聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練建議課件高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)備考

聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練建議高三英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)《課標(biāo)》如是說(shuō)聽(tīng)力理解的考試形式：聽(tīng)力理解主要考查學(xué)生從口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇中獲取信息和觀點(diǎn)的能力。語(yǔ)言素材可以是日常對(duì)話、簡(jiǎn)短的敘事、發(fā)言、演講、報(bào)告、廣播通知、電話錄音等。主要考試形式是：考生在聽(tīng)錄音的過(guò)程中或聽(tīng)完錄音之后，根據(jù)錄音提供的信息完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù)。考生聽(tīng)一段簡(jiǎn)短的對(duì)話（2~4個(gè)話輪）或短文，然后回答問(wèn)題。問(wèn)題印刷在試卷上?？忌枰獜膫溥x項(xiàng)中選擇正確答案，備選項(xiàng)為三個(gè)。——（《課標(biāo)》P100）關(guān)鍵詞理解1：獲取信息的能力。l.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?（2022年新高考1卷第一節(jié)）A.Checkthemap.B.Leavetherestaurant.C.Parkthecar.考查獲取信息的能力。根據(jù)男士的話“Wehavetofindaparkingspace.Let’sdrivearound

theblockonemoretime.”和女士的話“Look,there’saspace.”可知，兩位說(shuō)話者接下來(lái)要停車(chē)。關(guān)鍵詞理解2：獲取觀點(diǎn)的能力。3.Whydoesthemansuggestgoingtothepark?（2022年甲卷第三節(jié)）A.It’sbig.B.It’squiet.C.It’snew.考查獲取觀點(diǎn)的能力。根據(jù)女士的話

“John,canwegosomeplaceandtalk?It’ssonoisyinhere.”和男士的話“Well,thereisasmallparkacrossthestreet.”可知，男士的推薦去公園的觀點(diǎn)是因?yàn)槟抢锉容^安靜。要注意聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、看、寫(xiě)等過(guò)程中微技能的培養(yǎng)，如：聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練中識(shí)別主旨、細(xì)節(jié)、意圖、態(tài)度等技能，......——（《課標(biāo)》P39–40）主旨要義題型解題策略一、注意開(kāi)頭句開(kāi)頭句往往是一段材料的主題句，起著引領(lǐng)全文的作用。即使不是主題句，也對(duì)理解全文有著重要意義。如：[鹽城市、南京市2022—2023學(xué)年度高三英語(yǔ)第一學(xué)期期末調(diào)研測(cè)試Text10]MyguestontheshowtodayisAliceRicheswhostartedtheStreetPlayProjectinBeechwoodRoadwhereshelives…分析：通過(guò)開(kāi)頭句，考生應(yīng)迅速捕捉到此文本所簡(jiǎn)述的主題必定是StreetPlayProject，即起著引領(lǐng)全文的作用。此外，學(xué)生還要積極地預(yù)測(cè)聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容，如：這篇文本一定與“街道上玩耍”有關(guān)，同時(shí)，積極地思考：街道上玩耍的特定條件是什么？這樣，學(xué)生邊積極思考邊聽(tīng)，會(huì)起到事半功倍的作用。二、通過(guò)話題詞匯推測(cè)主旨有的材料中對(duì)話雙方都沒(méi)有點(diǎn)明談?wù)摰氖挛?，需要我們根?jù)對(duì)話中的話題詞匯來(lái)判斷。如：

[2018年11月浙江]

W:What’sthescorenow?M:It’s3-2atthemomentinEngland’sfavor.ButSpainseemstobetakingtheupperhandonthefield.1.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Atravelplan. B.Anexamresult. C.Asportsgame.分析：材料中涉及的話題詞匯有：score“比分”和field“運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)”，再結(jié)合相關(guān)的詞塊inEngland’sfavor“有利于英格蘭”和taketheupperhand“占上風(fēng)”，就可輕松推測(cè)出談話的主題是“一場(chǎng)體育比賽”，即C

