江西省2020年中考英語試題（原卷版）

中小學教學參考資料教學設計教育論文隨堂檢測江西省2020年中等學校招生考試英語試題卷說明：1.全卷滿分120分，考試時間120分鐘。2.請將答案寫在答題卡上，否則不給分。一、聽力測試現(xiàn)在是試聽時間。請聽一段對話，然后回答問題。Whatistheboygoingtobuy?A.Somejuice.B.Someoranges.C.Someapples.答案是C。A)請聽下面8段對話。每段對話后有一小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。聽完每段對話后，你都將有10秒鐘的時間回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀兩遍。1.Whatisthemandoing?A.Heishavingdinner.B.Heishavingaclass.C.Heisplanninghisvacation.2.Howistheweathertoday?A.Cool.B.Hot.C.Cold.3.Whendidthewomangotothenewrestaurant?A.Lastnight.B.Lastweek.C.Twodaysago.4WhereareTom’sparentsgoingfortheMid—AutumnFestival?A.Tohisbrother’shome.B.Tohishome.C.Tohissister’shome.5.What'swrongwiththeman?A.Hehasafever.B.Hehasasorethroat.C.Hehasatoothache.6.WhywillBillgotothepartylater?A.Becausehewalkstotheparty.B.BecauseheneedstopickupGina.C.BecausehehastowaitforJenny.7.Howmuchmoneywillthewomangiveaway?A.$50.B.$950.C.$1,000.8.Whatdoesthegirlmean?A.Thebookisexpensive.B.Thebookisheavy.C.Thebookisinteresting.B)請聽下面5段材料。每段材料后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。聽每段材料前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段材料讀兩遍。請聽第1段材料，回答第9、10小題。9.WhenwillNancygotothemovies?A.OnFriday.B.OnSaturday.C.OnSunday.10.HowwillNancygothere?A.Onfoot.B.Bybike.C.Bycar.請聽第2段材料，回答第11、12小題。11.WhatdoesMikethinkofthesofa?A.Itscoloursaretoobright.B.Itlooksgoodwiththebed.C.Itsshapeisperfectforthebedroom.12.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.Thewallsarelightyellow.B.Lucylikesbrown.C.Theyhaveboughtthesofa.請聽第3段材料，回答第13至第15小題。13.WhatisLindadoing?A.Sheissinging.B.Sheislisteningtomusic.C.SheiswatchingTV.14.Howisthefirstsongtheytalkabout?A.Soft.B.Loud.C.Sad.15.WhatcanweknowaboutthebandTheSky?A.Theyareveryfamous.B.Theyhavemadeafewrecords.C.TheywillhaveaconcertinAugust.請聽第4段材料，回答第16至第18小題。16.WheredoesKatewanttowork?A.Onaplane.B.Atschool.C.Onaship.17.WhatlanguagecanKatespeak?A.FrenchandEnglish.B.FrenchandChinese.C.ChineseandEnglish.18.Whatcanwegetfromtheconversation?A.Kateoftengoesforavacation.B.Ericlovestakingcareofpeople.C.Ericwantstobeatravelwriter.請聽第5段材料，回答第19至第22小題。19.WhenistheArtFestival?A.OnJune15th.B.OnJuly5th.C.OnJuly25th.20.WherewilltheArtFestivalbeheld?A.AtArtCenter.B.AtCenterPark.C.AtHillCity.21.WhowillbeinvitedtotheArtFestival?A.Youngpianists.B.Youngdancers.C.Youngpainters.22.Whatcanwegetfromthemonologue?A.Thefestivallaststhreehours.B.Youcanpaintpicturesatthefestival.C.Thebuscantakeyoudirectlytothefestival.C)請聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)獨白內(nèi)容完成下列句子，每個空格不超過3個單詞。將答案填寫到答題卡的相應位置。聽獨白前你將有50秒鐘的時間閱讀句子內(nèi)容。獨白讀兩遍。23.Markgrewupin________inthenorthofEngland.24.InEngland,hecouldnotdomuchbut________inthecountryside.25.Whenhewas________,hemovedtoSingapore.26.In________,hemovedtoHangzhou,China.27.Hehasgot________tomoveagaininthefuture.二、單項填空請閱讀下面各小題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。1.Tina________drivestowork.Buttodayshedrivesbecauseoftherain.A.always B.often C.sometimes D.hardly2.—Thecoffee’sfinished!