本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文Processing of Sentence Structure in Translation of Scientific Articles

ContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\u16886Abstract I13142摘要 Ⅲ27642Introduction 11FeaturesofScientific

Articles 3152181.1DefinitionofScientific

Articles 3168471.2LanguageCharacteristicsofScientific

Articles 6277252RequirementsforScientific

ArticlesTranslation 781962.1Accuracy 72682.2SmoothnessIntegrity 7205722.3ScientificPrinciples 857302.4Conciseness 9181442.5Timeliness 947083TheApplicationofVariousStructuresintheTranslationofScientific

Articles 12109643.1TheUseofPassiveStructureinScientific

Articles 12117633.2TranslationofNounClauses 143383.3TranslationofAttributiveClauses 1562524TranslationofLongSentencesandComplexSentencesinScientific

Articles 1767184.1ClassificationofLongandComplexSentencesinScientific

Articles 1876074.2BasicMethodsofTranslatingLongSentencesandCompoundSentencesinScientific

Articles 1917133Conclusion 249497Bibliography 2610009Acknowledgments 28AbstractScientificEnglishisaspecialstyleinmodernEnglish.Itslanguagerespectsobjectivefactsandpursuesscientificthinkinglogic.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologyandthedeepeningofglobaleconomicintegration,scientificEnglishhasbeenpaidmoreandmoreattentionbythescientificcommunityandthelanguagecommunity.Butintheprocessoftranslatingscientificarticles.However,intheprocessoftranslation,thetranslatorfindsthatthetranslationmadeaccordingtotheoriginaldoesnotconformtotheChineseusagenorms,andrealizesthatthefaithfulnessoftranslationdoesnotonlystayinthestateofcompleteequivalentoutputtotheoriginal.Intranslation,weshouldalsoconsiderthereaders'receptivity,sothatthetranslationcanbereadableandacceptable.However,differentlanguagesbelongtodifferentculturalbackgrounds.Therefore,translationisakindofcrosslanguage,crosscultureandcrosssocietycommunicationactivity.Itisnotonlyaskill,butalsoanartwithcreativityandscientificity.Asuccessfultranslationmustbeconsistentwiththeculturalcategoryofthetranslation,whichisespeciallyreflectedinliterarytranslation.However,itisalsonecessarytotakethisintoaccountwhendoingESTtranslation.Tosumup,byconsideringtheprincipleoffaithfulnessinESTtranslation,wecancombinethethreelevelsof"threestepstrategy"tomakethetranslationbettershowtheoriginaltext.ThispaperanalyzesanddiscussesthetranslationprinciplesandskillsofwordsandsyntaxinESTfromtheperspectiveofthestylisticcharacteristicsofEST,combiningwithmanyspecificexamples.Thispaperisdividedintofourparts,coveringthestylisticfeatures,translationprinciples,translationstandardsandthesuggestionsandrequirementsforthetranslationoflongsentencesandcomplexsentences.Onthebasisofsummarizingthetranslationcharacteristicsofscientificandtechnologicalarticles,thispaperexpoundsanddiscussesthesecharacteristicsbycitingsomeexamples,andputsforwardsomeprinciplestobefollowedintheprocessoftranslationofscientificandtechnologicalarticles,andthenanalyzesanddiscusseshowtorealizetheaccuratetranslationbetweenEnglishandChineseincombinationwiththecharacteristicsandprinciplessummarized.ScientificEnglishtranslationisacomprehensiveart.Intheprocessoftranslation,thetranslatorshouldmakesurethatthetranslationisfaithfultotheoriginalandsmoothinexpressionaccordingtothelanguagecharacteristicsofscientificEnglish.Keywords:EnglishforScienceandTechnology（EST）;stylisticfeatures;languagestructure;principlesoftranslation摘要科技英語是現(xiàn)代英語中的一種特別的文體，其語言尊重客觀事實(shí)，追求科學(xué)的思維邏輯。隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化程度日漸加深，科技英語越來越受到科學(xué)界和語言界共同的的高度重視和關(guān)注。