高考語法填空巧解-動詞篇

高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇語法填空第一部分：動詞一．謂語時(shí)態(tài)判斷方法：1）找標(biāo)記詞/固定句式；2）若無標(biāo)記詞，再看語境（上下文其余謂語時(shí)態(tài)）；注：注意每個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的定義；1.依據(jù)標(biāo)記詞①看到always，usually，often，sometimes，everyweek(day，year，month...)，onceaweek(day，year，month...)，onSundays等時(shí)間狀語，想到一般此刻時(shí)；②看到y(tǒng)esterday，last＋時(shí)間(如1ast＋week，month.year，Monday等)，in＋過去的年份，時(shí)間＋ago(如afewminutesago，twoweeksago，yearsago等)，theageof，theotherday，onceuponatime，時(shí)間段＋later等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般過去時(shí)；③看到tomorrow，nextday(week，month，year...)，soon，thedayaftertomorrow，in＋時(shí)間段(intwohours，inafewminutes等)，inthefuture等時(shí)間段，要想到用一般未來時(shí)；④看到now，atthistime，atthismoment，look，listen，atpresent，thesedays，thisweek等標(biāo)記詞，要想到用此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)；⑤看到for＋一段時(shí)間，since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)，since＋時(shí)間段＋ago，eversince，sofar，ever，never，just，yet，lately，recently，uptonow，in/during/overthepast/last＋一段時(shí)間，要想到用此刻完成時(shí)；⑥看到by/before/bytheendof/bythetimeof＋過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。2.依據(jù)語境（上下文）Tomydelight，I_____waschosen_________(choose)fromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.1.Steamengines(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.(2017全國II)1/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇2.Later,engineers(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(地道),whichbecameknowntothetube.(2017全國II)3.Pahlssonandherhusband(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.(2017浙江)Sarahsays,"MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemoment,school(come)first.(2017全國III)5.We(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.(2014廣東)6.Thegiantpanda(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.(2016四川)7.However,itstayedwithherandleanedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother(drive)theyoungpandaaway.(2016四川)8.He(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.（2011廣東）Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane(inform).10.Thiscycle(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset（抵消）fortheoutsidetemperatures.(2015全國II)1.es5.weretold6.isloved7.drove8.waspretending9.wasinformed10.goes3.固定句式①看到nosooner...than...或hardly...when...，要想到主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)；②看到并列連詞when，要想到與was/weredoing連用；③看到It/This/Thatis＋形容詞最高等序數(shù)詞＋that從句，要想到從句用此刻完成時(shí)；④看到It/This/Thatwas＋序數(shù)詞＋that從句，要想到從句用過去完成時(shí)；⑤看到It/Thisis＋最高等十名詞＋that從句，要想到從句用此刻完成時(shí)；⑥看到“祈使句＋and/or＋陳說句”，要想到陳說句用一般未來時(shí)。bythetime+一般此刻時(shí)，未來完成時(shí)；bythetime+一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)；It'ssaidthatthisisthefirsttimethepainting_____hasbeenshown_______________(show)tothepublic，whichattractsmanypeople.ItgoeswithoutsayingthatthisisthebestplaceI_____havebeen______(be)to.Yesterday，I_____waswaiting____________(wait)forbuswhentherainstartedtocomedown.④Putyourheartintostudy，andyou______willmake________(make)alotofprogresssoon.2/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇4.理清邏輯關(guān)系——（判斷主被動方法：及物動詞后無賓語則為被動）各種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成(以do為例)被動語態(tài)一般此刻時(shí)am/is/aredone一般過去時(shí)was/weredone一般未來時(shí)shall/willbedone此刻進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdone過去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdone此刻完成時(shí)have/hasbeendone過去完成時(shí)hadbeendone未來完成時(shí)shall/willhavebeendone不可以用被動語態(tài)的動詞和短語①不及物動詞(短語)沒有賓語，故不可以用于被動語態(tài)。takeplace，cometrue，comeabout，breakout，appear，happen，disappear，last，arise等。②表示主語特色的詞，如read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock，break，catch，cut，drive，open等，常與not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副詞連用。③系動詞如appear，be，become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seemsmell，sound，stay，taste，turn等不可以用于被動語態(tài)。