—Oh,sorry!I________totheshoptogetsome.A.amgoing B.wasgoing C.went D.havegone3.Itwasgreatintheend________wehadaterribletimeatthebeginning.A.if B.unless C.when D.although4.I’mprettygoodattennis.Actually,I’mprobably________intheclub.A.worse B.good C.better D.thebest5.Whenyougorockclimbing,youneedtobecarefulsothatyoudon’thavea(n)________.A.chance B.accident C.secret D.action6.Theperformer________becausetherewastoomuchnoisecomingfromthecrowd.A.continued B.relaxed C.stopped D.won7.Idon’tknowthewordstoalotofsongs,butIdoknowsomefolksongsthatmygrandma________meatanearlyage.A.teaches B.taught C.willteach D.hastaught8.You________lunchatschool.Soyoudon’thavetobringyourownfood.A.give B.willgive C.aregiven D.havegiven二、完形填空A)請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入相應空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Cowboyshavelivedandworkedinthewestandsouth—westoftheUnitedStatesforoverthreecenturiesandtheyareafamoussymboloftheUSA.WhenyouwatchthoseoldHollywoodcowboyfilmsfromthefiftiesandsixties,youseeajob.Youseea____9____offreedomandadventure(冒險).However,therealjobofanAmericancowboyhasalwaysbeen____10____andsometimesdangerous.Itisphysicalwithlonghoursandlowpay.Lifehasn’t____11____muchforcowboyssincetheearlydays.Cowswalkacrosshugeplains(草原)to____12____thegrassandthecowboyridesonhishorsetobring____13____home.Likethecowboysofthepast,a21stcenturycowboy____14____getsupearlyonfreezingcoldmorningsandmakesbreakfastoverafire.Sowhydoesaman—becauseitisusuallyaman—becomeacowboy?Forsome,itisn'ta____15____,becausetheyarebornintothelife.Theyhaveworkedwith____16____sincetheywerechildren.They____17____thetraditionalcowboyculture:“It’sareallifeaboutyou,yourhorseandtheopen_____18_____.”Somepeoplechoosethejob_____19_____inlife.PathadanofficejobwiththeUSgovernmentwithhighpay,_____20_____hedidn’tlikecitylifeandspendingalldayinside.Sooneday,he_____21_____hisjobandmovedtoaranch(牧場)inTexas,makingmuchlessmoney_____22_____acowboy.Hewantedjobsatisfaction.Andforacowboy,jobsatisfactiondoesn’tcomefromthemoneyoracomfortableoffice.Itcomesfrombeing_____23_____towakeupundertheskyandbeingyourownboss.9.A.life B.place C.way D.day10.A.interesting B.boring C.hard D.easy11.A.got B.paid C.done D.changed12.A.catch B.eat C.touch D.take13.A.it B.him C.her D.them14.A.just B.still C.even D.never15.A.problem B.choice C.plan D.dream16.A.parents B.brothers C.cows D.sheep17.A.create B.miss C.love D.refuse18.A.country B.culture C.mind D.cowboy19.A.later B.early C.quickly D.suddenly20.A.so B.and C.since D.but21.A.lookedfor B.tookup C.gaveup D.caredabout22.A.for B.as C.with D.like23.A.relaxed B.slow C.late D.freeB)請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所給的詞的適當形式填空，并將答案填寫到答題卡的相應位置。一空一詞，每個詞限用一次。