但是在科技文章翻譯過程中，譯者發(fā)現(xiàn)根據(jù)原文做出的譯文有多處不符合漢語使用規(guī)范，意識(shí)到翻譯的忠實(shí)性不只停留在對(duì)原文的完全對(duì)等輸出狀態(tài)。翻譯時(shí)還應(yīng)考慮譯文讀者的接受力，這樣譯文才有可讀性和接受性。但不同的語言歸屬不同的文化背景，因此，翻譯作為一種跨語言、跨文化、跨社會(huì)的交際活動(dòng)。它既是一種技巧，又是一種藝術(shù)，是一種具有創(chuàng)造性和科學(xué)性的藝術(shù)。成功的翻譯作品必須與譯文所屬文化范疇相吻合，這尤其體現(xiàn)在文學(xué)翻譯作品中，但做科技英語翻譯時(shí)，同樣需要考慮這點(diǎn)。綜上所述，通過思考科技英語翻譯中的忠實(shí)性原則，在做科技文章翻譯時(shí)，結(jié)合“三步走戰(zhàn)略”的三個(gè)層面，使譯文能更好地展現(xiàn)原文。本文本著學(xué)習(xí)研究的心態(tài)，結(jié)合許多具體實(shí)例，以科技英語的文體特征為出發(fā)點(diǎn)，分析和探討了科技英語中詞語及句法的翻譯原則與技巧。文章主要分為四個(gè)部分，分別涵蓋了科技英語的文體特點(diǎn)、翻譯原則、翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及對(duì)科技英語翻譯中長(zhǎng)句與復(fù)雜句翻譯的建議與要求。本文在總結(jié)科技文章翻譯特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過列舉一些實(shí)例對(duì)這些特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了闡述和探討，并提出了在科技文章翻譯過程中需要遵循的幾點(diǎn)原則，進(jìn)而結(jié)合所歸納的特點(diǎn)和原則就如何準(zhǔn)確的實(shí)現(xiàn)英漢互譯進(jìn)行了分析和探討?？萍加⒄Z翻譯是一門綜合藝術(shù)，在翻譯的過程中，譯者要根據(jù)科技英語的語言特點(diǎn)，確保譯文忠于原文，表達(dá)通順流暢。關(guān)鍵詞：科技英語；文體特點(diǎn)；語言結(jié)構(gòu)；翻譯原則Introduction Scienceisaknowledgesystemaboutnature,whichdirectlyrevealsthelawsofnaturalactivitiesinanobjectiveway.Therefore,sci-techEnglishhasatightstructuretoensureclearnarrationandaccuratereasoning.Therefore,sci-techEnglishisobviouslydifferentfromcommonEnglishintermsofvocabulary,grammarandstyle.Therefore,comparedwithordinaryEnglish,thegrammaticalrelationsofscientificandscientificEnglisharemorecomplicated.ThecomplicatedgrammaticalrelationsareduetothemanyoverlappingclausesinscientificandscientificEnglish,andtheseoverlappingclausesaremostlyattributiveclauses.Accordingtoincompletestatistics,inalmostallscientificEnglisharticles,everyparagraphhas1or2relativeclauses.Atpresent,thetranslationqualityofEnglishforscienceandtechnologyisuneven,andsometimesthesentencestranslatedfromChinesereadneitherfishnorfish.Inthisway,thetranslationisdifficultfortheprofessionaltounderstand,letalonethegeneralreader.Themainreasonisthattranslatorshaveinsufficientunderstandingofscientificandtechnologicalknowledge,whilescientificandscientificpersonnellackcertaintheoreticalknowledgeoftranslationandhavelittleunderstandingofthecharacteristicsofEnglishandChineselanguages.Inthisway,thestudyofforeignadvancedscienceandtechnologyishindered.Therefore,itisofgreatpracticalsignificancetostudythemethodoftranslatingattributiveclausesintoChineseinsci-techEnglish.ComparedwithgeneralEnglishtranslation,ESTtranslationhasnotonlycommonness,butalsolanguagestandardization,formalmood,statementpurpose,logicality,largeamountofinformation,highdegreeofspecialization,extensiveuseofsymbols,formulas,chartsandotherfeatures,especiallyitpaysattentiontoscientificity,logicality,objectivity,ratherthanexaggeration,rendering,norhetoricandrhetoricalmeansNow.[1]"Itisofgreathelptounderstandthetranslationmethodsofpassivevoice,nominalizationstructureandphrasesubstituteclausetoimprovethetranslationqualityofEST.Withthedeepeningofeconomicintegrationandthecontinuouspromotionofreformandopeningup,Chinaisincreasinglyclosetotheworld,andexchangesandcooperationinthefieldofscienceandtechnologyaredeepening.Therefore,theimportanceofESTtranslationisincreasinglyprominent.ExploringhowtoachievehighqualityscientificEnglishtranslationisnotonlyofacademicsignificance,butalsoofhighsocialvalue.EnglishforscienceandtechnologyisakindofEnglishstyle,whichhasitsowndistinctcharacteristics.Sci-techEnglishisdividedintospecializedscienceandtechnologyandpopularscienceandtechnology,coveringmanyfields,suchaspolitics,

