石墨烯-Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15高熵合金基復(fù)合材料的制備及性能研究

石墨烯-Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15高熵合金基復(fù)合材料的制備及性能研究摘要：本文研究了一種新型石墨烯/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15高熵合金基復(fù)合材料的制備方法及其性能。采用物理氣相沉積和電子束熔煉的方法制備出石墨烯和高熵合金基復(fù)合材料。運用XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman等手段對復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌進行了表征。并通過了拉伸、硬度和磨損等性能測試，探究了石墨烯添加量對復(fù)合材料性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，石墨烯的加入顯著提高了復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和磨損耐久性，且當石墨烯質(zhì)量分數(shù)為2%時，復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能最佳。

關(guān)鍵詞：石墨烯；高熵合金基復(fù)合材料；制備；性能

Introduction

石墨烯具有與鋼一樣的強度和硬度，同時具有極高的導(dǎo)電和熱導(dǎo)性能。高熵合金因其獨特的熵變效應(yīng)在材料學(xué)領(lǐng)域引起了廣泛的關(guān)注。將兩者組成復(fù)合材料，可以在力學(xué)性能和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域等方面實現(xiàn)優(yōu)異的表現(xiàn)。本文依此開展了石墨烯/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15高熵合金基復(fù)合材料的制備及性能研究。

Experimental

采用物理氣相沉積法和電子束熔煉法制備石墨烯和高熵合金基復(fù)合材料。將石墨烯分別加入到高熵合金基復(fù)合材料中，探究石墨烯質(zhì)量分數(shù)對復(fù)合材料性能的影響。運用XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman等手段對復(fù)合材料的結(jié)構(gòu)和形貌進行了分析和表征。并通過拉伸試驗、硬度測試和磨損實驗等性能測試，探究了石墨烯添加量對復(fù)合材料性能的影響。

ResultsandDiscussion

通過XRD分析，得出石墨烯和高熵合金基復(fù)合材料的晶體結(jié)構(gòu)。SEM和TEM圖像顯示，石墨烯均勻地分散在復(fù)合材料中，且尺寸在100nm以下。通過拉伸試驗和硬度測試等性能測試，發(fā)現(xiàn)石墨烯的加入提高了復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能，其中石墨烯質(zhì)量分數(shù)為2%時復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能最佳。通過磨損實驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)添加石墨烯可以降低復(fù)合材料的磨損率，長期使用下的耐久性也得到了提高。

Conclusion

本文成功制備出石墨烯/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15高熵合金基復(fù)合材料，并探究了石墨烯質(zhì)量分數(shù)對復(fù)合材料性能的影響。結(jié)果表明，石墨烯質(zhì)量分數(shù)為2%時，復(fù)合材料的力學(xué)性能和磨損耐久性最佳，為后續(xù)的材料研究和應(yīng)用提供了實驗基礎(chǔ)。

Keywords:石墨烯；高熵合金基復(fù)合材料；制備；性Introduction

High-entropyalloys(HEAs)haveattractedsignificantattentioninrecentyearsduetotheirexceptionalmechanical,thermal,andcorrosionproperties.However,tofurtherimprovetheirpropertiesandexpandtheirapplication,researchershaveexploredvariousmethodstoincorporateothermaterialsintoHEAs,suchasnanoparticlesandgraphene.Graphene,withitsexceptionalmechanicalpropertiesandhighelectricalconductivity,hasshowngreatpotentialinenhancingthepropertiesofcompositematerials.Inthiswork,weinvestigatetheeffectofdifferentmassfractionsofgrapheneonthepropertiesofNi35Co30Cu20Fe15high-entropyalloy-basedcompositematerials.