becausebringcityeasyevengoalimportantmakerepeattheyChile(智利)isalongandbeautifulcountrywithoceantothewestandmountainstotheeast.Someofthevillagesareaverylongwayfrom____24____andsomeoftheschoolsareverysmall.Itisdifficultforsmallschoolstoteachscience____25____theydon’thaveenoughteachersorequipment(設備).ThisiswheretheScienceBusProjectcanhelp.Thebus____26____specialscienceteachers,newideasandequipmenttoschoolsindifferentpartsofthecountry.Sometimesthechildrengoinsidethebusfor____27____sciencelessonsorclubs.Sometimestheteachers____28____bringtheequipmentinsidetheclassroom.Thechildrendoexperiments(實驗).Thematerialsusedintheexperimentsare____29____tofind,forexamplerecycledplasticbottles,sothattheclassteachercan____30____theexperimentswiththeclasswhenthebushasgone.The____31____oftheScienceBusProjectistobringsciencetochildrenalloverChile.Since2012,thebushasvisitedlotsofschoolsinChile,andhundredsofteachershavelearnedhow____32____theirscienceclassesfunandexciting.Scienceis_____33_____forallofus,asithelpsusunderstandourworldandwecanlearnaboutitinsideoroutsideoftheclassroom.四、閱讀理解A)請閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AWouldyouliketogetfitandmakenewfriends?Joinourrunninggroupsforbeginnersandformoreexperiencedrunners.It’sfunandtherearenocompetitions.Itcosts￡3tobeamember.7p.m.everyWednesday.CallMikefordetails(細節(jié))at077—658945.JoinusandWINanewcamera!TheBartonPhotography(攝影)Clubwelcomesnewmembers.Weareabusyclubwithfamousteachers.Joinbefore1stMarchandenteroursummerphotographycompetition.FirstprizeisanewXP8iicamera!Youneedtopay￡15tojointheclub.Visittojoin.TheatreGroupHavefunwithalocaltheatregroup.Wearelookingforactorstobeinamusicalcomedythissummer.Youmustbeavailabletwiceaweekstarting2ndApril.Passion(熱情)ismoreimportantthantalent!Joinusforfree.WritetoMandyGilesonmandy76@.34.Whatcanwedoformoreinformationabouttherunninggroups?A.VisitMike. B.GiveMikeacall.C.WritetoMike. D.SendMikeanemail.35.Howmuchdoesitcosttojointhephotographyclub?A.￡15. B.￡8. C.￡3. D.Free.36.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheadsabove?A.Youaresuretogetacameratojointhephotographyclub.B.Talentisthemostimportantforactorsinthetheatregroup.C.TherunninggroupshaverunningcompetitionseveryWednesday.D.Actorsmusttakepartinthetheatregroup’sactivitiestwiceaweek.BIn2007,BarringtonIrvingbecametheyoungestpersontoflyalonearoundtheworld.Hewasjust23yearsold—andhebuilttheplanehimself.Howdidheachievethis?Irving'sinterestinflyingstartedwhenhewas15.Hewasworkinginhisparents’bookstoreinMiami,Florida.Oneofthecustomerswasapilot,GaryRobinson.Oneday,RobinsonaskedIrvingifhewasinterestedinflying.Irvingdidn'tthinkhewassmartenough.Butthenextday,RobinsontookIrvingtoanairport.HeshowedIrvinginsidethecockpit(駕駛艙)ofaBoeing777.ThatexperiencechangedIrving’slife.Irvingreallywantedtofly,butflightschoolwasexpensive.Toachievehisdream,heworkeddifferentjobs.Hewashedairplanesandcleanedswimmingpools.Athome,hepracticedflyingonavideogame.Intheend,hegotenoughmoneyforflightschool.Atflightschool,Irvingachievedhisdreamoflearninghowtofly.Buthewasn’tfinished.Next,heplannedtobuildhisownplaneandflyalonearoundtheworld.Buildingtheplanewasdifficult.Irvingaskedmorethan50companiesforairplaneparts.Mostsaidno,buthepersisted(頑強地堅持)inasking.Threeyearslater,hehadpartsworth$300,000.Columbia,anairplanecompany,agreedtobuildaplaneusingtheparts.Soon,hisairplanewasreadytofly.OnMarch23,2007,Irvingbeganhisround-the-worldtrip.After97days—with145hoursintheair—helandedbackinMiami.Acheeringcrowdofpeoplewastheretowelcomehim.Irvingsawmanyyoungpeopleinthecrowd,andthishadapowerfuleffect(影響)onhim.Hewantedtousehisexperiencetohelpotheryoungpeopleachievetheirowndreams.