留幫appgre作文1科學(xué)研究

fundamentalobjectivesandnatureofresearchresearchistheexplorationoftheunknownfortrueanswerstoourquestions,andforlastingsolutionstoourenduringproblems.Researchisalsothechiefmeansbywhichwehumansattempttosatisfyourinsatiableappetiteforknowledge,andourcravingtounderstandourselvesandtheworldaroundexploreunchartedandunpredictableterritoryIndisputably不可否認(rèn)的,themanycomplextechnologicalmarvels科學(xué)thataresignificantofourlivesaretheresultoftheextraordinarycumulativeeffortsofourengineersentrepreneursandothersandsuchachievementsalwayscallforthecouragetoriskfailinginalargeway.Anumberofentrepreneursandengineerstodayaremakingtheefforttocreatefarsimple,yetmoreelegant,andapplications,whichwillsurelymakeourlivesfarmoreconvenientThestatementbringsimmediaytomindtheever-growingandincreasinglycomplexdigitalworld.數(shù)字世界科學(xué)家的研究和科學(xué)的進(jìn)步1.貢獻(xiàn)取決于?Whoistodecidewhichareasofacademicinquiryareworthwhile?Scholarscannotbelefttodecide.norcanregulatorsandlegislators,whowouldbringtobeartheirownquirkynotionsaboutwhatwouldbeworthwhile,andwhosesusceptibilitytoinfluencerendersthemuntrustworthyinanyevent.Byhumannaturewearemotivatedtopursuethoseactivitiesinwhichweexcel.Tocompelscholarstofocusonlyoncertainareaswouldwastetheirtrue/inlectualtalents.Besides,lackinggenuineinterestormotivation,ascholarwouldbeunlikelytocontributemeaningfullytohisorher“assigned”fieldofstudy.Historyisladenwithunusualclaimsbyscholarsandsearchersthatturnedoutstunningly極富的significant–thatthesunliesatthecenterofoutuniverse,thattimeandspacearerelativeconcepts,thatmatterconsistsifdiscreteparticles,thathumansevolvedfromotherlife-forms,tonameafew.可更換例子當(dāng)時可能沒有用,但是長久以后卻有用了凡·vanTheunusualresearchareadoesnotimmediayaddresssociety’spressingsocialproblems.Yetinthelongterm,itmightbenecessaryto…一定程度上浪費了的Shouldnotallowtheirfacultytoindulgetheir alinlectualfantasiesattaxpayerEarneststudyinthehumanitiesaffordsustoknowwhatisbestforsociety,andhelpsThroughoutthehumaninlectualhistory,itisalwaysthedifferentschoolsofthoughtthatboostthehumanscientificandtechnologicalprogress.Nowadays,incrediblechangeinvehiclesfortransportationandroadimprovementhavemadetravelmotonlysaferbutfasterandmorecomfortableaswell.High-speedmagneticlevitationtrains(高速磁懸浮列車)cantransportpeoplesafelyatspeedsofupto300 anhourinpartsofEuropeandJapan.TheConcordejetcantransportpeoplefromNewYorktoLondoninlessthanfourhoursinluxuriouscomfort.TherehaveevenbeenspacetouristswhohavetraveledintoouterspacetotheInternationalSpaceStationandreturnedsafelytoEarth.Notonlyhavethetransportationvehiclesthemselvesbeengreatlyenhanced,butthehighwaysandrailwaysthatvehiclesusehavealsobeentremendouslyimproved.Tobeinanuts,morecesthaneverbeforedarenowaccessiblebyrapidandreliabletransportation.Wehavedevisedmachinesthatperformnumber-crunchingandotherrotecerebraltaskswithgreateraccuracyandspeedthanhumanmindsevercould.Machineshavenocapacityforindependentthought,formakingjudgmentsbasedonnormativeconsiderations,orfordeveloemotionalresponsestoinlectualproblems.Upuntilnow,thenotionofhuman-mademachinesthatdeveloptheabilitytothinkontheirandtodevelopso-called"emotionalinligence,"hasbeenpurefiction.