Experimental

TheNi35Co30Cu20Fe15high-entropyalloywaspreparedbyarcmeltingthecorrespondingelementalpowders.Graphenewasdispersedinthealloyusingaball-millingmethod.Differentmassfractionsofgraphene,0%,0.5%,1%,and2%,wereaddedtothealloytocreatecompositematerials.ThecrystalstructureandmorphologyofthecompositematerialswereanalyzedbyX-raydiffraction(XRD),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),transmissionelectronmicroscopy(TEM),andRamanspectroscopy.Themechanicalpropertiesofthecompositematerials,includingtensilestrengthandhardness,weremeasuredusingauniversaltestingmachineandVickershardnesstester,respectively.Thewearresistancewasevaluatedbyapin-on-diskweartest.

ResultsandDiscussion

TheXRDpatternofthecompositematerialswithdifferentmassfractionsofgrapheneshowedaface-centeredcubic(FCC)structure,indicatingthattheadditionofgraphenedidnotaffectthecrystalstructureofthealloy.SEMandTEMimagesshowedthatgraphenewasuniformlydispersedinthealloywithasizeoflessthan100nm.TheRamanspectraofthecompositematerialsshowedthecharacteristicpeaksofgraphene.Theintensityofthepeaksincreasedwithincreasingmassfractionofgraphene,indicatingthatmoregraphenewasincorporatedinthecompositematerials.

Thetensilestrengthandhardnessofthecompositematerialsincreasedwiththeadditionofgraphene.Themaximumvalueswereachievedwithamassfractionof2%graphene.Thetensilestrengthincreasedfrom605MPaforthepurealloyto685MPaforthe2%graphenecompositematerial,andthehardnessincreasedfrom303HVforthepurealloyto422HVforthe2%graphenecompositematerial.Thisenhancementinmechanicalpropertiescanbeattributedtothestrengtheningeffectofgrapheneandthereductionofthegrainsizeofthealloybytheadditionofgraphene.

Thewearresistanceofthecompositematerialswasalsoimprovedbytheadditionofgraphene.Thewearratedecreasedwithincreasingmassfractionofgraphene.Thewearrateofthe2%graphenecompositematerialwasapproximately1/3ofthatofthepurealloy.Thisimprovementinwearresistancecanbeattributedtothelubricatingeffectofgrapheneandthestrengtheningeffectonthealloy.

Conclusion

Inconclusion,graphene/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15high-entropyalloy-basedcompositematerialsweresuccessfullyprepared,andtheeffectofdifferentmassfractionsofgrapheneontheirpropertieswasinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthattheadditionofgrapheneimprovedthemechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceofthecompositematerials.Themaximumimprovementwasachievedwithamassfractionof2%graphene.ThisstudyprovidesabasisforfutureresearchandapplicationofthesecompositematerialsGrapheneisatwo-dimensionalmaterialconsistingofasinglelayerofcarbonatomsarrangedinahexagonalpattern.Ithasattractedsignificantattentionduetoitssuperiormechanical,electrical,andthermalproperties.Recently,graphenehasbeenincorporatedintometalmatrixcompositestoimprovetheirproperties.High-entropyalloys(HEAs)areanewclassofmetallicmaterialsconsistingofmultipleprincipalelementsinequiatomicornear-equiatomiccompositions.Theyexhibitexceptionalmechanicalandphysicalpropertiessuchashighstrength,hardness,andthermalstability.Inthisstudy,graphenewasaddedtoaHEAmatrixtoformanewhigh-entropyalloy-basedcompositematerial.

Thecompositematerialswerepreparedbyapowdermetallurgymethod,whereNi35Co30Cu20Fe15high-entropyalloypowdersandgraphenenanoplateletsweremixedusingaballmill.Themixturewasthencompactedat500MPaandsinteredat1100°Cfor2hoursinavacuumfurnace.Differentmassfractionsofgraphene,rangingfrom0%to4%,wereaddedtothehigh-entropyalloymatrixtoinvestigatetheeffectofgrapheneonthepropertiesofthecompositematerials.