economy,

science

and

technology.Sci-techEnglishfocusonthelogic,accuracyandrigorofthelanguage.Therefore,Sci-techEnglishhasitsowncharacteristicintermsofvocabulary,syntaxanddiscourse.However,doesnotmeanthatESThaslittleornofeaturesofitsown.ESTasapopularbranchofESP(EnglishforSpecialPurpose),hasformedthelingualcharacteristicsofitsownrelatingtoglossary,accidence,syntaxandsoonafteralongevolvement,amongwhichhighspecializationisitschieffeature.ESTtranslationisaperfectcombinationoflinguisticandspecializedknowledge,whichuseshighlyscientificoresotericlanguagetostateanobjectivereality.Therefore,itdemandsconciseindexsystem,clearevaluationcriteriaandscientificevaluationmethods.TodiscussandimprovethequalityofESTtranslationisofimportantsignificancebothintheoryandpractice."Forthetranslators,thekeytogoodtranslationistobuildasolidlinguisticfoundationofbothEnglishandChinese,andtheyshouldhaveobtainedrelativetranslationskillsandtheoriesofESTaswell.[2]"Thesignificanceofthisstudyliesin:inthecurrentresearch,basedonscienceandtechnology,weusethetranslationmethodofESTtoreviewandanalyzetheattributiveclause,toexploreamoresimpleandeasy,comprehensive,andmorespecifictranslationmethods,helpsolvefurtherscientificEnglishattributiveunderstanding,translation,itisdifficulttomakescienceandtechnologyEnglishtextreadingeasier,scientificandtechnologicalachievementsfortheChineseandforeignexchanges,thedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologytocontributealittle.

1FeaturesofScientific

ArticlesDifferentfromordinaryEnglish,itisnecessarytomasterbasictranslationskillsintheprocessoftranslationtoensuretheaccuracyoftranslation."Onlysmoothandaccuratetranslationcanunderstandthemeaningexpressedbyscientificandtechnologicaltextsanddeepentheimpressionoftranslation.[3]"Masteringeffectivetranslationmethodsnotonlyreducesthedifficultyoftranslation,butalsoshortensthetranslationtimeandoptimizesthequalityoftranslation,whichpromotestheimprovementoftranslators'abilityandscientificandtechnologicalliteracy.1.1DefinitionofScientific

ArticlesWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,therearemoreandmoreinternationalscientificandtechnologicalexchangesinthesametime,therefore,theuseofscienceandtechnologyEnglishalsoneedtoexpandinthecorrespondingcharacteristicsofEnglishofscienceandtechnologyismainlymanifestedinsuchaspectsasvocabulary,syntaxandsentencepatterns.Inordertoaccuratelyandfullyexplainthecontentsexpressedbythescientific

