2013年全國入學(xué)考試英語一試題及答案詳解

2013年入學(xué)考試英語試Section UseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedaninabilitytoconsiderthebig3 wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith. ,hetheorisedthatajudge ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytodcommunityserviceonthatTo8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnedthetruthwas .Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13 applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14 numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant’sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhich outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorDrSimonsonhfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,buttotheeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20 .1.[A] [B] [C] [D]2.[A][B] [C][D]3.[A][B] [C][D]4.[A]For[B]On [C]In[D]Above5.[A][B] [C][D]6.[A][B] [C][D]7.[A][B] [C][D]8.[A][B] [C][D]9.[A][B] [C][D]10.[A][B] [C][D]11.[A][B] [C]re[D]12.[A][B] [C][D]13.[A][B] [C][D]14.[A][B] [C][D]15.[A][B] [C][D]16.[A][B] [C][D]17.[A][B] [C][D]18.[A][B] [C][D]19.[A][B] [C][D]20.[A][B] [C][D]Section ReadingPartDirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TextInthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,yedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexinshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn’tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”.Inthelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposable——meanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat——andtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakinganindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffer$5.95knitminiskirtinallits2,300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountsofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld’sanswertoconsumer-activistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan’sTheOmnivore’sDilemma.“Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,”Clineargues.Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayear——about64itemsper ——andnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSarahKateBeaumont,whosince2008hasmadeallofherownclothes——andbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexamplecan’tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironment——includingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLine——Clinebelieveslastingchangecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshopmoresustainablywhentheycan’taffordnotto.PriestlycriticizesherassistantforpoorbargaininginsensitivitytoobsessionwithhighlackofAccordingtoCline,mass-marketlabelsurgeconsumerscombatunnecessaryshutoutthefeverishfashionresisttheinfluenceofshopfortheirgarmentsmoreTheword“indictment”(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningWhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelastVanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinThefast-fashionindustryignoresPeoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablePricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlyWhatisthesubjectoftheSatireonanextravagantChallengetoahigh-fashionCriticismofthefast-fashionExposureofamass-marketTextAnoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted—thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.watchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural”atthosemostlikelytoInthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?InDecember2010America’sFederalTradeCommission(FTC)proposedaddinga“donottrack”(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed. ’sInternetExplorerandApple’sSafaribothofferDNT;’sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandtheDigitalAdvertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.OnMay31st setofftherow.ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwithwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.Advertisersarehorrified.Humannaturebeingwhatitis,mostpeoplestickwithdefaultsettings.FewswitchDNTonnow,butiftrackingisoffitwillstayoff.BobLiodice,thechiefexecutiveoftheAssociationofNationalAdvertisers,saysconsumerswillbeworseoffiftheindustrycannotcollectinformationabouttheirpreferences.Peoplewillnotgetfewerads,hesays.