項(xiàng)。因此，熟悉常見(jiàn)聽(tīng)力話題詞匯對(duì)解答主旨大意題非常重要。三、學(xué)會(huì)歸納總結(jié)有的材料中沒(méi)有明顯的主題句，需要在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)，這時(shí)我們要明確對(duì)話雙方談?wù)摰闹骶€，不要被細(xì)枝末節(jié)所影響。如：

[2021新高考]

M:Wedeep-friedfishthreedaysagointhekitchenbuttheunpleasantsmellstays.W:Thereisamethodyoucantry.Everytimeyoumakecoffee,drytheleftovercoffeegroundsandkeeptheminsmallbowls.Thenplacethebowlsinthekitchen.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Howtofryfish. B.Howtomakecoffee. C.Howtoremoveabadsmell.分析：歸納總結(jié)男士和女士的話可知，他們?cè)谟懻撊绾稳コ愇?，答案選C。但是，干擾項(xiàng)A

中的“fryfish”和B

中的“makecoffee”均在材料中有所提及，屬于“以偏概全”的干擾方式，有較強(qiáng)的干擾性。這就要求我們抓住對(duì)話的主線，而不要過(guò)于注重細(xì)枝末節(jié)。談話者意圖、觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度解題策略一、意圖題通常會(huì)考查打電話的目的、見(jiàn)面的目的等，這時(shí)要注意介紹語(yǔ)或寒暄語(yǔ)之后的句子。如：I’mcallingto...,I’mwondering...,Iwonder...這類的句型，通常引出說(shuō)話者的意圖。(2016全國(guó)Ⅰ)Hi,I’mcallingtomakesomechangestoanexistingreservation.(2020年1月浙江)I’mwonderingifIdroppedmypassportwhileIwasthere.Hasanybodyfoundapassportbyanychance?二、注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞but。but之后的內(nèi)容一般體現(xiàn)說(shuō)話者真正的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。(2019年全國(guó)Ⅱ&Ⅲ)M:Howdidyourdancinglessongotoday?W:Exciting,butitwashardwork.Ireallyneedarestnow.三、注意材料中詢問(wèn)和表示觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的句型，其后通常是關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容。

Whatdoyouthink? Howwas...?Howdoyoufeelabout...? ...,do/don’tyouthink?I(don’t)think... I’mafraid...Ifeel... I’msorry...Infact,... Thethingis,...四、談話者表達(dá)情感態(tài)度有時(shí)會(huì)帶有比較明顯的語(yǔ)氣語(yǔ)調(diào)，可通過(guò)談話者的語(yǔ)氣結(jié)合關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行推斷。Thankgoodness!Youarestillhere.→relief(2020浙江)Stopcheckinge-mails!Weareinthemiddleofavacation!→annoyed(2020山東)Comeon.It’stimetogo.WepromisedMomnottobelate.→impatient(2021年1月山東)聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練：從攻克語(yǔ)音障礙開(kāi)始1.連讀（Liaison/Linking）Linkingconsonanttovowelsoundslike:“wholedon”“Iliekit”“depend”“getaplate”“pickdoubt”1.holdon2.Ilikeit3.deepend4.getuplate5.pickedoutItwon'tbeeasy,you'llthinkitstrangeWhenItrytoexplainhowIfeelThatIstillneedyourloveafterallthatI'vedoneYouwon'tbelievemeAllyouwillseeisagirlyouonceknewAlthoughshe'sdresseduptotheninesAtsixesandsevenswithyouLossofplosion失爆

4.Thatman5.dropdown6.keeptrying1.popmusic2.goodbook3.can’tgoItwon'tbeeasy,you'llthinkitstrangeWhenItrytoexplainhowIfeelThatIstillneedyourloveafterallthatI'vedoneYouwon'tbelievemeAllyouwillseeisagirlyouonceknewAlthoughshe'sdresseduptotheninesAtsixesandsevenswithyouItwon'tbeeasy,you'llthinkitstrangeWhenItrytoexplainhowIfeelThatIstillneedyourloveafterallthatI'vedoneYouwon'tbelievemeAllyouwillseeisagirlyouonceknewAlthoughshe'sdresseduptotheninesAtsixesandsevenswithyoulinkingvoweltovowelhowIfeel/ha?a?fi?l/Insertaveryquick/w/sound:●goout●Howareyou?Assimilation同化