“EveryonetoldmewhatIcouldn’tdo,”saysIrving.“TheysaidIwastooyoung,thatIdidn’thaveenoughmoney.Butevenifnoonebelievesinyourdream,”hesays,“youhavetopursue(追求)it.”37.WhywasGaryRobinsonimportantinIrving'slife?A.HegotIrvinginterestedinflying. B.HesentIrvingtoaflightschool.C.HehelpedIrvingbuildaplane. D.HetaughtIrvinghowtofly.38.PuttheeventsaboutIrvinginthecorrectorder.a.Irvinggotthepartsforhisplane.b.Irvingflewaroundtheworld,c.IrvingmetGaryRobinson.d.Irvinglearnedtofly.A.c—d—a—b B.c—a—d—b C.b—c—a—d D.b—c—d—a39.WhatcanweknowaboutIrving'spersonalityaccordingtothepassage?A.Cleverandhonest. B.Humorousandresponsible.C.Politeandpowerful. D.Hard-workingandpersistent.40.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BecomingaPilot. B.LifeinFlightSchool.C.AchievingaDream. D.BuildingYourOwnPlane.CSomepeopleski(滑雪)downmountains.Othersclimbhugerocksorphotographdangerousanimals.Whydopeopleenjoyriskyactivitieslikethese?Somepeopletakeriskssimplybecauseitmakesthemfeelgood.Psychologist(心理學家)Marvinsaysthatthiskindofexplorers(探險者)arealwayslookingforchangeandexcitement.Whenpeopledosomethingneworrisky,achemical(化學物質(zhì))inthebraincreatesapleasantfeeling.Theylovethisfeelingandwanttoexperienceitasoftenaspossible.Otherpeopledon'ttakerisksforthefeelingofexcitementbuttoachieveagoal.Forexample,MikeFaywentonadangerous2,000—milespecialjourneyincentralAfrica.Heworkedtohelpsavethewildlifethere.Fay’sexpeditionshelpedcreate13nationalparks.Forotherpeople,suchasextremeathletes(極限運動員),takingrisksispartoftheirjob.SportspsychologistShanesaysextremeathletesseetheworlddifferently.Inadangerousactivity,mostpeopleprobablydonotfeelincontrol.Extremeathletesaredifferent:theyfeelincontrolindangeroussituations.Thedangercanevenhelpthem.Forexample,skierDaronRahlvessaysthatbeingafraidmakeshimtryhardertosucceed.Mostofusarenotextremeathletesorexplorers.However,westilltakerisksinourlives.Someofustakesocialrisks,suchasspeakinginfrontofalargegroupofpeople.Sometimes,wetakefinancialrisks,suchasbuyingahouse.Andsometimeswetakecareerrisks,suchasleavingajoborstartingabusiness.Mostpeopletakerisksinsomeareasoflife,butnotinothers.Whatkindofrisk—takerareyou?41.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.Thebrain. B.Somethingnew.C.Achemical. D.Apleasantfeeling.42.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“expedition”inParagraph3mean?A.Muchmoney. B.Ajourneywithaspecialgoal.C.Agreatidea. D.Aplanforadangerousjourney.43.Howmanykindsofextremeathletesorexplorersarementionedinthepassage?AThree. B.Four. C.Five. D.Six.44.