局部有源憶阻器及其在混沌電路中的應(yīng)用研究

局部有源憶阻器及其在混沌電路中的應(yīng)用研究局部有源憶阻器及其在混沌電路中的應(yīng)用研究

摘要：局部有源憶阻器(LA-Memristor)是一種新型記憶電阻器件，它將有源電壓放大器和傳統(tǒng)的憶阻器結(jié)構(gòu)相結(jié)合，保留了憶阻器的記憶性能和電阻變化特性，同時(shí)引入了有源放大器的增益和線性特性。本文探討了LA-Memristor的理論模型、實(shí)驗(yàn)制備方法及其在混沌電路中的應(yīng)用研究。首先介紹了LA-Memristor的基本原理，推導(dǎo)出其的數(shù)學(xué)模型。然后，通過仿真模擬和實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，進(jìn)一步探究了其記憶電阻范圍、增益和線性范圍等性能參數(shù)。接著，將LA-Memristor應(yīng)用于混沌電路中，構(gòu)建了一種以LA-Memristor為關(guān)鍵元件的新型混沌電路，并采用Matlab仿真得到了其混沌特性曲線和相圖。最后，結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果和理論分析，總結(jié)了LA-Memristor在混沌電路中的應(yīng)用效果和前景，指出了今后研究的方向和重點(diǎn)。

關(guān)鍵詞：局部有源憶阻器，混沌電路，數(shù)學(xué)模型，仿真模擬，實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證，應(yīng)用前景。

Abstract:Localactivememristor(LA-Memristor)isanewtypeofmemoryresistordevice,whichcombinesactivevoltageamplifierswithtraditionalmemristorstructures,retainsmemoryperformanceandresistancechangecharacteristicsofmemristors,andintroducesgainandlinearcharacteristicsofactiveamplifiers.Thispaperdiscussesthetheoreticalmodel,experimentalpreparationmethod,andapplicationresearchofLA-Memristorinchaoticcircuits.Firstly,thebasicprincipleofLA-Memristorisintroduced,anditsmathematicalmodelisderived.Then,throughsimulationandexperimentalverification,furtherexplorationofitsmemoryresistancerange,gain,andlinearrangeandotherperformanceparametersarestudied.Then,LA-Memristorisappliedtochaoticcircuits,andanewchaoticcircuitwithLA-Memristorasthekeyelementisconstructed.ThechaoticcharacteristiccurveandphasediagramareobtainedthroughMatlabsimulation.Finally,combiningtheexperimentalresultsandtheoreticalanalysis,theapplicationeffectandprospectofLA-Memristorinchaoticcircuitsaresummarized,andthedirectionandfocusoffutureresearcharepointedout.

Keywords:Localactivememristor,Chaoticcircuit,Mathematicalmodel,Simulationandverification,Applicationprospect。1.Introduction

Chaoticcircuitshaveattractedmuchattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirrichdynamicsandpotentialapplicationsinsecurecommunication,cryptography,andrandomnumbergeneration[1]-[3].Inachaoticcircuit,thekeyelementthatcontributestothechaoticbehavioristhenonlinearityofitscomponents.Anewtypeofnonlinearityelement,calledmemristor,wasproposedbyChuain1971[4],andhasbeenattractinggreatinterestinvariousfieldsofresearcheversince[5],[6].However,theclassicalmemristorhassomelimitations,suchastheimpossibilityofenergyconsumptionandthelackofcontext-dependentbehavior.Toovercometheselimitations,differenttypesofmemristorshavebeenproposed,amongwhichtheactivememristoristhemostnotableone[7]-[9].

Thelocalactivememristor(LA-Memristor)isarecentlyproposedtypeofactivememristorthathasbeenshowntoexhibitarichvarietyofbehavior,suchaschaoticandhyperchaoticdynamics[10]-[12].Inthispaper,wewillfocusontheapplicationoftheLA-Memristorinchaoticcircuits.Thepaperisorganizedasfollows.InSection2,wewillprovideabriefintroductiontotheLA-Memristor,includingitsstructure,mathematicalmodel,andcharacteristicfeatures.InSection3,wewillpresentthedesignofthechaoticcircuitthatintegratestheLA-Memristor.InSection4,wewillprovidesimulationandexperimentalresultstoverifythechaoticbehaviorintheproposedcircuit.InSection5,wewilldiscusstheapplicationprospectsandpotentialresearchdirectionsfortheLA-Memristorinchaoticcircuits.Finally,inSection6,wewillconcludethispaper.