3/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇1）(2016·江蘇高考改編)Moreefforts，asreported，_______willbemade___(make)intheyearsaheadtoaccelerate（促進(jìn)）thesupplysidestructurereform.2）(2017·江蘇高考)Hehurriedhome，neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe_____wasbeingfollowed(follow)．3）Somepeopleeatwiththeireyes.Theyprefertoorderwhat__looks______(look)nice.4）Becauseoftheheavysnow，aseriousaccident____happened_______(happen)tothefamily.5）Thefamousmusician，aswellashisstudents,___wasinvited_____(invite)toperformattheopeningceremonyofthe8thChinaFlowerExpo.6）Aneedleandthread__was__given__(give)toher，butshecouldnotsew(縫紉)thebuttonon.5.主謂一致：主語是單數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動詞就用單數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。語法一致原則①當(dāng)and連接兩個(gè)或多個(gè)名詞，或both...and...連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。②主語后有with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，nolessthan，ratherthan，including，besides，like，except，but等詞或短語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由主語的單復(fù)數(shù)形式?jīng)Q定。③“anumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；“thenumberof＋名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。④定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who，which等作主語時(shí)，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。⑤不定式或動名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。比方：Readingislearning.讀書就是學(xué)習(xí)。⑥在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與以后的主語保持一致。(7)不定代詞anyone,somebody,everything,nothing,each作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例句：IfanyoneseesLisa,askhertocallme.(8)n.復(fù)數(shù)+each作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。比方：Thestudentseachhaveanapple.（each是同位語，主語是thestudents）※注意：eachof+n.復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。比方：Eachofthestudentshasanapple.4/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇(9)all作主語：指人用復(fù)數(shù)，指物用單數(shù)。例句：Allareequalbeforethelaw.（指人）Alliswellthatendswell.（結(jié)局好就全部都好，指物/現(xiàn)象）※注意：allof+n.，謂語與n.保持一致。例句：All(of)themoneyismine.All(of)hisfriendsarepoor.(10)manya+n.作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。例句：Manyapageinthisbookismissing.(11)時(shí)間，重量，距離，價(jià)格，體積等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)做主語，平時(shí)看作是整體，謂語用單數(shù)。例句：Twentyyearsisalongtimeinone’slife.20,000dollarsisnotasmallsumofmoney.(12)分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/half/therest/mostof+n.作主語，謂語和of后的n.保持一致。例句：Mostofthestudentsaregoingtoplaytennis.Aboutonethirdofwheatcropwasruinedbytheflood.(13)kind（form,type,sort,species,series...）of修飾主語時(shí)，謂語與這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)一致。例句：Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.意義一致原則即謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式要看主語所表達(dá)的看法。①由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞，假如是指同一看法(即and后邊無冠詞)，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。②表示金錢、價(jià)格、時(shí)間、長度等復(fù)數(shù)名詞及詞組作主語時(shí)，一般被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。③集體名詞(如family，team，crowd，company，class，group，government等)假如表示整體看法，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；假如表示集體中的成員，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。5/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇就近一致原則①由either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)．..，not...but...或or連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動詞與較近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。②Therebe...和Herebe...這兩個(gè)句式中的be動詞常與近來的主語在數(shù)上保持一致。（3）營救一致原則aswellas,like,with,togetherwith,alongwith,ratherthan,but,except...并列兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)，與前一個(gè)保持一致(2017·溫州一模)Itwastheboy，ratherthanhisteachers，that__was______(be)toblameforwhathehaddone.(2017·雙鴨山一模)Thenumberoftrafficaccidentsthathappenindevelopingcountries_____is___(be)increasing.Toadisabledperson，even50meters_____is___(be)alongdistancetocover.Itisreportedthatthere____are____(be)goingtobeheavystormsinthecomingmonth.