/ɡ??wa?t//ha?wɑ?ju?/linkingvoweltovowelIam/a??m/Insertaveryquick/j/sound:●Iam●theyareAssimilation同化

/a?j?m//ee?jɑ?/needyourlove/ni?dj??l?v/1./d+j/→/d?/:●didyou●wouldyouAssimilation同化

/d?d?ju?//wud?ju?/2./s+j/→/?/t?/:●thisyear●What’syourname?/'e????//'w?t??:'ne?m/needyourlove/ni?dj??l?v/Assimilation同化

3./t+j/→/t?/:●didn’tyou●won’tyou/'d?dnt?ju//'w?nt?ju/18.Whatintereststhevisitorsmost?A.Thecoins.B.Thesculpture.C.Thepaintings.19.Whenwasthemuseumopend?A.Inthe19thcentury.B.Inthe20thcentury.C.Inthe21thcentury.20.Whycan’tthecollectionofclayandglassbechanged?A.Ithasbeenperfectinitself.B.Itisagainstthefounder’swill.C.Itdoesn’tbelongtothemuseum.（2021屆南京一模）18.Whatintereststhevisitorsmost?A.Thecoins.B.Thesculpture.C.Thepaintings.Iamsureyou’llrecognizeseveralofthepaintings.Thisisthegallery

that

attractsthelargestnumberofvisitors.

同義替換19.Whenwasthemuseumopened?A.Inthe19thcentury.B.Inthe20thcentury.C.Inthe21thcentury.Thentherearethe19thcenturypaintingsandsculptures.Themuseumwasopenedinthemiddleofthatcenturyandseveraloftheartistseachdonatedonework.20.Whycan’tthecollectionofclayandglassbechanged?A.Ithasbeenperfectinitself.B.Itisagainstthefounder’swill.C.Itdoesn’tbelongtothemuseum.Andourclay

andglasswerelefttothemuseumbyitsfounder.Andinthetermsofhiswill,we’renotallowedtoaddanythingtothatcollection:hebelieved

itwasperfectinitself,andwedon’tseeanyreasontodisagree.3.A.Thewomanwantstogohikingagain.B.Thewomantookherpettothehiking.C.Thewoman’skitchenneededcleaning.D.Thewoman’scatwasill.（2022年1月上海）3.A.Thewomanwantstogohikingagain.B.Thewomantookherpettothehiking.C.Thewoman’skitchenneededcleaning.D.Thewoman’scatwasill.（2022年1月上海）Nasalplosive鼻腔爆破3.

W:

Imissedthehikinglastweek.Ihadtotakemykittentotheclinic.

M:Whatapity!Issheallrightnow?鼻腔爆破：發(fā)/tn/時(shí)，舌尖抵住上齒齦憋氣，將原本發(fā)/t/產(chǎn)生的氣流逼進(jìn)鼻腔，和鼻音/n/一并帶出。如：Britain;certainly;mountain;

button;mitten…Nasalplosive鼻腔爆破Reducingpronouns擊穿連讀Andourclayandglasswerelefttothemuseumbyitsfounder.Andinthetermsofhiswill,