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.MikeFayisaprofessionalrisk—taker.B.Mostpeopledon’ttakerisksintheirdailylife.C.Extremeathletesdealwithdangerbetterthanothers.DDaronRahlvestakesrisksmainlyforchangeandexcitement.DHowdoyoufeelaboutnature?Afterspendinghoursindoors,doyoufeelbetterwhenyouvisityourlocalpark?Mostpeoplethinkthatnatureisgoodforourbodiesandbrains.However,humansarespendingmoretimeinsideandlesstimeoutside.Forexample,thenumberofvisitorstoCanada’snationalparksisgettinglowereveryyear.AndincountriessuchastheUSA,only10%ofteenagersspendtimeoutsideeveryday.Manydoctorsfeelthatthisisaprobleminthetwenty—firstcentury.Asaresult,somedoctorsarestudyingtheconnectionbetweennatureandhealth:oneexampleofthisistheworkofDrMatildainSweden.Thedoctorgavepeopleamathstest.Duringthetest,theirheartrates(心率)werefast.Afterthetest,onegroupofpeoplesatina3D—virtual—reality(虛擬現(xiàn)實)roomforfifteenminuteswithpicturesandsoundsofnature.Theirheartrateswereslowerthanpeople'sintheothergroup.Thevirtualtouchwithnaturehelpedthemfeelmorerelaxed.AnothergoodexampleofhownatureisgoodforhealthcomesfromCanada.InToronto,researchersstudied31,000peoplelivinginthecity.Ingeneral,theyfoundthathealthierpeoplelivednearparks.Becauseofstudieslikethese,somecountriesandcitieswantnaturetobepartofpeople’severydaylife.InDubai(迪拜),forexample,thereareplansforanewshoppingmallwithalargegardensoshopperscanrelaxoutsidewithtrees,plantsandwater.InSwitzerland,“forestschools”arepopular.Schoolchildrenstudytheirsubjectsintheforestsanddolotsofexerciseoutside.AndSouthKorea(韓國)isanothergoodexample:ithasnewforestsnearitscitiesandaround13millionpeoplevisittheseforestseveryyear.Soafterbuildingcitiesforsolong,perhapsit’snowtimetostartrebuildingnature.45.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkabout?A.Teenagers’probleminthe21stcentury. B.Howmuchtimewespendoutdoors.C.Visitingyourlocalpark. D.Feelingaboutnature.46Matchthecountriesorcitieswiththeinformationandchoosetherightanswer.①theUSAa.Childrenstudyintheforestsanddolotsofactivitiesoutside.②Dubaib.About13millionpeoplevisitnewforestsnearitscitieseveryyear.③Switzerlandc.Anewshoppingmallwithalargegardenwillbebuilt.④SouthKoread.10%ofteenagersspendtimeoutsideeveryday.A.①—a②—d③—b④—c B.①—d②—c③—a④—bC.①—a②—c③—d④—b D.①—d②—c③—b④—a47.Whatdotheresultsofthestudiesshow?A.MoreandmoreCanadianswilllivenearparks.B.Themathstestisdifficultandmakespeoplenervous.C.Naturecanhelppeoplefeelmorerelaxedandbehealthier.D.People'sheartratesgetslowerina3D—virtual—realityroom.48.Whatcanweinferfromthelastsentenceofthepassage?A.Natureismoreimportantthancities. B.Countrylifeishealthierthancitylife.C.Peoplehavelivedinthecitiesforsolong. D.Natureshouldbepartofpeople’sdailylife.B)請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個選項中選擇五個還原到文中，使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，并在答題卡上將其序號涂黑。一空一句。DoyouknowwhatyourfriendswatchedonTVlastnight?Doyourfriendsknowwhatyouhadforbreakfasttoday?Doyouthinkyouareusingsocialmedia(社交媒體)toomuch?____49____Itisreportedthataround2,800millionpeopleoftenusesocialmedia.That’salmost40percentoftheworld’spopulation.Buthowmuchtimedowereallyspendonsocialmedia?Andwhatexactlydowespendthattimedoing?Researchshowsthat,worldwide,theaverage(普通的)personspendstwohoursand19minutesonsocialmediaeachday.____50____Anaveragepersontherespendsfourhoursand17minutesadayonsocialmedia.Researchalsoshowsthatwomenusesocialmediamorethanmen.