“They’llgetlessmeaningful,lesstargetedads.”Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.Unabletolwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwith’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.Alsouncleariswhy hasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.Ifitistryingtoupset,whichreliesalmostwhollyonadvertising,ithaschosenanindirectmethod:ThereisnoguaranteethatDNTbydefaultwill ethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8—thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywith’sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,’schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:“Webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol.”CoulditreallybethatItissuggestedinParagraph1that“behavioural”adshelpadvertiserseasecompetitionamonglowertheiroperationalavoidcomintsfromprovidebetteronline“Theindustry”(Line6,Para.3)refersonlinemercedigital internetbrowserBobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasamaycutthenumberofjunkfailstoaffecttheadwillnotbenefitgoesagainsthumanWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphDNTmaynotserveitsintendedAdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTislosingitspopularityamongAdvertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouralTheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneTextUpuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely—thoughbynomeansuniformly—glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicflutoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears—sowhyshouldn’twe?Takeabroaderlookatourspecies’ceintheuniverse,andit esclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe“RedList”ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(),andyouwillread:“ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline.”Sowhatdoesourdeepfuturehold?Agrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasasitsflagshipprojectamechanicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearsPerhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday’stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit’sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That’sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshathehistoryofthenet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongmakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetoOurvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredourdesireforlivesofourfaithinscienceandourawarenessofpotentialourbeliefinequal ’s“RedList”suggeststhathumanbeingsasustainedathreattothetheworld’sdominantamiscedWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraphArchelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalTechnologyofferssolutionstosocialTheinterestinsciencefictionisontheOurimmediatefutureishardtoToensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialexploreournet’sabundantadoptanoptimisticviewofthedrawonourexperiencefromthecurbourambitiontoreshapeWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitlefortheUncertaintyaboutOurEvolutionoftheHumanTheEver-brightProspectsofOnafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona’simmigrationlawMonday—amodestvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration’sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalernmentandthestates.InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona’scontroversialntohavestateandlocalenfederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization”andthatfederallawsprecedestatelawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt’sliberals,ruledthatthestateflewtooclosetothefederalsun.OntheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthatCongresshaddeliberay“occupiedthefield,”andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal’sprivilegedpowers.However,theJusticessaidthatArizonawouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenment.That’sbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenmentandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice—SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas—agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktotheAlienandSeditionActs.The8-0objectiontoObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas“ashockingassertionoffederalexecutivepower”.