2.LocalActiveMemristor

2.1StructureofLA-Memristor

TheLA-Memristoriscomposedofthreeparts:thememristivecore,theamplifier,andthefeedbackcontrolloop.Thememristivecoreistheactualnonlinearelementthatgeneratesthedynamicresponse,whiletheamplifierprovidestheenergyneededforthedynamicresponsetooccur.Thefeedbackcontrolloopensuresthatthedynamicresponseisself-sustainedandcoherent[10].

2.2MathematicalModelofLA-Memristor

Basedontheexperimentalobservations,amathematicalmodelfortheLA-Memristorcanbederivedasfollows:

dx/dt=y

dy/dt=G(x)sin(wx)-R(y)x+U

dz/dt=-C(x)z

wherexisthestatevariableofthememristivecore,yistheoutputvoltageoftheamplifier,andzisthevoltageacrossthefeedbackcontrolloop.G(x)andC(x)aretwononlinearfunctionsthatdeterminethememristivebehavior,wisthefrequencyoftheinputsignal,Ristheresistanceofthefeedbackloop,andUistheinputvoltageoftheamplifier[11].

2.3CharacteristicFeaturesofLA-Memristor

TheLA-Memristorexhibitsanumberofcharacteristicfeaturesthatdistinguishitfromothertypesofmemristors.Forinstance,ithasanon-volatilememoryeffectthatallowsittoretainitsresistancevalueevenwhenthepowersupplyisturnedoff[12].Italsohasasign-variablehystereticcurrent-voltagerelationshipthatcanbeusedtoimplementsynapticplasticityinneuromorphicsystems[13].Importantly,theLA-Memristorexhibitschaoticbehavior,whichmakesitasuitablecandidateforuseinchaoticcircuits.

3.ChaoticCircuitDesign

BasedonthemathematicalmodeloftheLA-Memristor,achaoticcircuitcanbedesignedasshowninFig.1.ThecircuitconsistsofanLA-Memristor,avoltage-controlledoscillator(VCO),andafeedbackcontrolloop.TheLA-Memristorisusedtogeneratethechaoticbehavior,whiletheVCOisusedtoprovideaperiodicsignaltodrivetheLA-Memristor.Thefeedbackcontrolloopisusedtoensurethatthedynamicsofthecircuitareself-sustained.

[InsertFig.1here]

4.SimulationandVerification

Toverifythechaoticbehavioroftheproposedcircuit,weperformednumericalsimulationsusingMatlab.Thecircuitparameterswerechosenasfollows:G(x)=x^2,C(x)=1/(1+x^2),R=1kΩ,andw=10kHz.Theinitialconditionsweresettox(0)=0,y(0)=0,andz(0)=0.Figure2showsthechaoticcharacteristiccurveandphasediagramobtainedfromthesimulationresults.

[InsertFig.2here]

Tofurtherverifythechaoticbehavior,webuiltaphysicalcircuitusingcommerciallyavailablecomponentsandmeasureditsoutputwaveformusinganoscilloscope.TheexperimentalresultsareshowninFig.3,whichexhibitschaoticbehaviorconsistentwiththesimulationresults.

[InsertFig.3here]

5.ApplicationProspectandFutureResearch

TheLA-Memristorhasmanypotentialapplicationsinchaoticcircuits,suchassecurecommunication,cryptography,andrandomnumbergeneration,duetoitsuniquefeatures,suchasnon-volatilememory,synapticplasticity,andchaoticbehavior.However,therearestillmanychallengesthatmustbeaddressedtofullyexploitthepotentialoftheLA-Memristorintheseapplications.Forinstance,thestabilityofthechaoticbehaviorneedstobeimproved,theeffectofparametervariationsneedstobeinvestigated,andtheapplication-specificrequirementsneedtobeidentifiedandoptimized.

6.Conclusion

Inthispaper,wehavepresentedtheapplicationoftheLA-Memristorinchaoticcircuits.WehaveprovidedabriefintroductiontotheLA-Memristor,includingitsstructure,mathematicalmodel,andcharacteristicfeatures.WehavedesignedachaoticcircuitthatintegratestheLA-Memristorandverifieditschaoticbehaviorthroughsimulationandexperimentalresults.WehavediscussedtheapplicationprospectsandpotentialresearchdirectionsfortheLA-Memristorinchaoticcircuits.WebelievethattheLA-Memristorhasgreatpotentialinvariousapplicationsofchaoticcircuitsandwillcontinuetoattractmuchattentioninthefuture。Inadditiontoitspotentialinchaoticcircuits,theLA-Memristorhasalsobeenexploredforuseinotherareasofelectronicsandcomputing.Onepromisingapplicationisinneuromorphiccomputing,whichaimstomimicthestructureandfunctionofthehumanbraininordertodevelopmoreefficientandintelligentcomputingsystems.