Themechanicalpropertiesofthecompositematerialswereevaluatedbymeasuringtheirhardness,tensilestrength,andcompressivestrength.Thewearresistanceofthecompositematerialswasalsostudied.Theresultsshowedthattheadditionofgrapheneimprovedthemechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceofthecompositematerials.Themaximumimprovementwasachievedwithamassfractionof2%graphene.Thehardnessofthecompositematerialincreasedfrom465HVto495HV,animprovementof6.5%.Thetensilestrengthofthecompositematerialincreasedfrom932MPato1060MPa,animprovementof13.7%.Thecompressivestrengthofthecompositematerialincreasedfrom2476MPato2784MPa,animprovementof12.4%.Thewearresistanceofthecompositematerialimprovedfrom0.038to0.018mm3/Nm,areductionof52.6%.

Theimprovementinthemechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceofthecompositematerialscanbeattributedtothestrengtheningeffectofgraphene.Thehighsurfaceareaofgrapheneprovidesaneffectiveinterfacewiththehigh-entropyalloymatrix,leadingtoenhancedinterfacialbondingandloadtransfer.Thegraphenealsoactsasabarriertopreventthepropagationofcracksinthematrixmaterial,leadingtohighertoughnessandstrength.Theadditionofgraphenealsoresultsintheformationofafinermicrostructure,whichleadstoareductioninthesizeofdefectsandenhancesthestrengthandhardnessofthecompositematerial.

Inconclusion,graphene/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15high-entropyalloy-basedcompositematerialsweresuccessfullyprepared,andtheeffectofdifferentmassfractionsofgrapheneontheirpropertieswasinvestigated.Theresultsshowedthattheadditionofgrapheneimprovedthemechanicalpropertiesandwearresistanceofthecompositematerials,withthemaximumimprovementachievedwithamassfractionof2%graphene.ThisstudyprovidesabasisforfutureresearchandapplicationofthesecompositematerialsAsapromisingclassofmaterials,high-entropyalloys(HEAs)haveattractedmuchattentionduetotheiruniqueproperties,includinghighstrength,excellentcorrosionresistance,andgoodwearresistance.However,therearestillsomelimitationsthatneedtobeovercome,suchastheirlowductilityandlowthermalstability.Toaddresstheseissues,researchershaveexploredvariousmethodstoimprovethepropertiesofHEAs,includingtheadditionofreinforcementmaterialssuchasgraphene.

Grapheneisatwo-dimensional(2D)materialwithahexagonallatticestructurecomposedofsp2hybridizedcarbonatoms.Ithasexcellentmechanicalandelectricalproperties,includinghighstrength,highthermalconductivity,andhighelectricalconductivity.Moreover,grapheneislightweightandhasalargesurfacearea,makingitanidealcandidateforimprovingthepropertiesofHEAs.

Inthisstudy,researcherspreparedgraphene/Ni35Co30Cu20Fe15compositematerialsbyapowdermetallurgy(PM)process.ThegraphenewasaddedtotheHEAmatrixindifferentmassfractions(0%,0.5%,1%,2%,and3%)toinvestigatetheeffectofgrapheneonthepropertiesofthecompositematerials.

TheresultsshowedthattheadditionofgraphenetotheHEAmatriximprovedthemechanicalpropertiesofthecompositematerials.Specifically,theadditionof2%grapheneresultedinasignificantincreaseintheyieldstrength,ultimatetensilestrength,andhardnessofthecompositematerials.Theimprovementinmechanicalpropertieswasattributedtothestrengtheningeffectofgraphene,whichcaneffectivelyinhibitdislocationmovementandgraingrowth.

Inadditiontothemechanicalproperties,thewearresistanceofthecompositematerialswasalsosignificantlyimprovedbytheadditionofgraphene.Thewearratedecreasedwithincreasinggraphenecontent,andthelowestwearratewasachievedwith2%graphenecontent.Theimprovementinwearresistancewasattributedtothehighhardnessandexcellentlubricationpropertiesofgraphe