憑空虛Yetitseemspresumptuoustoassertwithconfidencethathumanswillalwaysmaintaintheirsuperiorstatusovertheirmachines.Recentadvancesinbiotechnologyparticularlyintheareaofhumangenomeresearchsuggestthatwithinthe21stCenturywe'llwitnessmachinesthatcanlearntothinkontheirown,torepairandnurturethemselves,toexperiencevisceralsensations本體感覺,andsoforth.Humanshavetheuniquecapacityforindependentthought,subjectivejudgment,andemotional科學(xué)的雙面foreverynewresearchbreakthroughthathelpsreduceshumansufferingisanotherthatservestoaddtothatsufferingForexamplewhilesomemightarguethatphysicsresearcherswhoharnessedthepoweroftheatomhaveprovideduswithanalternativesourceofenergyandinvaluablepeace-keepersthisargumentignoredthefacethathundredsofthousandsofinnocentpeoplemurderedandmaimedbyatomicblasts,andbynuclearmeowns核.對廣島[Hiroshima]轟炸HiroshimawasdestroyedinWorldWarIIbythefirstatomicbombusedininfulfillingthepromiseof"betterlivingthroughchemistry"researchhasgivenuschemicalweaponsforhumanslaughter..Chemicalwarfare&biologicalwarfare&biochemicalwarfare研究與投資moneyspentonresearchisgenerallyasoundinvestmentbecauseitisaninvestmentintheadvancementofhumanknowledgeandinhumanimaginationandspirit.Whilewemustinvestinresearchirrespectiveofwhethertheresultsmightcontroversial,atthesametimeweshouldbecircumspectaboutresearchwhoseobjectivesaretoovagueandwhosepotentialbenefitsaretoospeculative.moneymightspenttowardaddressingsociety'smoreimmediateproblems,suchasenhanceAIDSawarenessandeducation,andsoforth科學(xué)”theory”andwhenitcomestoscienceourwishesanddesiresultimayyieldtothestubbornnessoffacts--bywhichImeanempiricalscientificevidenceandthelawsandprinciplesofthephysicalworld.Admittedly,inmanycasesitisdifficulttodistinguishbetweenscientific"fact"andmere"theory."Historyisrepletewithexamplesofwhatwereconsideredatonetimetobefacts,butlaterdisprovedasincorrecttheories.Yetitislingthatmanysuchobsoletetheorieswerebasedonthesubjectiveinclinations,desires,andwishesoftheoristsandofthesocietiesinwhichthetheoristslived.Forexample,thenotionsofanEarth-centereduniverseandoflineartimeandspacewerebothinfluencedbyreligiousnotions--thatis,byhumanwishesandpassions.Asourfactualknowledgeincreased,suchtheoriesultima ygiveway.(7學(xué)者應(yīng)該自己思想//科技和閑(30科技的主要目的是提高人們生活的效率，從而增加人們的閑暇時間(107現(xiàn)代即時通訊系統(tǒng)使得人們快速作出選擇并給出答復(fù)，而不是仔細(xì)考慮。(151高速電子通訊方式會人們進(jìn)行深入思考//；互聯(lián)網(wǎng)；//e-//letter，郵件1、科技進(jìn)步(通訊工具的發(fā)展)并沒有給人們的生活帶來的時間來思考；2科技的目的是作為一種使得人們可以更加方便的生活探索世界。要角色，其他通訊也非常必要。數(shù)字圖像和實(7機(jī)比記錄文字更重要。(38電視比書籍更有助于學(xué)習(xí)(150電視和電腦可以促進(jìn)人們了解從未去過的很多地方，因而旅游將會被荒廢(237電腦和圖像技術(shù)可以人們可以傳真得到像油畫和歷史作品等作品，這樣所//的效應(yīng)//：Helenof//Monet的作品。