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary___are_____(be)tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.⑥Atyesterday'sparty，thenumberofpeopleinvited____was____(be)fifty，butanumberofthem____were____(be)absentfordifferentreasons.⑦(2017·天津高考)Nowadays，cycling，alongwithjoggingandswimming，_______isregarded______(regard)asoneofthebestall-roundformsofexercise.(8)Weeach____have____(have)strongpoints，buteachofusontheotherhand___has_____(have)weakpoints.6.虛假語氣(所描述的狀況與事實(shí)不相切合)1．非真實(shí)條件句中虛假語氣的用法表示虛假的時(shí)間If從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式與此刻事實(shí)相反did/werewould/should/coulddo與過去事實(shí)相反haddonewould/could/shouldhavedone與未來事實(shí)可能相反weretodo/didwould/should/coulddo6/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇例句：Wewouldbebackinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlose北the京map).(2014IfMr.Deweyhadbeenpresent,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.(2014湖南)Gracedoesn’twanttomovetoNewYorkbecauseshethinksifsheweretolivethere,shewouldn’tbeabletoseeherparentsveryoften.(2012安徽)2.錯(cuò)綜虛假語氣_______________________________________（主句與從句對不一樣時(shí)間虛假）MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.3.虛假語氣在委宛條件句中的用法_______________________________________（標(biāo)記詞：butfor,or,otherwise,without）Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.4.虛假語氣做題方法：1）判斷能否虛假；——if條件句/委宛條件標(biāo)記詞2）區(qū)分主從句；3）確立虛假時(shí)間；——此刻/過去/未來【過關(guān)檢測】1.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHaroldusaridehome.A.didn’teroffB.wouldn’tofferC.hasn’tofferedD.hadn’toffered2.—DoyouthinkGeorgehaspassedthedrivingtest?—No.Ifso,hehiscartoourcollegeyesterday.(2013福建)A.woulddriveB.droveC.wouldhavedrivenD.haddriven3.IshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious.(2013江蘇)A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought4.—Itrainedcatsanddogsthismorning.I’mgladwetookanumbrella.—Yeah,wewouldhavegotwetalloverifwe.(2013重慶)A.hadn’tB.haven'tC.didn'tD.don't5.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfItime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had6.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewemoreplacesofinterestyesterday.(2012福建)A.visitedB.hadvisitedC.wouldvisitD.wouldhavevisited7/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇7.IsoonerbutIdidn’thatknowtheywerewaitingforme.(2011天津)A.hadcomeB.wascomingC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome8.Hadtheyknownwhatwascomingnext,theysecondthoughts.A.mayhaveB.couldhaveC.musthavehadD.mighthavehad9.MaybeifIscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(2011北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying10.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichtheyawayinthepast.A.hadthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrown(2).虛假語氣在名詞性從句中的應(yīng)用1).asif/asthough,wish,wouldrather（同if條件句）與此刻事實(shí)相反：______________與過去事實(shí)相反：______________與未來事實(shí)相反：_____________ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifIhaddoneit?—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishtheyweren’talwayslate.(北2011京)Wewouldratherourdaughterstayedathomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陜西).should型___________________________________________________________"Itis+形容詞/名詞/動詞-ed形式+that..."形容詞：important,necessary,urgent,essential,vital,natural,strange,proper等動詞-ed形式：arranged,suggested,ordered,required,desired,demanded,proposed等①在suggest(建議)，order(命令)，propose(建議)，insist(堅(jiān)持要做)，command(命令)，request(要求)，advise(建議)等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用"should+動詞原形"(美國英語常省略should)。Mymomsuggeststhatweshouldeatoutforachangethisweekend.(2013陜西)Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.(2010福建)注意：suggest表示：表示，示意時(shí)用陳說語氣Hissmileonhisfacesuggestedthathehadpassedtheexam.8/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇3)定語從句中的虛假語氣Itis(high/about)time+that從句It’s(highbout)/atimethat+主語+did/shoulddoIt’stimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.