articles,peopleshouldgrasptheobjectivity,authenticity,rationalityandrigour,atthesametime,payattentiontotheorderlyconnectioncontext.1.1.1MoreNominalizationsAGrammarofContemporarypointsoutthattheextensiveuseofNominalizationisoneofthefeaturesofEnglishforscienceandtechnology.Becausethestyleofscienceandtechnologyrequiresconcisewriting,objectiveexpression,precisecontent,largeamountofinformation,emphasizingtheexistenceoffacts.It'snotanaction.Nomination,whichiscrucialtoEnglish,isprofoundlymanifestedinESTtranslation.AGrammarofContemporaryEnglishhasputforwardedthatthewideuseofnounsisoneofthecharacteristicsofEST.ForscientificEnglishisaterseandvigorousstylewhichisobjectiveandaccurate.Itemphasizesonthefactofexistence,nottheactofdoingsomethinginscientificEnglish.itiscommonlyseenthatasentenceisreplacedbyanounphrase"anounthatdenotesanaction+of+anoun+amodifier"."AstatementwhichisexpressedbyverbsingeneralEnglishissubstitutedbynounphrasesinscientificEnglish,andthisistheso-callednominalization.[4]"Payattentiontothefollowingsentences:Theearthrotatesonitsownaxiswhichcausesthechangefromdaytonight.Therotationoftheearthonitsownaxiscausesthechangefromdaytonight.Thenominationstructure"therotationoftheearthonitsown"turnsthiscomplexsentencetoasimpleone,andmakestheconceptorpropositionmoredefiniteandprecise.Anotherexample:Archimedsfirstdiscoveredtheprincipleofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies.Thissentenceistranslatedinto“阿基米德最先發(fā)展固體排水的原理?！盜nthissentence,“ofdisplacementofwaterbysolidbodies”isaprepositionalphrasewhichreplacestheappositiveclause“thatwaterwasdisplacebysolidbodies”andhighlightsthefact“displacement”.1.1.2NormalUseofPassiveSentencesItisnotoriousthatinChineseactivevoiceiswidelyusedeitherinspokenorwrittenlanguage,whileinEnglishitisexactlyopposite.AccordingtothefiguresprovidedbyJohnSwalesfromUniversityofLeeds,atleastonethirdofpredicatesinESTarepresentedinpassivevoice,becausethestressofESTismoreonaccuracyandinference.

Thirdpersonorpluralarewidelyusedinthetranslationinsteadof1stor2ndpersontoavoidtheabsurdsuppositionbysubjectiveinterpretation.Forexample:

a.

"Wecanstoreelectricalenergyintotwomentalplatesseparatedbyaninsultingmedium.Wecallsuchadeviceacapacitororacondenser,anditsabilitytostoreelectricalenergycapacitance.[5]"Itismeasuredinfarads.Thewholepassageistediousandburdensomewith"we""asitssubjectfromthebeginningtotheend.Itisparticularlythecaseintranslationinthatliteraryworkstransfernotonlyinformationbutalsoaestheticvalue.Therefore,suchconstructionisuncommoninESTtranslation.

b.

Electricenergycanbestoredintwometalplatesseparatedbyaninsulatingmedium.Thisdeviceiscalledacapacitor,orcapacitor,anditsabilitytostoreelectricalenergyiscalledacapacitor.Intheabovepassage,thesubjectsare"electricalenergy",suchadevice“itsability"and"it(capacitance)"respectivelywhichstandoutwellatthebeginningofeachsentence.Fourdifferentsubjectsavoidrepetitionsuccessfullyandcontainalargeamountofinformation.Thewholepassageiscoherent,naturalwhichgiveagullexpressiontotheadvantagesofpassivevoices.1.1.3Non-FiniteFormsofVerbsScientificandtechnicalarticlesarerequiredtobeconciseandcompact,soparticiplephrasesareoftenusedinsteadofattributiveclausesoradverbialclauses.Useparticipleindependentstructureinsteadofadverbialclauseorparallelclause;useinfinitivephrasesinsteadofvariousclauses;Theprepositionten-gerundphrasereplacesanattributiveoradverbialclause.Thiscanshortenthesentence,moreeye-catching.AsESTdemandsaccuracyaswellasconciseness,non-finiteverbsarecommonlyusedinthetranslation.Inthepracticaluse,tomaketheobjectivesclearanddefinite.non-finiteverbsoftenserveasattribute,adverbialmodifierandsoon，suchas:"Theirreport,publishedinthejournalNature,linkedcasesofmanicdepressioninanAmishfamilytogenesinaspecificregionofhumanchromosome.[6]"

“他們?cè)凇蹲匀弧冯s志上所發(fā)表的報(bào)導(dǎo)，把一家愛梅西人中患有狂郁癥的幾個(gè)病人與人體上11號(hào)染色體所在的特定部位的基因聯(lián)系起來?！?/p>

Intheaboveexample,thepastparticipialphrase“publishedinthejournalNature”takestheplaceofthenon-restrictiveattributiveclause“whichwaspublishedinthejournalNature”.