Mona//2Dsideview//歷史文獻(xiàn)，一些重要的還是會保留在館中，而不是放在往上(74最有效的思想和價值觀念的方法是圖像而不是語言。//時間簡史。ABriefHistoryof1、電視、機(jī)可以更真、更形象2、電視和網(wǎng)絡(luò)開拓了人的眼界，使得人們更便捷的看到的美好的地(藝術(shù)品)1、機(jī)的圖像現(xiàn)在很容易更改，所以真假難辨科技的目的：和社會/的關(guān)(31在科研的投資是很好的，即使結(jié)果是有爭議的。(40學(xué)者不用關(guān)注他們的成果是否對社會有貢獻(xiàn)，而是應(yīng)該更關(guān)心他們的研究興(44不應(yīng)該資助其結(jié)果還不明確的研究(69應(yīng)該對科研施加盡可能小的限制(119////二候的德國進(jìn)行的不人道研需要支持的原因121、有些有爭議的研究是對人類有害的，所以也應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎科技的貢獻(xiàn)和影(88科技不僅影響而且決定了社會習(xí)慣和道德。(114科技的進(jìn)步?jīng)]有帶來人性的進(jìn)步(166過去的一個世紀(jì)，科技的最重要貢獻(xiàn)是使得人們的生活更加舒適(196科技造成的問題遠(yuǎn)多于解決的問題，而且可能會到我們生活的質(zhì)量(129科技在現(xiàn)代社會是必要的，但是并不總是有正面影響。//////eachcoinhasitstwo122、科技無法解爭、和貧困等問題3面對科技進(jìn)步不能片面追求經(jīng)濟(jì)利益而應(yīng)該的關(guān)注社會利益和個人生活的科研和發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)(92在學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域和其他領(lǐng)域，認(rèn)識到自己知識的局限性和探求新的信息是同等重(118完成目標(biāo)并不重要，重要的是這個過程中遇到的想法和發(fā)現(xiàn)(216(87任何領(lǐng)域的初學(xué)者總是更作出重大發(fā)現(xiàn)(217為了作出性的工作，需要首先研究其他人的成功工作以確認(rèn)還有什么//neptune//isaacnewton//roentgen發(fā)現(xiàn)x領(lǐng)域，那些剛剛接觸政治的人往往由更愿望來推動科技阻礙人們的(23科技帶來多是細(xì)節(jié)信息。人們忽視了大的觀點和全面的思考(66人們越來越依賴科技，以至于思考能力下降(159人的頭腦總會勝過機(jī)器//速計算//直線、回旋。哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡//CT。////thelordofthe(219123利用科技人類可以節(jié)省大量時間和精力在繁瑣的計算可能有的時4科技對藝術(shù)有重要貢獻(xiàn)給人們提供了的更好的的機(jī)會在這些機(jī)器，他們才能正確運作；機(jī)器的出現(xiàn)最初都是基于人們的humanmind，沒有人Obviously,nowadayswecanneverimaginelivinginaworldthatthereisnocarsfortravelingtooffices,noevisionsforwatchingTVshows,nocellularphonesforcommunicationswithourfamily,andsoforth.Technologicaladvancementhasknittedtheworldtobeaseamlesswebofinformationandphonelines,inwhichpeopleareabletogettherequisitesmuchmoreeasilythaneverbefore.Whenweareatwork,wesurftheinternetforsuggestionswefeeltired,webookanairnetickettoHawaiiforweekends.%Ko,n*vY|留學(xué)| Itseemsaparadoxthatourefficienciesaremuchhigherthaneverbeforewhileourleisuretimeisincreasinglydiminishing,butitisactuallythereality.Thegreaterourmobility,themoreourdestinationseachday;themoretime-savingfacilitiesweuse,themoreactivitieswetrytoattendeachday;withmoreconvenientaccesstoinformation,wetrytoassimilatemoreofiteachday.Nowadayswearedtodomorebythesuperiors,thecompetitors,orevenbyourselves.Fortunay,wehavemoreopportunitiesandchoicesthanourpredecessors,butatthesametime,unfortunay,wehavetoconfrontwithmuchmorechallengesandsufferfrommuchmorepressure.Therefore,peoplemaybenotabletoenjoytheirleisuretimemuchinsuchanincreasinglycompetitivesociety,consequentlyresultinginsomeserioussocialproblems,suchasunemployment,resentment,highsuiciderate,anti-socialbehaviors,andsoforth.