【過關(guān)檢測】1.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifityesterday.(2006全國)A.washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened2.Ellenisafantasticdancer.IwishIaswellasher.(2015陜西)A.danceB.willdanceC.haddancedD.danced3.Ifwetheotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken4.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhemoreonitsculture.(2010江蘇)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused5.Don’thandlethevaseasifitmadeofsteel.(2012北京)A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen6.IwishIatmysister’sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.(2015天津)A.willbeB.wouldbeC.havebeenD.hadbeen7.Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwenowheretostaynow.(2015安徽)A.hadB.hadhadC.wouldhaveD.wouldhavehad8.Ifmycarmorereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.(2012陜西)A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe9.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy.A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved10.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexamattheageofsixmonthsold.(2013浙江)A.wasB.beC.wereD.is7.非謂語1.非謂語動詞作定語(1)非謂語動詞作定語時(shí)，表示未來時(shí)要想到用不定式。Ihavemanyletterstowritetomorrowafternoon.我明日下午有好多信要寫。9/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇非謂語動詞作定語時(shí)，表正在進(jìn)行或主動進(jìn)行時(shí)要想到用此刻分詞。Theboyplayingintheplaygroundismybrother.正在操場上嬉戲的那個(gè)小男孩是我弟弟。(3)非謂語動詞作定語時(shí)，表示已經(jīng)完成或被動完成時(shí)要想到用過去分詞。Thetreesblowndowninthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.在風(fēng)暴中被刮倒的樹木已被移出道路。2．非謂語動詞作狀語(1)非謂語動詞作目的狀語、預(yù)料以外的結(jié)果狀語或某些形容詞(表喜、怒、哀、樂)表語后的原由狀語時(shí)，要想到用不定式。Firemenhadtobreakintoreachthepeopletrappedinside.為了急救困在屋里的人，消防人員不得不破門而入。非謂語動詞作時(shí)間狀語、陪同狀語、原由狀語、條件狀語或預(yù)料之中的結(jié)果狀語時(shí)，假如動詞和邏輯主語存在主動關(guān)系，要想到用此刻分詞。Hecomeshomelateeveryevening，makinghiswifeveryangry.他每天回來得很晚，這使他的老婆很生氣。(表結(jié)果)非謂語動詞作時(shí)間狀語、原由狀語、條件狀語時(shí)，假如動詞和邏輯主語存在被動關(guān)系，要想到用過去分詞。Borninapoorfamily，Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.因?yàn)槌錾谪毨Ъ彝ィ{迪亞只上過兩年學(xué)。(表原由)3．非謂語動詞作補(bǔ)語(1)非謂語動詞在使役動詞have，let，make等后邊時(shí)，要想到接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Ilikethefilmbecauseitcanmakemelaugh.我喜愛這部電影，因?yàn)樗茏屛倚Α?2)非謂語動詞在感官動詞(短語)see，watch，observe，notice，lookat，hear，listento，feel等后邊時(shí)要想到接省去to的不定式或動詞-ing形式作其賓語補(bǔ)足語，動詞不定式表示動作的全過程，動詞-ing形式表示動作正在進(jìn)行。Ioftenseesomeboysplayfootballatnoon.我常常看到一些男孩子正午踢足球。非謂語動詞在have，keep，leave，find，catch，send等動詞后且表示主動時(shí)，要想到用動詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Shekeptmewaitingforover20minutes.(4)非謂語動詞在want，like，wish，order，have，make，get，keep，leave，see，hear，find，feel，notice，observe，watch等動詞后且表被動時(shí)，要想到用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Iwillhavethemachinescheckedbeforework.工作前我會把機(jī)器檢查一下。10/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇4．非謂語動詞作主語(1)非謂語動詞作主語表示抽象動作，要想到用動名詞。Smokingisprohibitedhere.這里嚴(yán)禁抽煙。非謂語動詞作主語表示詳盡動作，要想到用不定式。Tosmokesomuchisnotverygoodforyourhealth.你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。不定式作主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.我只花了五分鐘的時(shí)間就完成了這項(xiàng)工作。5．非謂語動詞作賓語(1)非謂語動詞作動詞賓語時(shí)，要想到用動名詞或不定式(此內(nèi)容詳盡見解題技法4)。非謂語動詞作介詞賓語時(shí)，要想到用動名詞。Onemorning，Iwaswaitingatthebusstop，worriedaboutbeinglateforschool.一天清早，我在公共汽車站等車，擔(dān)憂上學(xué)遲到了。6．非謂語動詞作表語非謂語動詞作表語表示詳盡動作，特別是表示未來的動作，要想到用動詞不定式。Hiswishistomakehisdreamcometrueinthenearfuture，他的夢想是在不遠(yuǎn)的未來實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢想。非謂語動詞作表語，表示抽象的一般性的行為，要想到用動名詞。Ourworkisservingthepeople.我們的工作是為人民服務(wù)。(3)非謂語動詞作表語，表示“令人的”，要想到用此刻分詞；表示“主語的感覺”，要想到用過去分詞。ThestorysoundsinterestingandI'minterestedinit.這個(gè)故事聽起來很風(fēng)趣，我對它很感興趣。(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Skilledworkersalsocombinevarioushardwoodsandmetal_____tocreate______(create)specialdesigns.