Draw

a

comparison

between

sentence

a

and

b:

a.

A

direct

current

is

a

current

which

flows

always

in

the

same

direction.

b.

A

direct

current

is

a

current

flowing

always

in

the

same

direction.It

is

easy

to

find

that

sentence

b

is

much

better

than

a

in

structure

and

expression.As

mentioned

before,

EST

demands

accuracy

and

conciseness."Using

non-finite

verbs

in

place

of

various

subordinate

clauses

highlights

the

main

content

of

the

essay,

and

it

is

also

quite

eye-catching.[7]"1.1.4PostpositionAttributivePostpositionattributivesrefertoattributivesafternounsorpronouns.Duetotheaccuracyandstrictnessofsci-techEnglish,postpositionattributiveisfrequentlyused.Thisisalsooneofthereasonswhytherearesomanycomplexandlongsentencesinsci-techEnglish.Therefore,althoughattributiveisasecondarycomponentofasentence,itisanimportantfactoraffectingthequalityoftranslation.The

postposition

of

attributive

is

also

abundant

in

EST

among

which

the

three

main

structures

serving

as

post-modifiers

are:

the

past

participle,

the

prepositional

phrase

and

the

adjective

or

adjective

phrase.

Look

at

the

following

sentence:The

difficulty

in

developing

a

videophone

stems

from

having

to

stuff

huge

amounts

of

information

through

a

thin

copper-wire

phone

line;

compare

this

task

with

pouring

water

from

a

gallon

jug

into

a

straw.[8]"

“生產(chǎn)電視電話的困難來自得把大量的信息通過細(xì)小的銅質(zhì)電話線，這可與將一加侖水從罐子里倒進(jìn)一根麥稈相比?！?/p>

In

this

sentence,

the

prepositional

phrase

“in

developing

a

videophone”

serves

as

attributive

to

modify

the

word

“difficulty”.1.2LanguageCharacteristicsofScientific

ArticlesUnlikeordinaryEnglish,scientificEnglishisnotcharacterizedbyemotionalthinkingandimage,anditspurposeistomakeiteasyforreaderstounderstandwithouttoomuchimagination.Italsodoesnotoftenusemetaphors,parallelism,exaggerationandotherrhetoricaldevices,buttoaccuratelyexpressobjectivelaws,accordingtologicalthinkingclearlydescribetheproblem.ThelexicalmeaningofscientificEnglishismorespecificandstable,especiallythemeaningofmanyprofessionalnounsisveryfixedandspecific.Commonmultimeaningverbslikedo,take,andmakehavemorefixedmeaningsandareeasiertounderstandinscientificEnglish."ScientificEnglishisprimarilyawrittenlanguagethatrequiresrigorandbrevity,withouttheneedtopileupflowerywordsinthetext,ortoconsiderreadingandreciting.[9]"Inscientificandtechnologyarticles,themulti-specializationofthemeaningofthesameword,thatis,thesamecommonEnglishwordisnotonlyusedbymanymajors,butalsohasdifferentmeanings,whichisverydifferent.Atthesametime,abbreviationsareoftenusedinscientificEnglish.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernscience,abbreviationswillbeincreasing,oftenanabbreviationcanrepresentdozensofwordmeanings.2RequirementsforScientificandScientific