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,womenspendaroundtwohoursmoreaweekthanmenonsocialmedia.____51____Ingeneral,itseemswespendmoretimelookingatotherpeople’spagesthanaddingtoourown.Accordingtoonesurvey,themostcommonsocialmediaactivitiesarevisitingfriends’pages,readingtheirnews,andcommenting(評論)ontheirposts.____52____Ithasover2,000millionusers.Insecondplace,however,istheChinesesiteQzone.In2017,QzonewasChina'smostpopularsocialmediasite,witharound600millionusersworldwide.That'smorethanTwitterandInstagram.Socialmediacontinuestogrow.____53____AndasInternetaccess(通道)becomesavailabletoevenmorepeoplearoundtheworld,thisgrowthwon'tstopanytimesoon.A.Whatdomostpeopledoonsocialmedia?B.Whydopeoplecommunicateonsocialmedia?C.PeopleinPhilippinesarethemostactiveusers.D.ThemostpopularsocialmediasiteisFacebook.E.OnFacebook,peopleposttheirnewsandphotos.F.Rightnow,thereare5newFacebookuserseverysecond.G.Socialmediaisnowapartofmanypeople’severydaylives.五、補全對話請閱讀下面對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容從下面方框內(nèi)的七個選項中選擇五個填入空白處，使對話通順、合理，意思完整，并在答題卡上將其序號涂黑。一空一句。(MeiandJianaretalkingintheschool.Mei=MJian=J)M:Helpme,Jian.Ihavegottoorganizetheschoolclean-upday,butIdon'tknowwhattodo.J:_____________54_____________M:Idon’tknow.J:Well,Mei.__________55__________.It'sagoodideatolearnwhatthatpersondid.M:OK,IwillaskMs.Robert.ButIneedtogetstartedtoday.HowshouldItellotherstudentsabouttheevent?J:_________56_________Everyoneseesthat.M:Greatidea!J:__________57__________Putsignsontherubbishbins(垃圾桶)toremindstudentsnottodroplitter.Icanhelpyouwiththat.M:That'sclever.Ifwestartkeepingtheschoolclean,there'llbelessworktodoonclean-upday.J:That’sright!Andonemorething,youmighttrytalkingtoteachers._________58_________M:Goodadvice,Jian.Thankyou!A.Youshouldask.B.Whenistheclean-upday?C.Whoorganizeditlastyear?D.Somevolunteerswilldotheclean-up.E.You'dbetterputitontheschoolcalendar.F.Askthemtotelltheirclassesabouttheday.GAndwhydon’tyougetstudentstocleanbeforetheevent?六、書面表達59.為了幫助學生迎接中考，在中考前幾個月，老師一般都會進行復習教學。一家英語教學研究中心(EnglishTeachingResearchCenter)正在對中考英語復習教學現(xiàn)狀進行調(diào)查。請你根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇英語短文，向他們介紹你們班的英語復習課的情況，談談你對英語復習課的感受及看法，并提出建議。寫作要點：1.YourfeelingsaboutyourEnglishrevisionclasses.2.Classactivities:a.WhatdidyourEnglishteacherusuallydoinclass?b.Whatdidyouusuallydoinclass?3.YouradviceonEnglishrevisionclassestoyourEnglishteacher.要求：1.短文應包括提示中所有的寫作要點，條理清楚，行文連貫，可適當發(fā)揮；2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名和地名；3.詞數(shù)不少于80，短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。IthinkmyEnglishrevisionclasseswere______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2020年北京市高級中等學校招生考試語文試卷考生須知：1.本試卷共12頁，共五道大題，24道小題，滿分100分?？荚嚂r間150分鐘。2.在試卷和草稿紙上準確填寫姓名、準考證號、考場號和座位號。3.試題答案一律填涂或書寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。4.在答題卡上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其他試題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5.考試結(jié)束，將本試卷、答題卡和草稿紙一并交回。一、基礎·運用（共14分）2020年“中國水周”的主題是“堅持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設幸福河湖”。