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona’slawsedwithitsenmentpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn’twanttocarryoutCongress’simmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.ThreeprovisionsofArizona’snwereoverturnedbecausedeprivedthefederalofConstitutionaldisturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentoversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationcontradictedboththefederalandstateOnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraphFederalofficers’dutytowithholdStates’independencefromfederalimmigrationStates’legitimateroleinimmigration ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionviolatedtheunderminedthestates’supportedthefederalstoodinfavoroftheTheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenoutweighsthatheldbytheisdependentonthestates’isestablishedbyfederalrarelygoesagainststateWhatcanbelearnedfromthelastImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyJusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheJusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithTheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationPartDirections:Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA—Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceisnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41) Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity. .Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegrastheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.ysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthe “environmentalchange”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince2004.(43) Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,forexample.Andwhetherthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding.(44) .Thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocominaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2020,anewprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory.Thishasresultedinsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45) .Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchasbriefs.However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneofthese Theideaistosocialscientiststointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchange;foodsecurity;marineresearchandthebio-economy;clean,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.Thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehaviour:allrequirebehaviouralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelocleanenergy.Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds—includingernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate—variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.PartDirections:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;46)yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardenscreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakofvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshastodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.47)Asacredceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,theformer esallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone’srelationtoone’senvironment.48)Thegardensofhomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintroduceformintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidn’texistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insongtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefrom,issointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofnts,oftrees,49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingardenandfeeltheoppressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofntsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallforththespiritofntandanimallift,ifonlysymbolically,throughaclumplikearrangementofmaterials,anintroductionofcolors,smallpoolsofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisyherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofwordgarden,thoughina“l(fā)iberated”sense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia—ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife—assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.Section PartAWriteane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollege,invitinghim/hertobeajudgeforthe ingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMing”Donotwritetheaddress.