we’renotallowedtoaddanythingtothatcollection:hebelieveditwasperfectinitself,andwedon’tseeanyreasontodisagree.hishehimher\h\...especiallywithhisdesserts…Reducingpronouns擊穿連讀soundslike:“Ilover”“Inewer”“stuffynose”“didee”“hazee”1.Iloveher2.Iknewher3.stuffheknows4.didhe5.hashe2.重讀和弱讀（Stress/Reduction）Whereistheman’smobilephone?A.Onthesofa B.Onthedesk. C.Onthebed.M:I’veuseditsincethen.DidIputitonthedeskafterwards?W:Youoftenleaveitonthesofawhenyou’rewatchingTV.Oh,you’reright.Look—youcouldn’tseeitbecauseofthebooks.contentwords(實(shí)詞)functionwords（虛詞）louder,longer,higherinpitchweak,quick,softStress&ReductionSometimes,thevowelsoundisreducedintoaschwa/?/.tobecomes/t?/forbecomes/f?/1.I’dliketogo.2.Ineedtotalktoyou.3.I’dliketogotothepark.1.Let’sgoforawalk.2.WaitforJohn.3.ThisisforBill.W:Youoftenleaveitonthesofawhenyou'rewatchingTV.Oh,you're

right.

Look--youcouldn'tseeitbecauseofthebooks.W:Youoftenleaveitonthesofawhenyou'rewatchingTV.Oh,you'reright.Look—youcouldn'tseeitbecauseofthebooks.contentwords(實(shí)詞)functionwords（虛詞）louder,longer,higherinpitchweak,quick,softaffirmative:Icandoit.negative:Ican’tdoit.Youcandoit.Youcan’tparkhere.●在二語(yǔ)習(xí)得理論中，對(duì)聽(tīng)力理解的重要性有更為直接的表述：Listeningcomprehensionisakeytoreadingcomprehensionandwrittencomposition.（聽(tīng)力理解是閱讀理解和寫(xiě)作的關(guān)鍵。）Readalot&Readaloud聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練：貴在方法與堅(jiān)持一、精聽(tīng)&泛聽(tīng)精聽(tīng)策略1、與考試相匹配學(xué)生找一個(gè)相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較為安靜的場(chǎng)所，以考試的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)嚴(yán)格要求自己，練習(xí)的模式同考試相同，即聽(tīng)材料，同時(shí)做題。