學校組織同學們參與“中國水周”的宣傳，準備舉辦“京華水韻”展覽。請你完成下列任務。1.同學們準備從書法作品中搜集單字組成展板標題，對于“水”字的選擇產(chǎn)生了爭議。請你依據(jù)“字體一致，和諧美觀”的原則，選擇最恰當?shù)囊豁?。（）A. B. C. D.2.一位同學負責擬寫并講解前言。請閱讀這段文字，完成各題?！按汉淙账纤{，天影樓臺上下涵。十里青山行畫里，雙飛白烏似江南?！泵鞔鷷嫾椅尼缑髟谠娭猩鷦拥孛枥L了北京的湖光山色【甲】據(jù)考證，古都北京既有海淀、南海子等眾多水泊濕地，也有無數(shù)水井和泉池；既有寬闊繁忙的運河水道，也有難以計數(shù)的古橋閘口。你也許會想北京是否有過這般“似江南”的水鄉(xiāng)澤國之景【乙】讓我們開啟一段時光之旅，尋訪京城水脈，感受京華水韻。（1）這位同學對文段中兩個加點字的意思和讀音，以及【甲】【乙】兩處的標點產(chǎn)生了疑問。請你幫他選出判斷正確的一項。（）A.“行”在詩中是“流通”的意思，應讀xíng。B.“泊”在此處是“湖”的意思，應讀bó。C.【甲】處應填入句號，表示陳述語氣D.【乙】處應填入問號，表示疑問語氣。（2）為了向參觀者講解“澤國”的意思，這位同學查閱字典，找到“國”字的三個解釋：①國家：②國都，京城：③地域。請你幫他解釋“澤國”在此處的意思。3.展覽內(nèi)容分三個單元，同學們?yōu)檫@三個單元分別擬寫了標題和引言。閱讀文段，完成各題。第一單元①，碧水潤京城古永定河的沖積與改道，為北京提供了肥沃的土地，留下了大量湖沼和豐富的地下水。戰(zhàn)國時期，薊運河水系就已開通水路運輸。元明清三朝，京杭大運河成為連接南北經(jīng)濟、保障京城物資輸送的交通大動脈。今天，潮白河水系承擔著為北京輸送生產(chǎn)生活用水的重任，是首都的生命線。在北京3000多年的建城史、800多年的建都史上，這些水系發(fā)揮了重要作用，滋養(yǎng)了古老的幽燕大地。第二單元②，生態(tài)治河湖北京是一座人口超兩千萬的特大型城市。為保障城市供水，管理者著力建構(gòu)多水源保障體系，并努力建設節(jié)水型社會。如今，南水北調(diào)工程已使上千萬人直接受益，北京也連續(xù)十七年保持“全國節(jié)水型城市”稱號。要保障水資源，也要改善水環(huán)境。用生態(tài)的辦法治理生態(tài)問題，讓許多河湖告別了“亞健康”，水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)生物多樣性明顯提高。北京有信心打好這場碧水保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)，交出一份出色的答卷。第三單元人水相親，古都添畫意①生態(tài)補水后的永定河重新煥發(fā)青春，綠頭鴨、白天鵝逐水而來，給京城增添了勃勃生機。②經(jīng)過治理的大運河碧波蕩漾，人們可以觀賞白鷺在河面翩翩起舞，體會與自然和諧相處的美好。③遁入地下多年的轉(zhuǎn)河“重見天日”，河水清淺，弱柳扶風，像一幅恢宏壯麗的畫卷，讓人們感到別樣的清新。④曾經(jīng)被填埋地下近半個世紀的玉河，如今穿街走巷，波光粼粼，宛如鬧市中的一條玉帶，成為人們休憩的好去處。（1）同學們就第一單元和第二單元標題的擬定展開討論，你認為下列選填詞語最恰當?shù)囊豁検牵ǎ〢.①源遠流長②開源節(jié)流B.①源源不斷②開源節(jié)流C.①源遠流長②細水長流D.①源源不斷②細水長流（2）第三單元引言的四個句子都運用了修辭方法，你認為其中修辭方法運用不恰當?shù)囊痪涫牵ǎ〢.第①句B.第②句C.第③句D.第④句4.下面這段文字是為展覽擬寫的結(jié)語。根據(jù)語境，畫線的句子表達欠妥，請你幫助修改。①“堅持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設幸福河湖”，是2020年“中國水周”的主題，也是北京治水工作的重要內(nèi)容。②堅持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，并非簡單地限制用水，而是合理用水，高效用水。③治理河湖，也并非單純地治污補水，還包括用生態(tài)的方法解決生態(tài)問題，讓河湖成為人們的幸福源泉。④建設幸福河湖，滿足百姓美好生活愿景；節(jié)約用水，助力首都水資源保障。⑤請和我們一起節(jié)約用水，共繪幸福河湖畫卷，讓首都北京水韻綿長。5.通過籌辦“京華水韻”展覽，同學們對2020年“中國水周”的主題“堅持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設幸福河湖”有了真切的感受。請用“雖然……但是……”的句式，寫出你的感受?！敬鸢浮?.B2.（1）C（2）澤國：多水的地域3.（1）A（2）C4.節(jié)約用水，助力首都水資源保障：建設幸福河湖，滿足百姓美好生活愿景。5.示例1：堅持節(jié)水優(yōu)先雖然可能會帶來暫時的不便，但是從長遠來看，建設幸福河湖更有利于可持續(xù)發(fā)展。示例2：雖然治理水環(huán)境仍然任重而道遠，但是我相信通過大家的努力，碧水清韻的北京，一定會重現(xiàn)。【解析】【1題詳解】本題考查書法字體。書法字體，傳統(tǒng)講共有行書字體、草書字體、隸書字體、篆書字體和楷書字體五種。書法作品中的“京、華、韻”三個字，橫平豎直，規(guī)矩整齊，是楷體。這四個“水”分別是A.蠶頭雁尾應為隸書、B.楷書、C.行書、D.草書。故本題選B?！?題詳解】（1）本題考查字詞讀音、釋義，標點符號的用法。A.“十里青山行畫里”意思是在十里青山中，像在畫中行走一樣，“行”是“行走”的意思，解釋不正確，排除；B.“水泊濕地”中，“泊”是“湖”的意思，應讀pō，讀音不正確，排除；C.“明代書畫家文徵明曾在詩中生動地描繪了北京的湖光山色”是陳述句，與前面的描寫是一個完整的句子，此處結(jié)束，故【甲】處應填的是句號，正確；D.“你也許會想北京是否有過這般‘似江南’的水鄉(xiāng)澤國之景”，這是一句陳述句，因此句末【乙】處還是使用句號。選項不正確；故本題選C。（2）本題考查字詞釋義。水鄉(xiāng)澤國：這是一個并列式詞語，意思是大小湖泊、河川、渠道，密如蛛網(wǎng)的地域。再根據(jù)前文“水井泉池、運河水道、古橋閘口”可以判斷，這里的“國”的含義不在于國家（僅指北京地區(qū)），也不在于強調(diào)“首都”，而是指“多水的地域”因此，“國”的義項應為③地域。澤國：多水的地域?！?題詳解】（1）本題考查標題的擬定。源遠流長：源頭很遠，水流很長，比喻歷史悠久，根底深厚。從第一單元“戰(zhàn)國時期，薊運河水系就已開通水路運輸”“元明清三朝”“在北京3000多年的建城史、800多年的建都史上”等句子中，可以看出，水的歷史悠久，因此①處選“源遠流長”符合內(nèi)容所寫；開源節(jié)流：開發(fā)水源，節(jié)制水流。比喻增加收入，節(jié)省開支。從第二單元“構(gòu)建多重保障體系，努力建設節(jié)水社會”可以看出，節(jié)約用水是這單元前半部分的主要內(nèi)容，因此②處應填“開源節(jié)流”；故本題選A。