ArticlesTranslationAsabranchofspecialEnglish,sci-techEnglishhasitsownfeaturesintermsofvocabularycomposition,wordchoiceandsentenceconstruction,etc.Itsgrammaticalstructureisnotveryclose,itslanguagehabitsaredifferentfromthoseofChinese,itsvocabularyislarge,anditswordsarecomplicated,soitisdifficulttotranslatesci-techEnglish.Inaddition,thecomparisonofscienceandtechnologyarticlesfocusesontheconnectionofnarrativelogicandtheunderstandingandcirculationofexpression.Topreventthecirculationofthetext,topreventthedisclosureoftheirownpride,topreventtheone-sidedarbitrarinessontheproof."Englishtranslationofscienceandtechnologytouselessornodescriptiveadjectivesandadverbs,interjectionsofexpressingeffectandthequestionword,butmanyusevocabularyofscienceandtechnology,professionalandtechnicalterms,thetranslatorshouldrespecttheobjectivefacts,notatlibertytochangedata,avoidisnoteasytotranslatewords,morecannotbeaddedtoitsone-sidedfantasies,freetranslation.[10]"Therefore,intheprocessoftranslationofEnglishforscienceandtechnology,weshouldallknowthatthestyleofscienceandtechnologyadvocatesprecisenessandpreciseness,accuracyinconcept,stronglogic,concisestyle,prominentemphasis,strictsentencepatternandlittlechange.ScientificandtechnologicalEnglishisalsoakindofEnglishlanguagestyle.Academicworks,papers,researchreportsanddescriptionsofpatentproductsrelatedtonaturalscienceandsocialscienceallbelongtothiscategory.Sci-techEnglishisscientific,logicalandstrict,withitsownfeaturesintermsofvocabulary,grammaranddecoration.Therefore,peoplemustunderstandthelanguagestructureofEnglishforscienceandtechnologyinordertochoosetheappropriatetranslationmethodsandskillstodealwithEnglishforscienceandtechnology.SointhetranslationofEnglishforscienceandtechnology,weshouldunderstandtherelevanttranslationmethodsandtipsofEnglishforscienceandtechnology!Basedontheanalysisofabove,standardsandrequirementsofscientificEnglishtranslationcanbeinthefollowingrespects.2.1AccuracyDuetothelinguisticfieldofEST,themainpurposeanddeterminantsofESTtranslationaredifferentfromotherformsoftranslation.Ingeneral,translationmustbefaithfultotheoriginalcontent.Englishtranslationinadditiontofaithfullyreflecttheoriginalcontentofscienceandtechnology,toensuretheaccuracyoftheinformationtransmission.Thetranslationofscienceandtechnologygenerallyneednotorrarelyuse"may","probably",suchasambiguityoflanguage.Asaresult,theaccuracyisthemostimportantscientificEnglishtranslationstandards.Lost"accuracy",translationofscienceandtechnologylostthesoul."Toensuretheaccuracyofscientifictranslation,thetranslatormustcarefullystudytheoriginaltext,fullyunderstandtheoriginaltext,andthenuseaccurateandfluenttargetlanguageexpression.[11]"2.2SmoothnessIntegritySmoothnessincludesnotonlytheexpressionofthetranslation,butalsothecompletenessofthetranslation.Expressionisaprocessinwhichatranslatorinterpretswhatheunderstandsinanotherlanguageonthebasisofunderstandingtheoriginaltext.Thisprocessmustbeconductedinexactlyunderstandthepremiseoftheoriginal,andtrytokeeptheoriginalformsofexpressionatthesametime,mustensurethatthetranslationisthespecificationofthetargetlanguageandwritingtrytosmooth,simpleandclear,letthereadertounderstandwhilesee.Inaddition,intheprocessofexpression,andtheprincipleofacomplete,thetranslator'sresponsibilitytoensurecompleteconveyofscienceandtechnologyinformation,shallnot,withoutdistortion,tamperedwith,abridgedoromissionoftheoriginalinformation,tothesourceandmaintain"factualinformationintegrity”;“Thecompletenessofgrammaticalcategories";"Theintegrityofthemeaningandtheunityofthesentenceasawhole.