小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)題

小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)題小學(xué)英語語法總結(jié)及練習(xí)一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2．以s.x.sh.ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3．以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries4．以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v,再加-es，如：knife-knives，leaf——leaves5．不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,child-children，foot-feet,tooth-teethfish-fish,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I_________him_________this___________her______watch_______child_______photo________diary______day________foot________book_______dress________tooth_______sheep______box_______strawberry_____peach______sandwich______dish_______bus_______man______woman_______二、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)基本用法介紹：【No.1】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Theskyisblue.天空是藍(lán)色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。如：Igetupatsixeveryday.我天天六點(diǎn)起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1.be動(dòng)詞：主語＋be(am,is,are)＋其它。如：Iamaboy.我是一個(gè)男孩。2.行為動(dòng)詞：主語＋行為動(dòng)詞(其它)。如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MarylikesChinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。【No.2】一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1.be動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語＋benot＋其它。如：Heisnotaworker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be＋主語＋其它。如：-Areyouastudent?-Yes.Iam./No,I'mnot.非凡疑問句：疑問詞＋一般疑問句。如：Whereismybike?2.行為動(dòng)詞的變化。否定句：主語＋don't(doesn't)＋動(dòng)詞原形(其它)。如：Idon'tlikebread.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay.一般疑問句：Do(Does)＋主語＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball?-Yes,Ido./No,Idon't.當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：-Doesshegotoworkbybike?-Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn't.動(dòng)詞s的變化規(guī)則：1．一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2．以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3．以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es，如：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專練：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)drink________go_______stay________make________look_________have_______pass_______carry________come________watch______plant_______fly_________study_______brush________do_________teach_______wash_______二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Heoften________(have)dinnerathome.2.DanielandTommy_______(be)inClassOne.3.We_______(notwatch)TVonMonday.4.Nick_______(notgo)tothezooonSunday.5.______they________(like)theWorldCup?6.What_______theyoften_______(do)onSaturdays?7._______yourparents_______(read)newspaperseveryday?8.Thegirl_______(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.SheandI________(take)awalktogethereveryevening.10.There________(be)somewaterinthebottle.11.Mike_______(like)cooking.12.They_______(have)thesamehobby.13.Myaunt_______(look)afterherbabycarefully.14.Youalways_______(do)yourhomeworkwell.15.I_______(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed.16.She_______(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday.17.LiuTao_______(do)notlikePE.18.Thechildoften_______(watch)TVintheevening.19.SuHaiandSuYang_______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.20.－Whatday_______(be)ittoday?－It’sSaturday三、現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)1．現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在實(shí)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在實(shí)行的動(dòng)作。2．現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be＋動(dòng)詞ing.3．現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)的否定句在be后加not。4．現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)的一般疑問句把be動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。5．現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞+be+主語+動(dòng)詞ing?但疑問詞當(dāng)主語時(shí)其結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞+be+動(dòng)詞ing?動(dòng)詞加ing的變化規(guī)則1．一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking2．以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making,taste-tasting3．假如末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running,stop-stopping現(xiàn)在實(shí)行時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play________run__________swim_________make__________go_________like________write_________ski___________read________have_________sing________dance_________put_________see________buy_________love____________live_______take_________come________get_________stop_________sit________begin________shop___________二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的準(zhǔn)確形式填空：1.Theboy__________________(draw)apicturenow.2.Listen.Somegirls_______________(sing)intheclassroom.3.Mymother_________________(cook)somenicefoodnow.4.What_____you______(do)now?5.Look.They_______________(have)anEnglishlesson.6.They____________(not,water)theflowersnow.7.Look!thegirls________________(dance)intheclassroom.8.Whatisourgranddaughterdoing?She_________(listen)tomusic.9.It’s5o’clocknow.We_____________(have)suppernow10.______Helen____________(wash)clothes?Yes,sheis.四、將來時(shí)理論及練習(xí)1、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存有的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或預(yù)備做某事。句中一般有以下時(shí)間狀語：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,thedayaftertomorrow（后天）等。2、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：①begoingtodo；②willdo.3、否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am,is,are）后加not或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not成won’t。例如：I’mgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.→I’mnotgoingtohaveapicnicthisafternoon.4、同義句：begoingto=willIamgoingtogoswimmingtomorrow（明天）.=Iwillgoswimmingtomorrow.練習(xí)填空：1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.我們將要學(xué)習(xí)英語We_____________________learnEnglish.We________learnEnglish.五、一般過去時(shí)1．一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存有的狀態(tài)，常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連般過去時(shí)也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。2．Be動(dòng)詞在一般過去時(shí)中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（wasnot=wasn’t）⑵are在一般過去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（werenot=weren’t）3．句中沒有be動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)的句子否定句：didn’t動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jimdidn’tgohomeyesterday.動(dòng)詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1．一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：work-worked,cook-cooked2．結(jié)尾是e加d，如：live－lived3．末尾只有一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加如：stop-stopped4．以“輔音字母y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i，再加-ed，如：study-studied5．不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式：am,is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-took,run-ran,sing-sang,put-put,read-read,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,swim-swam,sit-sat過去時(shí)練習(xí)寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去式is\am_________plant________are________do________drink_________play_______go________make________does_________dance________worry________ask_____taste_________eat__________put______pass_______kick_________Be動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（1）1.I_______atschooljustnow.2.He________atthecamplastweek.3.We________studentstwoyearsago.4.They________onthefarmamomentago.5.YangLing________elevenyearsoldlastyear.6.There________anappleontheplateyesterday.7.There________somemilkinthefridgeonSunday.8.Themobilephone_______onthesofayesterdayevening.9.I______anEnglishteachernow.10.She_______happyyesterday.11.They_______gladtoseeeachotherlastmonth.行為動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)練習(xí)（2）1.I______(watch)acartoononSaturday.2.Herfather_______(read)anewspaperlastnight.3.We_________tozooyesterday,we_____tothepark.(go)4.______you_______(visit)yourrelativeslastSpringFestival?5.______he_______(fly)akiteonSunday?Yes,he______.6.GaoShan_______(pull)upcarrotslastNationalDayholiday.7.I____________(sweep)theflooryesterday,butmymother______.8.What______she_______(find)inthegardenlast