源源不斷：形容接連不斷、連綿不絕。多用于事物，不用于人。細水長流：“細水長流”比喻節(jié)約使用財物，使經(jīng)常不缺用。也比喻一點一滴不斷地做某件事，精細安排，長遠打算。在此處只對應材料中“節(jié)約”，略微片面。（2）本題考查修辭方法的辨析。③句中描寫遁入地下多年的轉(zhuǎn)河，“河水清淺，弱柳扶風”與后面的比喻“像一幅恢宏壯麗的畫卷”不搭，特點不一致。因此本題選C?！?題詳解】本題考查上下文的連貫性、一致性銜接。從本題第①句“堅持節(jié)水優(yōu)先，建設幸福河湖”可知，節(jié)水應該放在前面，幸福河湖放在后面，所以此句的順序要調(diào)整為：節(jié)約用水，助力首都水資源保障：建設幸福河湖，滿足百姓美好生活愿景?！?題詳解】本題考查例句仿寫。用“雖然……但是……”的句式，寫出感受。示例：雖然河水、湖水治理已經(jīng)初見成效，碧水藍天已經(jīng)隨處可見，但是任重而道遠，水的治理仍然需要我們堅持不懈地繼續(xù)努力。二、古詩文閱讀（共17分）（一）默寫。（共4分）6.（1）其必曰“___________，后天下之樂而樂”乎！（范仲淹《岳陽樓記》）（2）___________，陰陽割昏曉。（杜甫《望岳》（3）座右銘是用來激勵、警醒自己的格言。如果用兩句古詩作為你的座右銘，你選用的詩句是“_______，______”。（本試卷中出現(xiàn)的詩句除外。每句詩中允許有一個不會寫的字用拼音替代）【答案】(1).先天下之憂而憂(2).造化鐘神秀(3).千錘萬鑿出深山(4).烈火焚燒若等閑【解析】【詳解】詩詞默寫要求：一、不能添字，不能少字；二、字的筆畫要準確。注意：造化、千錘萬鑿、焚燒。選擇座右銘詩句時，符合“激勵、警醒自己的格言”這個要求都可，注意不能是試卷中出現(xiàn)過的詩句。（二）（共5分）閱讀《己亥雜詩（其五）》，完成下面小題。己亥雜詩（其五）龔自珍浩蕩離愁白日斜，吟鞭東指即天涯。落紅不是無情物，化作春泥更護花。7.近代學者王國維在《人間詞話》中說“一切景語皆情語”。這首詩的前兩句，詩人寫到了______的自然之景，抒發(fā)了______之情。8.孟浩然《春曉》中“夜來風雨聲，花落知多少”，與本詩“落紅不是無情物，化作春泥更護花”都寫到了落花。請簡要說明兩位詩人分別借“落花”表達了怎樣的情感。【答案】7.(1).白日西斜，廣闊天涯(2).離愁的無限感慨與豪放灑脫8.龔詩中“落花”本指脫離花枝的花，但是，并非沒有感情，而是即使化做春泥，也甘愿培育美麗的春花成長，不為獨香，而為護花，表現(xiàn)詩人雖然脫離官場，依然關(guān)心著國家的命運，不忘報國之志，以此來表達他至死仍牽掛國家的一腔熱情；充分表達詩人的壯懷。孟詩中“落花”則表達了詩人對春天落花的惋惜之情和春光流逝的淡淡哀愁?！窘馕觥俊?題詳解】本題考查詩詞中的意象。（1）首聯(lián)翻譯：浩浩蕩蕩的離別愁緒向著日落西斜的遠處延伸，離開北京，馬鞭向東一揮，感覺就是人在天涯一般。這里抓住了“白日西斜”“天涯廣闊”的自然景象。（2）“浩蕩離愁白日斜”中“浩蕩離愁”直接點明了作者對離愁的無限感慨，“吟鞭東指即天涯”則通過“天涯”這個開闊的意象表現(xiàn)了豪放和灑脫?！?題詳解】本題考查詩歌主題。（1）龔自珍的詩。翻譯：我辭官歸鄉(xiāng)，有如從枝頭上掉下來的落花，但它卻不是無情之物，化成了春天的泥土，還能起著培育下一代的作用。這里采用了比喻的手法，作者自比為落花，落花從枝頭落下，化為肥料，滋養(yǎng)大地，為新花的成長做貢獻。作者雖然離開朝廷，但是依然關(guān)心國家的前途和命運，依然堅持對理想的追求，表現(xiàn)了一片拳拳愛國之情。（2）孟浩然的詩。翻譯：春天睡醒不覺天已大亮，到處是鳥兒清脆的叫聲?；叵胱蛞沟年囮囷L雨聲，吹落了多少芳香的春花。第一聯(lián)從聽覺角度描寫了鳥兒清脆的鳴叫，營造了美好的、充滿生機的春天的氛圍，表達出對春天的喜愛之情，而第二聯(lián)則從視覺角度，運用聯(lián)想，寫春花被吹落到地的景象。寫出了對春花凋零的憐惜，作者喜愛春天，可是春天的花被吹落了，這是否意味著春天的逝去，故表達了對春天落花的惋惜之情和春光流逝的淡淡哀愁。（三）（共8分）閱讀《曹劌論戰(zhàn)》，完成下面小題。曹劌論戰(zhàn)《左傳》十年春，齊師伐我。公將戰(zhàn)，曹劌請見。其鄉(xiāng)人曰：“肉食者謀之，又何間焉？”劌曰：“肉食者鄙，未能遠謀?！蹦巳胍?。問：“何以戰(zhàn)？”公曰：“衣食所安，弗敢專也，必以分人。”對曰：“小惠未遍，民弗從也?！惫唬骸盃奚癫ジ壹右?，必以信。”對曰：“小信未孚，神弗福也。”公曰：“小大之獄，雖不能察，必以情。”對曰：“【甲】忠之屬也?？梢砸粦?zhàn)。戰(zhàn)則請從?！惫c之乘，戰(zhàn)于長勺。公將鼓之。劌曰：“未可?！饼R人三鼓。劌曰：“可矣?！饼R師敗績。公將馳之。劌曰：“未可。”下視其轍，登軾而望之，曰：“可矣。”遂逐齊師。既克，公問其故。對曰：“夫戰(zhàn)，勇氣也。一鼓作氣，再而衰，三而竭。彼竭我盈，故克之。夫大國，難測也，懼有伏焉?！疽摇课嵋暺滢H亂，望其旗靡，故逐之?！?.下列選項中加點字的意思都相同的一項是（）A.曹劌請見見多識廣見義勇為各抒己見B.小信未孚言而有信杳無音信信手拈來C.公與之乘乘風破浪乘虛而入乘興而來D.遂逐齊師出師未捷百萬雄師仁義之師10.翻譯文中兩處畫線語句，并依據(jù)上下文對其作出進一步理解，全都正確的一項是（）【甲】忠之屬也。可以一戰(zhàn)。翻譯：（這）是盡職分之類的事情?？蓱{借（這個條件）打一仗。理解：曹劌認為魯莊公能夠公正處理百姓的訴訟事件，與“小惠”和“小信”相比，更能贏得百姓的信任，具備了迎戰(zhàn)的條件?！疽摇课嵋暺滢H亂，望其旗靡，故逐之。翻譯：我發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的車印混亂，軍旗也倒下了，所以才下令追擊他們。理解：曹劌能敏銳地觀察戰(zhàn)場形勢的變化，他根據(jù)“轍亂”“旗靡”判斷齊師撤走了伏兵，認為可以追擊敵人了。11.“位卑未敢忘憂國”意思是雖然身份低微，仍然不忘擔憂國事。曹劌一介平民，在國家危難之際，挺身而出，為國解憂。閱讀下面兩則材料，簡要說明“位卑未敢忘憂國”的精神在弦高和卜式身上是如何體現(xiàn)的。材料一秦穆公興兵襲①鄭，過周而東。鄭賈人②弦高將西販牛，道遇秦師于周、鄭之間，乃矯③鄭伯之命，犒④以十二牛，賓⑤秦師而卻之⑥，以存鄭國。（取材于《淮南子·氾論訓》）材料二時漢方事⑦匈奴，式⑧上書，愿輸⑨家財半助邊⑩。上使使問式：“欲為官乎？”式曰：“自小牧羊，不習仕宦，不愿也。”使者曰：“子何欲？”式曰：“天子誅勾奴，愚以為賢者宜死節(jié)，有財者宜輸之，如此而匈奴可滅也。”（取材于《漢書·公孫弘卜式兒寬傳》）注：①[襲]偷襲。②[賈人]商人，在當時社會地位不高