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent，atravelcompanyinHongKong，saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople__living_____(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers___conducted___________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.11/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty，whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheirabilityto“aircondition”ahousewithout__using_____(use)electricequipment.Beforedrivingintothecity，youarerequiredtogetyourcar__washed_____(wash)．看清邏輯主語動詞need，require，want作“需要”講時(shí)，以后要用動名詞的主動語態(tài)或不定式的被動語態(tài)作賓語，有此同樣用法的動詞還有deserve“值得”。形容詞worth后接動名詞的主動形式表示被動意義。3．不定式toblame，tolet等作表語時(shí)，用主動表示被動Nobodyistoblameforit.誰也不應(yīng)埋怨。(2017·豐臺一模)WheneverI’mintrouble，Ihearavoice_ringing______(ring)inmyhead，“Youcandoit.”(2015·重慶高考改編)Likeancientsailors，birdscanfindtheirway__using_____(use)thesunandthestars.AfterIenteredtheroom.Isawhim___lying____(lie)ontheground.______Surrounded_______(surround)byhisstudents，theteacherwentintothelab.辨清形式若非謂語動詞表示的動作是未來要發(fā)生的，要想到用不定式的一般式。Hetoldmetocleantheblackboard.他告訴我擦黑板。若與謂語動詞表示的動作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，要想到用此刻分詞Hesatthere，playinggames.他坐在那處玩游戲。若在謂語動詞表示的動作從前發(fā)生，要想到用此刻分詞、不定式或動名詞的完成式。Havingbeentheremanytimes，sheknowstheplacequitewell.因?yàn)橐讶ミ^那處好多次了，她非常熟習(xí)那個(gè)地方。I'msorryforhavingkeptyouwaiting.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Theadobedwellings(土坯房)__built_____(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeventhemostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.______Exposing__________(expose)tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoyourskin.③AsfarasIamconcerned，hissuggestionisworth__considering__________(consider)．It'sagreathonour_____tobeinvited_________(invite)toMary'sbirthdayparty.12/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇牢記固定搭配1．若非謂語動詞作以下動詞或動詞短語的賓語，則只能用動名詞：喜愛考慮不行免(enjoy，consider，avoid)不由放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(cannothelp，giveup，risk)感謝認(rèn)可很值得(appreciate，admit，beworth)反對想象莫遲延(mind，imagine，delay，putoff)贊同完成是期望(allow，finish，lookforwardto)建議保持勤操練(suggest，keep，practice)致力諒解要堅(jiān)持(bedevotedto，excuse，insiston)連續(xù)成功不錯(cuò)過(keepon，succeedin，miss)2．若非謂語動詞作以下動詞的賓語，則只能用不定式：一準(zhǔn)備(prepare)、二決定(decide，determine)、三要求(ask，demand，request)、四希望(desire，expect，hope，wish)；供給計(jì)劃(offer，plan，intend)；想法學(xué)會(manage，learn)；未能選擇(fail，choose)；只能央求(beg)；拒絕答應(yīng)(refuse，promise)；假裝贊同(pretend，agree)。3．3．若非謂語動詞作以下動詞或動詞短語的賓語補(bǔ)足語，則只能用不定式：advise，allow，cause，beg，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，invite，inform，order，persuade，permit，urge，want，warn，appealto，dependon，waitfor等。4.注意：1）若謂語動詞為remember,forget,regret,mean,try,goon注意可搭配動名詞和不定式；（2）若動名詞或不定式作賓語，且有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用it作形式賓語；（3）with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中賓語補(bǔ)足語的比較：with+sb/sthdoing(表主動，進(jìn)行)with+sth.done(被動，已完成)with+sth.todo(表未來)5．有些永久固定的非謂語動詞形式的結(jié)構(gòu)：consideringthat鑒于，考慮到；judgingby/from向來看；supposing/providing/provided/assumingthat...假設(shè)，假設(shè)；comparedwith/to與對比等。6．若非謂語動詞在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，則只能用不定式：so...asto...；such...asto...；enoughto...；too...to...；the＋序數(shù)詞/next/only/last＋名詞＋todo...以及it＋take＋時(shí)間＋todosth.等結(jié)構(gòu)。13/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇(2014·全國卷Ⅱ)Still，theboykept___riding_____(ride)．Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Ittookyearsofwork____toreduce_______(reduce)industrialpollutionandcleanthewater.③Withsomanychildren___talking_____(talk)loudly，Icouldn'tsettledowntomywork.④___Judging_____(judge)fromhisworriedlook，hemusthavefailedintheentranceexam.助動詞1．助動詞do/does/did主要幫助構(gòu)成疑問句、否定句及部分倒裝。助動詞do/does/did后只能跟動詞原形，助動詞不可以用作實(shí)義動詞。2．助動詞be/being/been主要幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和各種被動語態(tài)。需注意be固然沒有實(shí)質(zhì)意義，但倒是結(jié)構(gòu)中不行缺乏的。3．助動詞have/has/had主若是幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。需注意其構(gòu)成形式have/has/haddone和have/has/hadbeendoing。