Unit+3+Section+Ⅲ++Discovering+Useful+Structures+課件【知識精講精研+備課精準(zhǔn)突破】 高中英語人教版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊

英語中常用兩種方式引用別人說的話。一種是______引語；另一種是______引語。直接引語是直接引述別人的原話，直接引語一般前后要加引號。間接引語是用自己的話對別人的話進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)述，不用引號。直接間接

直接引語與間接引語的變化1．人稱變化2．時態(tài)變化

(主句為一般過去時)和特殊時態(tài)變化3．指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化4．連接詞和語序變化1．人稱變化直接引語變間接引語時的人稱變化遵循以下原則：一隨主，直接引語中的第一人稱變間接引語后與主句主語的人稱保持一致。Hesays,

“Ilikemathverymuch.”→Hesaysthathelikesmathverymuch.二隨賓，直接引語中的第二人稱變間接引語后與主句賓語的人稱保持一致。HesaidtoLily,

“Youmustgetupearly.”→HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly.三不變，直接引語的第三人稱在變間接引語后人稱不變。Shesaidtome,

“Theywanttohelphim.”→Shetoldmethattheywantedtohelphim.變化口訣：一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。

(1)HesaidtoJack，“Youarethefirsttoreachheretoday.”→HetoldJackthat____wasthefirsttoreachtherethatday.he(2)LindasaidtoTim，“Iwillgotherewithyou.”→LindatoldTimthat_____wouldgotherewith_____．shehim(3)Herhusbandsaidtoher，“Wheredidyouputmycoat？”→Herhusbandaskedherwhere_____hadput_____coat.shehis直接引語與間接引語的變化(4)“Whydoyoucryagain,

Carol？”

askedtheteacher.→TheteacheraskedCarolwhy_____criedagain.(5)HesaidtoTom,

“Shecanhelpthem.”→HetoldTomthat_____couldhelp______．sheshethem注意綠色部分，主句引述動詞為過去式。2．時態(tài)變化(主句為一般過去時)直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時

do一般過去時

did現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時

bedoing過去進(jìn)行時

was\weredoing現(xiàn)在完成時

have\hasdone過去完成時

haddone一般過去時

did過去完成時

haddone過去完成時

haddone過去完成時

haddone一般將來時

willdo過去將來時

woulddoHisfriendsaidtohim,

“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.過去進(jìn)行Theorganizersaid,

“Wehavebegunourplan.”現(xiàn)在完成→Theorganizersaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.過去完成Hesaid,

“Shewillgohome.”一般將來→Hesaidthatshewouldgohome.過去將來特殊時態(tài)變化(1)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言時，時態(tài)不變。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth，”theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.老師告訴我，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)，月球繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。(2)直接引語中有具體的過去時間狀語時，時態(tài)不變。Tomsaid,“IwasbornonApril21,1980.”→TomsaidhewasbornonApril21,1980.湯姆說他生于1980年4月21日。(1)Hesaid,

“Ilikeitverymuch.”→Hesaidthat______________________．(2)Thedesignersaid,

“Wehavebegunourproject.”→Thedesignersaidthat____________________________．(3)Myfathersaid,

“Practicemakesperfect.”→Myfathersaid________________________．(4)Isaid,

“Iwillgivehersomeadvicetomorrow.”→Isaidthat_______________________________________．helikeditverymuchtheyhadbeguntheirprojectpracticemakesperfectIwouldgivehersomeadvicethenextday練一練3．指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語及方向性動詞的變化引語用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞this這個that那個these這些those那些地點狀語here這兒there那兒方向性動詞bring帶來take帶走come來go去引語用詞直接引語間接引語時間狀語now現(xiàn)在then那時today今天thatday那天thismorning今天上午thatmorning那天上午tonight今天晚上thatnight那天晚上tomorrow明天thenext/followingday第二天引語用詞直接引語間接引語時間狀語yesterday昨天thedaybefore前一天lastnight昨天晚上thenightbefore前一天晚上thedaybeforeyesterday前天twodaysbefore兩天前threedaysago三天前threedaysbefore三天前nextweek下一周thenext/followingweek第二周ago(至今)以前before(那時)以前Hesaid,

“Iopenedthewindowthismorning.”→Hesaidthathehadopenedthewindowthatmorning.Themanagersaidtome,

“Youmustgotherenextweek.”→ThemanagertoldmethatIhadtogotherethenextweek.“Areyouleavingtodayortomorrow?”JoanaskedKate.→JoanaskedKateif/whethershewasleavingthatdayorthenextday.“Whenyoucomehere,

willyoupleasebringadictionary?”theeditorsaidtotheworker.→Theeditoraskedwhethertheworkerwouldtakeadictionarywhenhewentthere.(1)“Shewashereoneweekago.”saidJohn.→Johnsaidthat_________________________________．(2)“Heiscomingtonight，”mymothersaidtome.→Mymothertoldmethat_________________________．(3)Theysaid,

“Wearrivedthismorning.”→Theysaidthat_______________________________．shehadbeenthereoneweekbeforehewascomingthatnighttheyhadarrivedthatmorning練一練(4)Hesaid,

“Ibroughtithomewithme.”→Hesaidthat_______________________________．(5)Jimsaid,

“Iwenttohelpmyparentsyesterday.”→Jimsaidthat_____________________________________________．hehadtakenithomewithhimhehadgonetohelphisparentsthedaybefore練一練4．連接詞和語序變化句式連接詞語序陳述句that或省略不變一般疑問句引述動詞后加上if或whether陳述語序特殊疑問句連接詞不變陳述語序祈使句無連接詞不變Hesaidtome,

“Youcanhelpher.”陳述句→Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher.Heaskedher,

“Doyouloveme？”一般疑問句→Heaskedherwhether/ifshelovedhim.Heaskedme,

“Whatcolordoyoulike？”特殊疑問句→Heaskedmewhat

colorIliked.Heshouted,

“Lily,

closethedoor.”祈使句肯定→HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.Hesaidtome,

“Don‘tbelate.”祈使句否定→Heaskedmenottobelate.(1)Marywroteinherletter,

“MrLiu,

whenwillyoucometoAmerica？”→Maryaskedinherletter__________________________________．(2)“Whereareyougoing？”thefatheraskedhisson.→Thefatheraskedhisson____________________．whenMrLiuwouldcometoAmericawherehewasgoing練一練(3)Theteachersaid,

“WereyouatschoolwhenIcalledyou？”→Theteacherasked________________________________________．(4)“Listentotheteachercarefullyinclass！”saidMrWangtohisson.