可以進(jìn)行20道題的綜合訓(xùn)練，也可以針對(duì)自己需要提高的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，如試題中的前五題、細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、計(jì)算題等等。精聽(tīng)策略2、邊聽(tīng)邊默寫(xiě)類似于大學(xué)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)四級(jí)的某項(xiàng)考試題型，學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備好筆和紙，在聽(tīng)音頻材料的過(guò)程中，一邊聽(tīng)一邊將聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容完完整整記下來(lái)，聽(tīng)不清、聽(tīng)不懂或沒(méi)來(lái)得及記下來(lái)的內(nèi)容，可以重復(fù)聽(tīng)。雖然這種方法的任務(wù)量很大，但學(xué)生在聽(tīng)默的過(guò)程中必然會(huì)有意識(shí)地注意前面所講過(guò)的語(yǔ)音知識(shí)問(wèn)題，在長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持之后，會(huì)更大程度上掃清語(yǔ)音障礙。泛聽(tīng)策略磨耳朵泛聽(tīng)不要求學(xué)生做題目，也不需要他們將聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容寫(xiě)下來(lái)，甚至都不要求他們非要聽(tīng)懂所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容，只需要耳朵里有英語(yǔ)的聲音即可。在允許的情況下，有條件的學(xué)生可以隨時(shí)隨地聽(tīng)。這種方法的好處是學(xué)生沒(méi)有壓力，但長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持，效果也非常明顯，根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)，學(xué)生在無(wú)數(shù)次的磨耳朵之后，會(huì)自然地進(jìn)行跟讀，甚至?xí)崆罢f(shuō)出語(yǔ)音材料的內(nèi)容。二、攻克前五題前五題前五題之所以難是因?yàn)榭荚噭傞_(kāi)始還未進(jìn)入狀態(tài)，情緒波動(dòng)大。特別是慢熱的考生進(jìn)入狀態(tài)慢，聽(tīng)力考試卻已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了。最嚴(yán)重的是如果有一題沒(méi)聽(tīng)到，后面一直緊張、糾結(jié)、難過(guò)，導(dǎo)致連續(xù)錯(cuò)；同時(shí)，前五題對(duì)話只讀一遍，題目設(shè)置靈活；材料較短，提供的答題線索有限，一旦錯(cuò)過(guò)就影響答題。如何練習(xí)一、為了攻克前五題，學(xué)生需在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練過(guò)程中形成一個(gè)良好的心態(tài)，把練習(xí)當(dāng)做考試，把考試當(dāng)做練習(xí)。可以對(duì)這五題進(jìn)行集中訓(xùn)練，考前要休息好，播放聽(tīng)力前不要無(wú)所事事：（1）聽(tīng)之前的2-3分鐘，一定要瀏覽題目和答案，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)預(yù)測(cè)，試聽(tīng)時(shí)要適應(yīng)主播；調(diào)整好心理狀況，快速進(jìn)入狀態(tài)，避免慌張。實(shí)在不會(huì)做，根據(jù)已知信息排除，再不會(huì)就學(xué)會(huì)放棄，不能耽誤做下一題。（2）在思維上和解題技巧上下功夫，切記不要聽(tīng)到什么就選什么，善于抓住關(guān)鍵信息和排除干擾選項(xiàng)；如何練習(xí)二、學(xué)會(huì)積累前五題的?？碱}型和易錯(cuò)題型，針對(duì)這兩項(xiàng)進(jìn)行針對(duì)性訓(xùn)練，不能眉毛胡子一把抓。要建立一個(gè)文檔，存好音頻和對(duì)應(yīng)的題目，每隔一段時(shí)間提取出來(lái)進(jìn)行練習(xí)，信息關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)要反復(fù)聽(tīng)，個(gè)別關(guān)鍵句多聽(tīng)?zhēng)妆?，并在原?lái)的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行總結(jié)、提升。還要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)錄音中說(shuō)話者語(yǔ)音的變化，理解其表達(dá)的意義和觀點(diǎn)，揣測(cè)其態(tài)度、意圖、情感等。三、積累聽(tīng)力場(chǎng)景詞匯如何積累ABCDEFG四、把握最新考試動(dòng)態(tài)最新高考請(qǐng)大家聽(tīng)一段2023年1月8日山東高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力第一套的一段音頻：Text3（話題：同事退休；詞數(shù)：40；時(shí)間：19’’；語(yǔ)速：123詞/分）W:ItseemsasifeverybodyistalkingaboutJason’sretirement.M:Yes,hisofficeisfilledwithgifts.IgavehimaT-shirtwithabaseballpatternonit.W:That’snice.I’llgethimsomethingthisafternoon.Hopeit’snotlate.最新高考錄音人:有變化口音:女主播（美音，同2022年）；男主播（英音，新主播）詞數(shù):851語(yǔ)速:129詞/分試題結(jié)構(gòu)：23343繼2019年浙江首考和山東高考同時(shí)使用煙嗓音主播之后，2023年浙江首考和山東高考再次聯(lián)手使用英音男主播。特點(diǎn)：英音+美音；語(yǔ)速比2022年稍快；均為常用話題。按照往年經(jīng)驗(yàn)，六月高考會(huì)再次使用同樣的主播，因此山東高考的二套聽(tīng)力試題是新高考考生適應(yīng)新主播的最佳材料。以2023年山東第二套聽(tīng)力為例特點(diǎn)：英音+美音；語(yǔ)速比2022年稍快；均為常用話題。

1.平均語(yǔ)速：136詞/分（2022年為122詞/分）2.錄音稿總詞數(shù)：891詞3.語(yǔ)音：女主播（美音，同2022年）；男主播（英音，新主播）4.試題結(jié)構(gòu)：23343W:Couldyoucheckthisbillforme?Idon’tthinkit’sright.M:Certainly.First,didyouhavetwocoffees?W:

Oh,didI?M:Yes.Youhadonebeforethemealandanotherafter.（2023年1月山東第二套Text2）部分語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)提要提要：Youhadonebeforethemealandanotherafter.句尾省略了themeal，完整句子為Youhadonebeforethemealandanotherafterthemeal。能否注意到省略的用法會(huì)影響考生對(duì)語(yǔ)意的理解。W:Howmuchtimedowehavebeforethemovie?Wewon’thavetohurry,willwe?M:Don’tworry.It’s6:30now.Westillhavetwohours.Ittakesonly30minutestogetthere.（2023年1月山東第二套Text4）提要：1.不完全爆破:Wewon’(t)havetohurry,willwe?2.弱讀:Ittakesonly30minutestogetthere/e?/.。W:

Goodmorning,sir.I’dliketoaskyouafewquestionsifImay.M:Well,I’mwaitingformyflight.

SoIguessIcanifyoumakeitbrief.（2023年1月山東第二套Text5）提要：SoIguessIcanifyoumakeitbrief.中省略了answeryourquestions，即完整句子為SoIguessIcanansweryourquestionsifyoumakeitbrief.學(xué)生若無(wú)法根據(jù)上下文補(bǔ)足句子，則可能會(huì)影響其對(duì)語(yǔ)意的理解。M:Hello,Claudia.Doyourememberme?W:Ofcourse.Hello,Chris.Youlookwell.M:Itmustbeeightyearssinceyouleftschool.W:That’sright.Youwerefouryearsbelowme.Iwasinthesameyearasyouroldersister,Stephanie?M:

Yes,youtwowereveryclose.W:IsStephaniehereforthe50-yearcelebrationofourschool?M:No,sheisinDenmarkforbusiness.W:Whatareyoudoingnow?M:Offtoschool.IgotaplaceatuniversityandIammajoringinbusinessstudies.W:Thatsoundsinteresting.Igotajobasaninterpreter.M:Whatlanguagesdoyouspeak?W:ApartfromEnglish,IspeakFrenchandGerman.M:Ididn’tgetonwellwithmyFrenchteacherhere

atschool,soIdroppedthesubjectattheendofmyfifthyear.W:Wheredoyoustudy?M:InLondon.IenjoylivinginLondon.W:IsometimestraveltodifferentpartsofBritainwithmybosstodointerpretingforhim.Nextweek,hehasaconferenceinLondon.M:Willyouhavetimetocallandvisitmewhileyou’reinthearea?W:Yes,I’dloveto.M:I’llgiveyoumyphonenumber.Ringmeintheevening.W:Thankyou.We’llbeabletohavemoretimetocatchup.（2023年1月山東第二套Text9）提要：[語(yǔ)言知識(shí)]

belowprep（數(shù)量、水平等）在……以下/低于closeadj.親密的placen.[C]入學(xué)名額（熟詞生義)interpretern.[C]口譯工作者；口譯譯員dropvt.停止；終止；放棄majorinsth(在大學(xué))主修……catchup補(bǔ)做（未做的事），此處指“敘舊”提要：[語(yǔ)音知識(shí)]

1.完全爆破與不完全爆破:Itmustbeeigh(t)yearssinceyoulef(t)school.2.弱讀、不完全爆破:Offtoschool.Igotaplacea(t)universityandIammajoringinbusinessstudies.本段聽(tīng)力文本話題為偶遇寒暄；詞數(shù)共208個(gè)；時(shí)間：1‘29“；語(yǔ)速：140詞/分。這也是聽(tīng)力第二部分唯一提供4道題目的材料，篇幅較長(zhǎng)（共10個(gè)話輪），語(yǔ)言較為復(fù)雜（帶有閱讀理解的味道）。因此，考生在備考過(guò)程中要關(guān)注此等篇幅和語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)的文本，要進(jìn)行有意識(shí)的聽(tīng)說(shuō)訓(xùn)練。W:Welcomeaboardourcitytourbus.First,letmetellyouaboutthetour.We’regoingtotravelthroughthemosthistoricpartsofthecityforaboutanhour,withlotsofchancesforyoutotakephotosorjustenjoythewonderfulbuildingsliketheCityHall