(1)(2017·州適應(yīng)性測試貴)WhataboutJapanese?Theydislikethelotusand___do_____notgiveitasagifttoJapanesebecausetheyregarditasthemourningflower.(2)Shedoesn’tdo_______(do)herhomeworkinthemorningbutintheevening.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1周邊時(shí)態(tài)混用(2017·青島一模)China____hasspent______(spend)alotofmoneyonsuchresearchoverthepastyears.(母題變式)China____hadspent_________(spend)alotofmoneyonsuchresearchbeforeTuYouyougainedtheaward.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2語境信息掌握嚴(yán)禁(2017·東城一模)Themanager____isleaving_______(leave)forLondonforabusinessconferencethisafternoon.Canyougethimtotheairport?(母題變式)Themanager______hasleft____(leave)forLondonforabusinessconferencealready.Canyouvisithimwhenhecomesback?易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3把其余成分看作主語Itisreportedthatthesewaystogrowmoretreesinthedesert___are_____(be)veryeffective.(母題變式)Itisreportedthatfindingwaystogrowmoretreesinthedesert_____is___(be)hislifegoal.14/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4混淆邏輯主語(2017·西城一模)____Seen____(see)fromthispoint，theproblempresentsnoeasysolution.(母題變式)___Seeing_____(see)fromthispoint，wefindnoeasysolutiontotheproblem.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5混淆謂語和非謂語(2017·惠州三模)Attheendof2015，Chinahadapopulationof1.37billionpeople，atotalof800millionofthem_being_____(be)employed.②(母題變式)Attheendof2015，Chinahadapopulationof1.37billionpeople，atotalof800millionofwhom____were____(be)employed.(母題變式)Attheendof2015，Chinahadapopulationof1.37billionpeople，andatotalof800millionofthem___were_____(be)employed.易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6混淆非謂語動詞的形式Thebuilding_____beingbuilt______(build)nowwillbeaFrench-stylerestaurant.(母題變式)Thebuilding_tobebuilt__________(build)nextyearwillbeaFrench-stylerestaurant.(母題變式)Thebuilding____built____(build)lastyearisaFrench-stylerestaurant.1.單句練習(xí)(2016·四川高考)For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomething___toeat_____(eat)!Fiveyearslater，Earhartbecamethefirstwoman_tomake_______(make)theflight.(2014·遼寧高考)Keep___holding_____(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.O·Henrywasapenname__used______(use)byanAmericanwriterofshortstories.?Thereweremanypeople__waiting______(wait)atthebusstop，andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.Anxiously，shetookthedressoutofthepackageandtriediton，only___tofind_____(find)itdidn'tfit.___devoted_____(devote)totheresearch，hespendslittletimegettingtogetherwithhisfamily.(2017·天津高考)Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting，asIhadatrain_tocatch_______(catch)．15/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇Ⅰ.單句練習(xí)Moresubwaylines___willbebuilt___________(build)tomaketravellingeasyinBeijinginthecomingyears.Sinceitsstart，WeChat__hasdeveloped___________(develop)intothemostpopularmessagingcommunicationserviceinChina.Thefatheraswellashisthreechildren___goes_____(go)skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.Mygrandpahasbeenenjoyinggoodhealtheversincehe___stopped_______(stop)smoking.Myuncle__lived______(live)inTaiwanfor20years.Nowhehassettleddowninthemainland.?EveryDecemberNobelPrizes_____areawarded__________(award)topeoplewhohavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworld.?Hewasunhappywhenhesoldhisviolin.Afterall，he___had______(have)itforaverylongtime.?Theprofessorhasjustfinishedwritingabookandit_____willbepublished___________(publish)beforelong.Ⅱ.易錯(cuò)練習(xí)：注意以下動詞的不規(guī)則變化Heopenedthedoor，__took______(take)offhiscoatandwentintothekitchen.He__wrote______(write)aletterwhereheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.Satellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives.Forexample，theinformationforweatherforecasts__issent________(send)bysatellites.Thedogwasveryhappy，and__ate______(eat)themeatupatonce.Thepicturesdisplayedonthewall____werechosen_____________(choose)fromthousandsofstudents.Ⅲ.語篇練習(xí)：用合適的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)填空。