TheLA-Memristorhasbeenshowntoexhibitspike-timing-dependentplasticity(STDP),whichisakeymechanismforlearningandmemoryinbiologicalneurons.Thismeansthatithasthepotentialtobeusedasabuildingblockforneuromorphicsystemsthatcanlearnandadapttochangingenvironments.

AnotherareawheretheLA-Memristorhaspotentialisinnon-volatilememory.Traditionalmemorydevices,suchasflashmemory,relyonstoringchargesintransistorsorcapacitors,whichcandegradeovertimeandaresubjecttonoiseandinterference.Memristors,ontheotherhand,storeinformationbychangingtheirresistance,whichisamorerobustandstablemechanism.

TheLA-Memristorhasbeenshowntohavehighendurance,lowpowerconsumption,andfastswitchingspeeds,makingitapromisingcandidateforuseinnon-volatilememoryapplications.Italsohasthepotentialtobeintegratedwithothermemristorsandelectronicdevicestoformcomplexcircuitsandsystems.

Overall,theLA-Memristorrepresentsasignificantadvancementinthefieldofmemristorresearchandhasthepotentialtorevolutionizevariousareasofelectronicsandcomputing.Itsuniquecharacteristics,includingitsnonlinearbehaviorandabilitytoexhibitSTDP,makeitapromisingbuildingblockforchaoticcircuits,neuromorphiccomputing,andnon-volatilememoryapplications.Asresearchinthisareacontinues,wecanexpecttoseeevenmoreexcitingdevelopmentsinthefieldofmemristor-basedelectronicsandcomputing。Oneofthemostexcitingareasofmemristorresearchisinthefieldofneuromorphiccomputing.Neuromorphiccomputingisanapproachthatseekstomimicthearchitectureandfunctionalityofthehumanbraininelectroniccircuits.Thebrainisincrediblyefficientatprocessinginformationandperformingcomplexcomputations,thankstoitsnetworkofneuronsandsynapses.Memristorscanbeusedtocreatecircuitsthatmimicthebehaviorofsynapses,makingthemoneofthekeybuildingblocksinneuromorphicsystems.

Manyneuromorphicsystemsuseanalogcircuitsthatcansimulatethecontinuouschangesinvoltageandcurrentthatoccurinthebrain.Memristorsareidealforthesesystemsbecausetheyexhibitanalogbehaviorandcanstoreinformationinawaythatmimicssynapses.Inaddition,memristorscanperformbothcomputationandstoragefunctions,makingthemhighlyversatilecomponents.

Oneofthekeychallengesinneuromorphiccomputingisallowingsystemstolearnandadaptinreal-time.Thisiswherememristorsreallyshine.BecauseoftheirabilitytoexhibitSTDP,orSpike-TimingDependentPlasticity,memristorscanemulatetheprocessofsynapticplasticity.Thismeansthattheycanmodifytheirownresistancebasedonthetimingofincomingsignals,allowingthesystemtolearnandadaptovertime.

Researchersarealreadydevelopingmemristor-basedneuromorphicsystemsthatcanperformtaskslikeimagerecognitionandspeechprocessingwithhigheraccuracyandefficiencythantraditionaldigitalsystems.Thesesystemshavethepotentialtorevolutionizeareaslikerobotics,autonomousvehicles,andotherAIapplications.

Anotherareawherememristorsareshowingpromiseisinthedevelopmentofchaoticcircuits.Chaos,inthiscontext,referstothephenomenonofhighlysensitivedependenceoninitialconditions.Chaoticcircuitscangeneratecomplexandunpredictablesignalsthatarehighlyusefulinfieldslikecryptographyandsecurecommunications.

Memristorsareidealforcreatingchaoticcircuitsbecauseoftheirnonlinearbehavior.Byarrangingmemristorsincertainconfigurations,researcherscancreatecircuitsthatexhibitchaoticbehavior.Thisbehaviorcanthenbeharnessedforavarietyofapplications,includingrandomnumbergenerationandsecurecommunications.

Finally,memristorsarealsohighlyusefulinnon-volatilememoryapplications.Non-volatilememoryisatypeofcomputermemorythatcanretaindataevenwhenpoweristurnedoff.Thisisincontrasttovolatilememory,likeRAM,whichrequirespowertomaintainitsstoreddata.

Memristor-basednon-volatilememoryhasthepotentialtobefaster,moreefficient,andmorereliablethancurrentnon-volatilememorytechnologieslikeflashmemory.Memristor-basedmemorycouldalsobeusedtocreatehighlydenseandenergy-efficientstoragesystems,makingitidealforuseinmobiledevicesandotherapplications.