寄托家園Mj1i*h_(gc的火星車v/^I4w_'d}Thetwinrobotgeologists,theMarsExplorationRovers,hassuccessfullylaunchedonthesurfaceofMarsthisyear.Therovershavestartedtheirmissionoflookingforsignsofpastwater,whichwouldbehelpfulforfurtherdeterminationwhetherlifeeveraroseonMars. ~&f哈勃望遠(yuǎn)鏡*j4m&k9thO-WiththehelpoftheHubblespaceescope,wecangetmoreclosetotheuniverseandobservethestars,nets,nebulas,rFyq{YwL發(fā)現(xiàn)X射線留學(xué),考試,TOEFL,GRE,GMAT,IELTS,SAT,VISA,文書,簽a_$vFgIn1895,whenWilhelmRoentgenwasworkingindarkenedroom,tryingtodeterminethepenetratingpowerofcathoderays,henoticedthatafaintlightappeared.Theserayshadspecialpenetratingpowertopassthroughinmedicalservicesandscientificresearches.Althoughscientificresearchhasproducedsubstantialsocialbenefitsithasalsoposedseveraltroublingethicalproblems.Publicattentionwasdrawntoreportedabusesofhumansubjectsinbiomedicalexperiments,especiallyduringtheSecondWorldWarThephysiciansandscientistswhohadconductedbiomedicalexperimentsonconcentrationcampprisonerswerejudgedguiltyintrials.(科技和道德)寄托家園JD4l*y!K(C+`7J'P3t!B0BW:@s1\Upenicillin的發(fā)In1928,AlexanderFlemingleftsomeunwashedtescontainingsomebacteriainhislabwhilehewasonholiday.Whenhecameback,hefoundthatamoldwasallovertheteandallthebacteriaweredead.Thisamazingmold,Penicillin,couldinhibitthegrowthofmanydeathfulbacteria,g-T壇,出國,申請,,Aresearcherworkingfor3M,amaterials,hadnnedtomaketheworldgreatestglue.However,intheresearchhefoundtheworld’sworstglue,astickysubstancethatneversticks.Thisglueisoneofthebestthings3Mever|留學(xué)|Obviously,nowadayswecanneverimaginelivinginaworldthatthereisnocarsfortravelingtooffices,noevisionsforwatchingTVshows,nocellularphonesforcommunicationswithourfamily,andsoforth.Technologicaladvancementhasknittedtheworldtobeaseamlesswebofinformationandphonelines,inwhichpeopleareabletogettherequisitesmuchmoreeasilythaneverbefore.Whenweareatwork,wesurftheinternetforsuggestionsandinformation;whenwearehungry,wecallanexpressdeliveryservice;whenwefeeltired,webookanairnetickettoHawaiiforItseemsaparadoxthatourefficienciesaremuchhigherthaneverbeforewhileourleisuretimeisincreasinglydiminishing,butitisactuallythereality.Thegreaterourmobility,themoreourdestinationseachday;themoretime-savingfacilitiesweuse,themoreactivitieswetrytoattendeachday;withmoreconvenientaccesstoinformation,wetrytoassimilatemoreofiteachday.Nowadayswearedtodomorebythesuperiors,thecompetitors,orevenbyourselves.Fortunay,wehavemoreopportunitiesandchoicesthanourpredecessors,butatthesametime,unfortunay,wehavetoconfrontwithmuchmorechallengesandsufferfrommuchmorepressure.Therefore,peoplemaybenotabletoenjoytheirleisuretimemuchinsuchanincreasinglycompetitivesociety,consequentlyresultinginsomeserioussocialproblems,suchasunemployment,resentment,highsuiciderate,anti-socialbehaviors,andsoforth.Thetwinrobotgeologists,theMarsExplorationRovers,hassuccessfullylaunchedonthesurfaceofMarsthisyear.Therovershavestartedtheirmissionoflookingforsignsofpastwater,whichwouldbehelpfulforfurtherdeterminationwhetherlifeeveraroseonMars.WiththehelpoftheHubblespaceescope,wecange