[12]"2.3ScientificPrinciplesAsanobjectivedescriptionandinterpretationofscientificfactsandtheories,itshouldembodyitsscientificnatureinchoosingwordsandmakingsentences.Thisismainlymanifestedinthetranslationofprofessionalterms.Becausetechnicaltermsarethelanguagebasisofscienceandtechnologytheoryandtherepresentativeofeachsubjectfieldorprofessionalcharacteristic,translatorsshouldconcentrateonthestudyintranslation,consultdataextensively,andstrivetoexpressthemwiththemostaccurateprofessionalterms.Secondly,intermsofsentencestructure,weshouldalsomakethetranslationlogicclearandconformtothetechnicalspecificationsandindustryhabits.Scientifictranslationmethodologyrejectsempiricismanddoesnotregardindividualexperienceorpersonalexperienceasamethodwithwideapplicability.Individualexperienceorpersonalexperienceoftenhasgreatlimitationsandone-sidedness.Theemergenceofacertaintechniqueor"method"isgenerallycloselyrelatedtotheconditionsofthetimeandplace(suchasthecharacteristicsofthetargetlanguage,thecharacteristicsoftheoriginalwork,thestyleofwriting,thetrendofliterarytheory,theconditionsofthetranslatorhimselfandthefactorsoftherecipient,etc.),sothepracticabilityofpersonalexperienceisusuallylimitedtothetimeandplace.Scientifictranslationmethodologyisnotasummaryofindividualexperienceorpersonalexperience,butascientificlawverifiedbyuniversalpractice,whichcanbedemonstratedbylanguagescience,aestheticsorlogic.Theargumentationoftranslationnormsandtheprocedureandmeansofargumentationarethebasictasksofthebasictheoryoftranslation.Finally,peopleshouldrealizethatmethodologyisdeveloping.Withtheprogressofthesociety,thestrengtheningoflanguagecontactandlanguagedevelopmentofscientificresearch,alongwiththecontinuouslydevelopedinthefieldoftranslationtheoryandtranslationpracticeoflarger,deeper,horizonwillshowthenewtheory,newtheoreticalconceptswillbeborn,certaintranslatabilityobstacleswillbebreakthrough,newinterlingualconversionmeansandinformationcommunicationchannelwillbeuncovered,anduse.Themethodologicalpossibilitiesareendless.Inthetheoreticalresearch,weshouldalwayssetuptheconceptofdevelopmenttomakemethodologyresearchscientific,practicalandcounterplan.Itcanbesaidthattheconceptofdevelopmentisthekeytothevitalityofmethodology.Therefore,ourresearchhorizonmustbeopen,andsmallisclosed,anymethodofresearchisnotexhausted.2.4ConcisenessScientificandtechnologicaltranslationistoexpressscientificandtechnologicalpapersinanotherlanguage,whilescientificandtechnologicallanguageis"projection",whichpaysattentiontotheclarityofconceptsandthesimplicityofexpression.Thetranslationofscienceandtechnologyserviceobjectismainlyhavetheprofessionalknowledgeofscienceandtechnologyworkersortemporaryneedtoreadersofaparticularaspectofinformationscienceandtechnology,scienceandtechnologyofinformativetext,theycouldnottasteslowlytranslation,buttoobtaintherequiredinformationaccuratelyandrapidly,sothebeautyoftranslation,inadditiontotruthfulandaccuratebytheideologicalcontent,butalsoontheexpressionformsofthebeautyofsimplicity,intunnels,smoothformoflanguage,therighttoexpresstheideologicalcontentandthestyleoftheoriginal.Atranslationlikethis,alwaysGiveapersonwithbeautifulfeeling,peoplearealwayshappytoread.Thecomplexityofthementionedthingsalsoallowstheauthortowiththeleastamountofwordstocarrythelargestamountofinformation,sotheexpressionbynumeroustoJane'strend.BecauseofthedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChineselanguagesystem,thetargetlanguageandtheoriginallanguageisnotnecessarilyaone-to-onecorrespondence,thetranslatortoconveytotheoriginalintention,intheprocessoftranslationoflanguageintegration,keepthelanguagesimple,makereadersseizethepointimmediately.Theprincipleofbrevityistomakethetranslationasconciseaspossiblewithoutcomplexlongsentencesandobscurelanguageonthepremiseofensuringitscompletecontent.Thisensuresthatyoucanseeitbriefly,ratherthantryingtofigureoutthehiddenmeaning.Fromtheabove-mentioned