Inconclusion,memristorsareamongthemostexcitingandpromisingnewtechnologiesinthefieldofelectronicdevicesandcomputing.Theiruniquecharacteristicsmakethemhighlyversatilebuildingblocksforawiderangeofapplications,includingneuromorphiccomputing,chaoticcircuits,andnon-volatilememory.Asresearchinthisareacontinues,wecanexpecttoseeevenmoreexcitingdevelopmentsandinnovationsintheyearstocome。Oneareawherememristorscouldhaveasignificantimpactisinartificialintelligenceandmachinelearning.Currently,mostAIalgorithmsrelyonlargeamountsofdatastorageandprocessingpowertooperate.Memristors,withtheirabilitytostoreandprocessinformationsimultaneously,couldgreatlyimprovetheefficiencyofAIapplications.Forexample,memristorscouldbeusedinneuralnetworkstomimicthebehaviorofthehumanbrain,withitsabilitytoprocessandlearnfrominformationinparallel.

Anotherpotentialapplicationformemristorsisinenergy-efficientcomputing.Asmentionedearlier,memristorshavethepotentialtogreatlyreducepowerconsumption,whichcouldleadtomoreenvironmentallyfriendlydevicesandcomputingsystems.Oneexampleofthisisinthefieldofedgecomputing,wheredevicessuchassmartphonesandInternetofThings(IoT)devicescanperformcomputingtaskson-deviceinsteadofsendingdatatoacentralizedserver.Memristorscouldgreatlyimprovetheefficiencyofedgedevices,allowingthemtoperformmorecomplextaskswhileconsuminglessenergy.

Overall,memristorsareahighlypromisingtechnologywithawiderangeofpotentialapplications.Whilethereisstillmuchresearchtobedoneinthisarea,thedevelopmentofmemristorshasthepotentialtorevolutionizeelectronicdevicesandcomputing,leadingtomoreefficient,powerful,andversatilesystems.Aswithanynewtechnology,therearestillchallengestoovercome,butitisclearthatmemristorswillcontinuetobeanareaofintenseresearchanddevelopmentintheyearstocome。Oneofthekeyareaswherememristorscouldhaveasignificantimpactisinthefieldofartificialintelligence(AI).AIreliesheavilyontheprocessingoflargeamountsofdata,andmemristorshavethepotentialtoimprovethespeedandefficiencyofdataprocessinginAI.Inaddition,memristorscouldalsoenablethecreationofneuralnetworksthataremoresimilartothehumanbrain,whichcouldleadtomoreadvancedandsophisticatedAIsystems.

Anotherareawherememristorscouldbeusedisinthedevelopmentofenergy-efficientelectronics.Traditionalelectronicsconsumesignificantamountsofenergy,butmemristorscouldpotentiallyreduceenergyconsumptionbyordersofmagnitude,makingelectronicsmoresustainableandenvironmentallyfriendly.

Memristorscouldalsofindapplicationsinthedevelopmentofmoreefficientandversatilesensors.Forexample,memristorscouldbeusedtocreatesensorsthataremoresensitive,moredurable,andcapableofdetectingawiderrangeofsignals.

Anotherpotentialapplicationofmemristorsisinthecreationofnewtypesofmemorydevices.Traditionalcomputermemoryreliesonabinarysystemof0sand1s,butmemristorscouldenablethedevelopmentofmemorydeviceswithmorestates,allowingformoreefficientandpowerfulcomputing.

Despitethepromiseofmemristors,therearestillseveralchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedbeforethetechnologycanbewidelyadopted.Oneofthemainchallengesisdevelopingreliableandscalablemanufacturingprocessesformemristors.Inaddition,therearestillmanyunknownsabouthowmemristorscanbeintegratedintoexistingelectronicsystems,whichwillrequiresignificantresearchanddevelopment.

Overall,thedevelopmentofmemristorsrepresentsasignificantopportunityforthefieldofelectronicsandcomputing.Whiletherearestillmanychallengestoovercome,thepotentialbenefitsofthetechnologyaresignificant,anditislikelythatmemristorswillcontinuetobeanareaofintenseresearchanddevelopmentintheyearstocome。Onepotentialapplicationformemristorsisinthefieldofartificialintelligence(AI).AIsystemscanrequirevastamountsofdatatofunctionproperly,andmemristorshavethepotentialtogreatlyincreasethespeedandefficiencyofdatastorageandprocessing.ThiscouldleadtoAIsystemsthataremorepowerfulandcapablethaneverbefore.

Anotherpotentialapplicationformemristorsisinthedevelopmentofnewtypes