(10PartBWriteanessayof160~200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youdescribethedrawinginterpretitsintendedmeaning,giveyourYoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(202013年入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考SectionⅠUseof1.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析](tosb.)grantsb.sth；submit“提交”submitsth.tosb./sth.，用于下級對上級；transmit意為“傳輸，發(fā)射”；deliver“傳遞”。空格位于首段第二2.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析][選項(xiàng)分析minorobjectiveexternalby（strength出公正的（unbiased）。根據(jù)上下文意思，此處的_2_factors顯然是backgroundinformationexternalfactors搭配，但均與3.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]可知，inabilitytoconsiderthebig3 與pooratconsideringbackgroundinformation意思相同，所以thebig_3_為backgroundinformation的同義替換，只有picture的范圍和意義與此吻合。bigpicture是一個(gè)固定搭配，表示“大局，的全貌的全貌”也往往用wholepicture這里的bigpicture改寫了前面的backgroundinformation和externalfactors。其它詞語與big搭配，均沒有這層意思。[A]issue“問題，[B]vision“想象，[D]moment4.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析][選項(xiàng)分析]根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系判斷，在提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)之后，接下來就是進(jìn)行例證。選項(xiàng)中只有[A][A]。此外，2010年完型也考查了forexample,2009年完型考查了forinstance，例證關(guān)系是考研完型的重要考點(diǎn)。[B][C][D]5.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]fearful，capable，thoughtless ofappearingtoosoft為judge的定語。整句話的意思是“……顯得[A]罪太過心慈手軟”也不是某種能力，所以可排除[C]。根據(jù)上下文意思，做出，是因?yàn)椤昂ε隆弊约罕憩F(xiàn)得對過于軟弱（toosoft。故選[B]。6.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析][選項(xiàng)分析]softonsb./sth.是固定搭配，表示“對/某事態(tài)度偏軟，不夠嚴(yán)厲”的意，故選[B]。此外，根據(jù)介詞的本義和其后所接的crime（ ，7.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]untilthoughunless“緩刑案例對應(yīng)前一句的thedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith，本句“biased8.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]emphasize[D]test用2010untestedtheory9.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]，[選項(xiàng)分析]本句提到的例子和第一段的例子如出一轍。根據(jù)第一段若要某具體，為保持公正，就不應(yīng)該考慮當(dāng)天已經(jīng)的案例。同理可得，本句表明的意思；[B]；[C；[D]，10.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析][選項(xiàng)分析]others的后置定語，且randomly修飾，randomlythefewothers[C]foun（11.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案D[考點(diǎn)分析]deensible；re；otherwisebutD。12.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案C[考點(diǎn)分析]選項(xiàng)分析iedesed意為“表達(dá)的”;cedecd意為“保護(hù)的，irvi是y的1aiisies。此知，只能“入學(xué)試的們指ced。tieesed和eced為答案。13.[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]劃分等級”等；match意為“使比賽；匹配”等；arrange意為“安排，整理”等。onascaleofonetofive（15五個(gè)等級）即可確定只能選rate，其他均1514．[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案D[考點(diǎn)分析]intoconsideration搭[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案B[考點(diǎn)分析]，theneverratherwere15usedtomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher，所填副詞表明本句5The，[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析][選項(xiàng)分析selectpassmarkintroducewhichexam，而且后面跟著800points，很顯然與分?jǐn)?shù)有關(guān)，可確定選[C]mark。該句的意思是，“GMAT800pass之后一般接考試，而不是分?jǐn)?shù)；[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析][選項(xiàng)分析]thepreviouscandidate，theone_17_that（thatthepreviouscandidate）thenextapplicant。很明below不表示時(shí)間順序，可直接排除。正確答案是[A]。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]floatdropfluctuate數(shù)的高低變化，所以只能是上升或下降，可首先排除floatfluctuate。根據(jù)后句話的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，Thisanaverageof0.075pointssuchadecreasethisSimonsohn0.075[B]是答案。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]undodisregard30響的動詞，所以[B]undo是答案，其余三個(gè)均與原文不符。[標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案[考點(diǎn)分析]possiblenecessaryhelpful是面試分?jǐn)?shù)受到不公正影響時(shí)，考生要成功入學(xué)，GMAT需要的分?jǐn)?shù)。