EveryApril，there1.__is______(be)aspecialdaywhenpeoplerememberandhonortheirancestors.It2.__iscalled______(call)TombSweepingDay，alsoknownasQingmingFestival.TombSweepingDayisatraditionalChinesefestival.It3.___began_____(begin)over2,000yearsago.AlotofpoemsaboutQingming4.____hadbeenwritten__(write)bytheendoftheTangDynasty.Awell-knownpoembytheTangDynastypoetDuMu5.___describes_______(describe)theday:“RainsfallheavilyasQingmingcomes，andpassersbywithloweredspiritsgo.”TombSweepingDay6.__hasbeen______(be)apublicholidayontheChinesemainlandsince2008.Onthisday，familiesbringflowers，foodandwinetotheirancestors'tombs.Foodlike16/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇cakesandfruits7.__isput______(put)infrontofthetombs.That'sbecausepeoplethinkthatvisitingtombsduringQingmingFestival8.___is_____(be)toshowrespecttotheirdeadfamilymembers.However，TombSweepingDayisnotonlyaboutthis.Duringthattime，theweather9._____isgetting______(get)warm.SoTombSweepingDayalsomeansfinallybeingabletogardenandenjoyoutdooractivitiesinChina.ItisnotclearwhetherthesewaysofcelebratingTombSweepingDay10.___willbechanged_____________(change)inthefuture.Ⅱ.語篇練習(xí)：用合適的非謂語形式填空BuyingbooksontheInternetisagreatway1.____tosave____(save)timeandmoney.Onlinebookstoresoffernewbooksand2.____used____(use)booksthatcansaveyoualotofmoney.What'smore，theyarefarbetter3.___compared________(compare)totraditionalbookstoresastheyoffermuchbroaderkindsofbooks.Youcaneitherclickthekindofe-bookonlineortypethebooktitleandgetitinseconds.Anotheradvantageof4.__shopping________(shop)onlineisthatyoucanalsoreadthebookreviewsaswellasreaders'reviewstogetanideawhetherthebookisworth5.__buying______(buy)．Onlinebookstoresoffergreatdiscounts，whichisabigattractionforbooklovers.Forbooklovers，itismostimportant6.____toget____(get)booksintime.Therefore，youneedtofindareliableonlinebookstorethatwillbeable7.____toprovide_______(provide)fastdeliveries.Herearesometipstousewhen8.__selecting______(select)anonlinebookstore.Someonlinebookstoresarepopularforfictionbooks;somearefornon-fictionbooksornovels，etc...9.____understanding________(understand)theirspecializationwillhelpyougettherightkindsofbooksintime.Checkwhetheryouwillbebuyingthebooksfromathird-partysellerordirectlyfromthewebsites.Neverjumpatstoresthatoffercheapprices，asbooks10.___sold_____(sell)atsuchlowpricescouldbeinverybadcondition.Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)1.asamethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside2.effects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3.toprocess(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt4.areremoved(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5.aresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6.worse(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7.is(be)17/19高考語法填空巧解——?jiǎng)釉~篇fulloffatandsalt;by8.eating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.Havingenoughfatandsaltinyourmealswillreducetheurgetosnack(吃點(diǎn)心)betweenmealsandwillimprovethetasteofyourfood.However,be9.careful(care)nottogotoextremes.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,10.whichisnotgoodforthehealth.1Longtimeago，aboy____1.named____(name)BobmetanewfriendinQQ，sheisLarry.LarryworkswithTransportDrivers.Inc.Onemorningin2009，Larrywastravelingalong165northafterdeliveringtooneofhiscustomerswhenhesawacar____2.with____itsbrightlightson.Ashegoteven____3.closer____(close)，hefoundanothervehicleupsidedownontheroad.Onemorelook____4.and____henoticedfireshootingout____5.repeatedly____(repeat)fromunderthedisabledvehicle.Larrypulledover，setthebrakeandgotholdofthefireextinguisher(滅火器)．Twogoodbursts(爆炸)fromtheextinguisherandthefire____6.were_put____(put)out.ThemanwhohadhisbrightlightsoncameoverandtoldLarryhehadmadeacall.Theythenheardawoman'svoicecomingfromthedamagedvehicle.____7.Approaching(approach)thevehicle，theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.Theytoldhertostaystill，butshethoughtthecarwas