilewhenIseethosebig,handsome__19__andremembergivingaspecial__20__tospecialpeopleatChristmasinOctober.【解題導語】

本文是一篇記述文。作者敘述了自己和親人們一同用特其余方式給其父母帶來欣喜的經歷。1．A.distinctive

B．fragrantC．expensive

D．prettyD分析：上文說起父親想要在庭院栽種一棵楓樹，下文說起“故此處應是母親也欣然贊同，以為楓樹很美麗(pretty)。distinctivefragrant“芬芳的”；expensive“貴的”。

thosebig,handsome”，“獨出心裁的”；2．A.shop

B．representC．answer

D．careA分析：依據上文的“

Likemanyotherparents

，

minewerehardto

”，下文的“soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomething

”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姐妹幾人為父親母親買禮品的內容可知，此處指作者感覺給父親母親買東西是很難的，應選shop“購物”。3．A.deserveB．appreciateC．advertiseD．imagine分析：依據上文的“Dadmentionedhe’dalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard...”及下文介紹的為父親母親買禮品的內容可知，此處指作者以為這是一個給父母買他們賞識的東西的好時機。deserve“值得，應得”；appreciate“感謝，賞識”；advertise“為做廣告”；imagine“想象”。4．A.result

B．numberC．priceD．expressC分析：依據下文的“butallofmysiblings(兄弟姐妹)agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees”可知，作者在上班時查察了一下楓樹的價錢(price)，以為它的價錢比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點。5．A.affordB．expectC．fancy

D．handle分析：拜見上題分析。6．A.frighten

B．assistC．surprise

D．reward分析：從下文作者結合其姑姑來幫忙實行這個計劃以及計劃詳細實行的內容可知，作者他們想給父親母親一個欣喜(surprise)。7．A.warmedB．frozeC．softenedD．darkenedB分析：依據上下文語境及句中的“InnorthernOhio,youdon’tplantmapletreesatChristmas”及“aspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍以前讓父親母親度過一個特其余圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結冰”切合語境。8．A.trickB．purchaseC．choiceD．decorationA分析：依據上下文語境可知，作者咨詢姑姑能否能夠幫忙實行這個“騙局(trick)”。9．A.inadvanceB．intimeC．byaccidentD．onpurposeA分析：依據上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提早(inadvance)給作者的父親母親打電話說她會在周日來拜見。intime“實時”；byaccident“不測處”；onpurpose“成心地”。10．A.serviceB．actionC．effectD．productionB分析：依據下文的“planningabigholidayturkeydinner”可知，隨后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動起來。gointoaction“行動起來”切合語境。gointoservice“投入使用”；gointoeffect“奏效”；gointoproduction“投入生產”。11．A.regularB．separateC．givenD．chosenD分析：依據語境可知，作者和親人們在選定的(chosen)那個周日聚到自己家里。12．A.sortedB．loadedC．transportedD．transplantedB分析：依據下文的“thetreesintoatruck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。sort“整理”；transport“運輸，運送”；transplant“移植”。13．A.dressedupB．passedoffC．lookedonD．startedout分析：依據下文的“asSantaClaus”可知，作者把自己裝束(dre