后者比前者morethannecessary優(yōu)勢，它賦予人們不受外界因素影響而做判斷的能力。但是，Simonsohn博士推測，缺樣推理，如果一個(gè)害怕（別人說他）對太心慈手軟，而且他在那天已經(jīng)對五、六個(gè)做出緩刑，那么他更可能會判接下來的人。Simonsohn博士懷疑事實(shí)并非如此。319323MBA考生的面試結(jié)果。經(jīng)過考慮眾多因15（他們）將這些分?jǐn)?shù)與申請人的經(jīng)企管理入學(xué)考試（或稱GMAT）成績綜合起來，由此來決定他或她是否被錄取。GMAT800分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化考試。Simonsohn博士發(fā)現(xiàn)，在每天的一連串面試者當(dāng)中，如果前一個(gè)應(yīng)試者的分?jǐn)?shù)比其0.075個(gè)點(diǎn)。這一分差聽起來很小，但是要想抵消掉它所帶來的影響，應(yīng)試者就要在GMAT30分才行。SectionⅡReading解題的關(guān)鍵在于把握定位段落的信息。Priestlycriticize定位到首段首句，去掉狀語和插入doesn’taffecther.意思為“Priestly責(zé)怪她那沒有的助手，因?yàn)橹终J(rèn)為頂級時(shí)criticizesscolds，選項(xiàng)[B]insensitivitytofashionhighfashiondoesn’taffecther，是對原文首句的概括總結(jié)。所以[B]選項(xiàng)正確?！癈line，labelsconsumers定位到第二段第四句，去掉兩個(gè)破折號之間的插入語，此句的主干信息為Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposalandtorenewtheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks，意思為[D]urge對應(yīng)文中的encouragegarments對應(yīng)文wardrobe，shopfor…frequently對應(yīng)文中renew…everyfewweeks[D]選項(xiàng)正確。[A]是根據(jù)第二段第三句中的Quickerturnaroundsmeanlesswastedinventory設(shè)置的干擾不表明大眾品牌商標(biāo)鼓勵(lì)人們“與不必要的浪費(fèi)作。故[A]與文意相悖。[B]正反混界。[C]曲解文意，利用第四句中althoughtheydon’tadvertisethat…設(shè)置無關(guān)干擾，文中于把握的上下文邏輯關(guān)系并關(guān)注文章的主線及感彩。，文語境，首句中Cline’sthree-yearindictmentof“fastfashion”，可見“indictment”是Cline對待快速時(shí)尚的態(tài)度。所以根據(jù)該段末句中Clineargues這一關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)，理解末句含義便適應(yīng)于季節(jié)性節(jié)奏的整個(gè)行業(yè)?？梢奀line所有的態(tài)度是反向的，的。[A]“指控，譴責(zé)”符合題意，所以選為答案。另外，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞知識可知，indictment=in+dict+ment，其中的dict是常見詞根，意為“說，ment為名詞詞尾，in-為表示否定或加強(qiáng)意義的前綴，所以可初步猜測為跟“說”有關(guān)的意思。選項(xiàng)中只有[A]有“說”的意思，而且accusation=ac+cus+ation意為“。[B]正反。[C]選項(xiàng)本身錯(cuò)誤，議 ，的中心句?！具x項(xiàng)分[]項(xiàng)中vany可定位該最后一句但是選項(xiàng)中比較（[努力控其對勞力和環(huán)的影響所以不確[C]又是一項(xiàng)[D[]。【選項(xiàng)分析由文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知首段舉例引入時(shí)尚第二段引出文章主旨fastfashion并且了它對于時(shí)尚產(chǎn)業(yè)的破壞作用。第三四段通過數(shù)據(jù)和舉例進(jìn)一步例證fastfashion的弊端。第五六段可以采取的解決辦法：人們往往只有在無法支付的情況下才會進(jìn)行可持續(xù)性?？梢奻ast-fashion為文章的中心詞，且作者的態(tài)度是性的。所以[C]選項(xiàng)正確。[A]無中生有，文中從未提及。[B]曲解文意，high-fashion是文章首段引入時(shí)尚的局部信息，不是全文論述的主旨。盡管mass-market出現(xiàn)過，但文章并在2006年上映的穿Prada的女魔頭中由梅麗爾·斯扮演的米蘭達(dá)·普利斯特里責(zé)備了她那沒有的助手，是因?yàn)橹终J(rèn)為頂級時(shí)尚對她沒有影響。普淪落到廉價(jià)商品處理區(qū)。而在這里，的毫不猶豫地挑選了這件衣服。。ZaraH&M和Uniqlo這樣的大眾市場品牌能夠更迅速地應(yīng)對潮流，更精潤回收。那些商標(biāo)促使對時(shí)尚敏感的消費(fèi)者將服裝看作用品——只洗一兩次就扔掉，雖然他們并沒有做這樣的宣傳——并且每隔幾周更新衣櫥認(rèn)為，通過。，MichaelPollan所著的《雜食者的困境》這樣的消費(fèi)者暢銷書的一種回應(yīng)。大批量生產(chǎn)的衣服像快餐一樣，滿足了饑餓和需求，卻是非耐用品，而且是種浪費(fèi)”她發(fā)現(xiàn)人一年大約200億件衣服，平均每人64件，而且無論其花費(fèi)多少，這樣的過量置衣會造成浪費(fèi)。，，在《盛裝》的結(jié)尾，介紹了她心目中的典范，一個(gè)名叫SarahKateBeaumont2008年開始所有的衣服都自己制作，而且很漂亮。但是正如席琳首次提到的那樣，Beaumont花費(fèi)了幾十年來完善她制作衣服的手藝成功不是一，盡管一些快速時(shí)尚公司（H&MConsciousCollection系列）已經(jīng)成她對無論是在食品行業(yè)還是能源領(lǐng)域支持可持續(xù)性的提出了他們共同的理念。每個(gè)人都有虛榮心；人們往往只有在無法支付的情況下才會進(jìn)行可持續(xù)性的?！癰ehavioural”ads這兩句話互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的行為能瞄準(zhǔn)目標(biāo)顧客減少被浪費(fèi)掉的部分經(jīng)費(fèi)，由此可知，選項(xiàng)[B]“降低商的運(yùn)營成本”是正確答案。[B]是對第二句話的同義替lower對應(yīng)文中bereduced，operationalcoststhisfraction（halfofalladvertisingbudgets，選項(xiàng)用主動語態(tài)形式表達(dá)了原文的語態(tài)形式的句子。所以[B]【選項(xiàng)分析“Theindustry”所在句，theFTC和theDAA達(dá)成了共識：theindustry要對DNT做出迅速回應(yīng)，結(jié)合上下文語境可知，theindustry指代前文出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容：sInternetExplorerandApple sSafari“微軟的IE瀏覽器和蘋果的游獵瀏覽器”以及sChrome“谷歌的鉻黃瀏覽器”,也就是［D］表述的“網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器［B］【選項(xiàng)分析】根據(jù)題干中的BobLiodice，DNT和default可將答案定位在第五段文中的consumerswillbeworseoff的同義互換，所以[C]是正確答案。[A]正反，與第五段最后兩句所說的不是減少而是增加相反[B]與原文相全文主DNTsomemayignoreaDNTsignalandpresson置“追蹤”的初衷是為了保證人們的行為不被追蹤。由此可推知，""可能不會達(dá)到預(yù)期的目的。所以[A]項(xiàng)正確。[B]正反，第六段第一句提到“商們會對此作何反應(yīng)仍不清楚，而不是商愿意實(shí)施""。[C]正反，第六即DNT不會迫使商停止選項(xiàng)將文中stoptracking偷換為offerbehaviouralads，在博客：“我們認(rèn)為用戶應(yīng)該有更大的話語權(quán)。”最后一句Coulditreallybethat施的動機(jī)表示質(zhì)疑。所以[D]項(xiàng)正確。[A][B][C]都不符合題意，均可排除。供應(yīng)商）的價(jià)值。商們應(yīng)該試想人們愿意被追蹤并且被發(fā)送行為嗎？或商2010年12月份，的貿(mào)易提議將“”選項(xiàng)添加到網(wǎng)絡(luò)瀏覽器中，以便用戶能夠告訴商們他們不想被追蹤。微軟的IE瀏覽器